1
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Sindlinger M, Ströbele M, Grunenberg J, Bettinger HF. Accessing unusual heterocycles: ring expansion of benzoborirenes by formal cycloaddition reactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10478-10487. [PMID: 37799994 PMCID: PMC10548517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoborirenes are a very rare class of strained boron heterobicyclic systems. In this study a kinetically stabilized benzoborirene 1 is shown to react with multiple bonds of trimethylphosphine oxide, acetaldehyde, and tert-butyl isonitrile. The (2 + 2) cycloaddition product with trimethylphosphine oxide, benzo[c][1,2,5]oxaphosphaborole, has a long apical PO bond (194.0 pm) that must be considered on the border line between ionic and covalent according to the natural bond orbital, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and compliance matrix approaches to the description of chemical bonding. The coordination compound between the benzoborirene and phosphine oxide was observed by NMR spectroscopy at 213 K. The Lewis acidity of 1 is similar to that of B(OCH2CF3)3 and B(C6F5)3 based on the 31P{1H} NMR chemical shift of the Lewis acid base complexes with trimethylphosphine oxide at 213 K. Benzoboriene 1 does not react with acetone, but forms a (2 + 2) cycloaddition product, an oxaborole, with acetaldehyde. In contrast, it undergoes a double (2 + 1) reaction with tert-butyl isonitrile to yield a boro-indane derivative under mild conditions. The observed reactivity of 1 is in agreement with computational analyses of the respective potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Sindlinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Ströbele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität (TU) Braunschweig 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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2
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Hahn J, Keck C, Maichle-Mössmer C, von Grotthuss E, Ruth PN, Paesch A, Stalke D, Bettinger HF. Synthesis and Ring Strain of a Benzoborirene-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adduct. Chemistry 2018; 24:18634-18637. [PMID: 30444011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of an N-heterocyclic carbene (1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene, IiPr Me 2 ) adduct of dichloro(ortho-bromophenyl)borane by tert-butyl lithium at low temperature yields the IiPr Me 2 adduct A of parent benzoborirene, a highly strained boron-containing bicyclic compound. A is unstable at room temperature and dimerizes at low temperature to the bis-IiPr Me 2 adduct of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracene, characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hahn
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Keck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Esther von Grotthuss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Paesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Enthaler S, Erre G, Junge K, Holz J, Börner A, Alberico E, Nieddu I, Gladiali S, Beller M. Development of Practical Rhodium Phosphine Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of β-Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives. Org Process Res Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/op0602270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Enthaler
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulia Erre
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Jens Holz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Armin Börner
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Alberico
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Nieddu
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Serafino Gladiali
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - CNR, trav. La Crucca 3, 07040 Sassari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Reetz MT, Meiswinkel A, Mehler G, Angermund K, Graf M, Thiel W, Mynott R, Blackmond DG. Why Are BINOL-Based Monophosphites Such Efficient Ligands in Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Olefin Hydrogenation? J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10305-13. [PMID: 16028942 DOI: 10.1021/ja052025+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Whereas recent synthetic studies concerning Rh-catalyzed olefin hydrogenation based on BINOL-derived monodentate phosphites have resulted in an efficient and economically attractive preparative method, very little is known concerning the source of the unexpectedly high levels of enantioselectivity (ee often 90-99%). The present mechanistic study, which includes the NMR characterization of the precatalysts, kinetic measurements with focus on nonlinear effects, and DFT calculations, constitutes a first step in understanding this hydrogenation system. The two most important features which have emerged from these efforts are the following: (1) two monodentate P-ligands are attached to rhodium, and (2) the lock-and-key mechanism holds, in which the thermodynamics of Rh/olefin complexation with formation of the major and minor diastereomeric intermediates dictates the stereochemical outcome. The major diastereomer leads to the favored enantiomeric product, which is opposite to the state of affairs in classical Rh-catalyzed olefin hydrogenation based on chiral chelating diphosphines (anti lock-and-key mechanism as proposed by Halpern).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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7
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Bettinger HF, Kaiser RI. Reaction of Benzene and Boron Atom: Mechanism of Formation of Benzoborirene and Hydrogen Atom. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0375259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger F. Bettinger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 95622
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 95622
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