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Badeji AA, Liu Y, Oladipo SD, Osinubi AD. Computational insights into the mechanisms and origins of switchable selectivity in gold(i)-catalyzed annulation of ynamides with isoxazoles via 6π-electrocyclizations of azaheptatrienyl cations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18025-18037. [PMID: 37323448 PMCID: PMC10265590 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocyclizations of acyclic conjugated π-motifs have emerged as a versatile and effective strategy for accessing various ring systems with excellent functional group tolerability and controllable selectivity. Typically, the realization of 6π-electrocyclization of heptatrienyl cations to afford seven-membered motif has proven difficult due to the high-energy state of the cyclizing seven-membered intermediate. Instead, it undergoes the Nazarov cyclization, affording a five-membered pyrrole product. However, the incorporation of a Au(i)-catalyst, a nitrogen atom and tosylamide group in the heptatrienyl cations unexpectedly circumvented the aforementioned high energy state to afford a seven-membered azepine product via 6π-electrocyclization in the annulation of 3-en-1-ynamides with isoxazoles. Therefore, extensive computational studies were carried out to investigate the mechanism of Au(i)-catalyzed [4+3] annulation of 3-en-1-ynamides with dimethylisoxazoles to produce a seven-membered 4H-azepine via the 6π-electrocyclization of azaheptatrienyl cations. Computational results showed that after the formation of the key α-imino gold carbene intermediate, the annulation of 3-en-1-ynamides with dimethylisoxazole occurs via the unusual 6π-electrocyclization to afford a seven-membered 4H-azepine exclusively. However, the annulation of 3-cyclohexen-1-ynamides with dimethylisoxazole occurs via the commonly proposed aza-Nazarov cyclization pathway to majorly generate five-membered pyrrole derivatives. The results from the DFT predictive analysis revealed that the key factors responsible for the different chemo-, and regio-selectivities observed are the cooperating effect of the tosylamide group on C1, the uninterrupted π-conjugation pattern of the α-imino gold(i) carbene and the substitution pattern at the cyclization termini. The Au(i)-catalyst is believed to assist in the stabilization of the azaheptatrienyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University 9 Seyuan Road Nantong 226019 China
| | - Segun D Oladipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University 2002 Ago-Iwoye Nigeria
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Morgan TDR, LeBlanc LM, Ardagh GH, Boyd RJ, Burnell DJ. Torquoselectivity in the Nazarov Reactions of Allenyl Vinyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1042-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. R. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University,
P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Luc M. LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University,
P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Giselle H. Ardagh
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University,
P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Russell J. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University,
P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - D. Jean Burnell
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University,
P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Flynn BL, Manchala N, Krenske EH. Opposing Auxiliary Conformations Produce the Same Torquoselectivity in an Oxazolidinone-Directed Nazarov Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9156-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4036434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard L. Flynn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Narasimhulu Manchala
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
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Sun H, Chai Y, Wang L, Jiang K, Pan Y. Nazarov Cyclization and Oxo-Diels–Alder Reaction of Chalcones Induced by the Naked Silver Cation in Gas Phase. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4003285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hezhi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunfeng Chai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kezhi Jiang
- Key Lab of Organosilicon Chemistry
and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Gille A, Rehbein J, Hiersemann M. Gosteli−Claisen Rearrangement of Propargyl Vinyl Ethers: Cascading Molecular Rearrangements. Org Lett 2011; 13:2122-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gille
- Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Hiersemann
- Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Souto JA, Pérez M, Silva López C, Álvarez R, Torrado A, de Lera AR. Competing Thermal Electrocyclic Ring-Closure Reactions of (2Z)-Hexa-2,4,5-trienals and Their Schiff Bases. Structural, Kinetic, and Computational Studies. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4453-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100558p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Souto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Martín Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alicia Torrado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel R. de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Cao P, Sun XL, Zhu BH, Shen Q, Xie Z, Tang Y. Multistep One-Pot Wittig/Nazarov Reaction for Construction of Cyclopentenone with Diazo Compounds and Acid Chlorides. Org Lett 2009; 11:3048-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben-Hu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Mangelinckx S, Speybroeck VV, Vansteenkiste P, Waroquier M, Kimpe ND. Experimental and Computational Study of the Conrotatory Ring Opening of Various 3-Chloro-2-azetines. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5481-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vansteenkiste
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Souto JA, López CS, Faza ON, Alvarez R, de Lera AR. 2-Alkylidenesulfol-3-enes by (regio- and) stereoselective cheletropic addition of SO2 to (di)vinylallenes. Org Lett 2006; 7:1565-8. [PMID: 15816753 DOI: 10.1021/ol050240p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The cheletropic addition of SO(2) to divinylallenes is regioselective, taking place at the most substituted vinylallene and at the E unit if vinyl groups of opposite geometry are competing. Diastereofacial differentiation results from the approach of the reagent from the less-substituted direction of the allene and from the concomitant disrotatory movement of the termini of the vinylallene to afford the sterically more congested 2-alkylidenesulfol-3-ene isomer. DFT computations confirm the regio- and the stereoselectivity of these cheletropic additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Souto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Xi Z, Zhang WX, Song Z, Zheng W, Kong F, Takahashi T. Preparation of Vinyl Allenes from 1-Lithio-1,3-dienyl Phosphine Oxides and Aldehydes by the Wittig−Horner Reaction. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8785-9. [PMID: 16238310 DOI: 10.1021/jo051178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Vinyl allenes were prepared in high yields by the Wittig-Horner reaction of 1-lithio-1,3-dienyl phosphine oxides with aldehydes. 1-Lithio-1,3-dienyl phosphine oxides were generated in situ from lithiation of 1-iodo-1,3-dienyl phosphine oxides, which were obtained by iodination of alpha-phosphinozirconacyclopentadienes. As a whole, a vinyl allene is synthesized from two different alkynes and one aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Xi
- Peking University-Hokkaido University Joint Lab, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Walker MJ, Hietbrink BN, Thomas BE, Nakamura K, Kallel EA, Houk KN. Torquoselectivity induced by lone-pair conjugation in the electrocyclic reactions of 1-azapolyenes. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6669-72. [PMID: 11578219 DOI: 10.1021/jo010466f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Torquoselectivity in the electrocyclic interconversions of 1-azapolyenes and their heterocyclic isomers was investigated theoretically. The ring openings of 1,2-dihydroazete, 1,2-dihydropyridine, and 1,2-dihydroazocine were examined using HF, MP2, and B3LYP calculations. A large preference for inward rotation of the nitrogen lone pair and outward rotation of the N-H group was found for the four- and six-electron systems. No strong preference was observed for the eight-electron system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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