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Arnold A, Sherbow TJ, Bohanon AM, Sayler RI, Britt RD, Smith AM, Fettinger JC, Berben LA. Delocalization tunable by ligand substitution in [L 2Al] n− complexes highlights a mechanism for strong electronic coupling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:675-682. [PMID: 34163799 PMCID: PMC8179017 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organo-aluminum mixed-valent complexes combine properties of both organic and transition element mixed-valent compounds. This supports delocalized electronic structures that are structurally and electronically tunable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tobias J. Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Amanda M. Bohanon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard I. Sayler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - R. David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Allison M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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3
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Romito D, Biot N, Babudri F, Bonifazi D. Non-covalent bridging of bithiophenes through chalcogen bonding grips. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, chalcogen functionalized dithiophenes, equipped on both extremities with chalcogen-bonding recognition heterocycles, have been prepared following two synthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Biot
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Francesco Babudri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi Aldo Moro di Bari
- 70126 Bari
- Italy
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4
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Bishop S, Tremblay MH, Gellé A, Skene WG. Understanding Color Tuning and Reversible Oxidation of Conjugated Azomethines. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2687-2693. [PMID: 30892894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of achieving reversible oxidation and color tuning, the effect of the central aromatic on the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectrochemical properties of a series of electrochromic azomethine triads was investigated. The absorption of the alkylated thiophene derivatives was blue-shifted relative to their unalkylated counterparts when the central aromatic was either a bi- or terthiophene. It was further found that the alkylated thiophene derivatives had larger Stokes shifts than their unsubstituted counterparts. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the torsion angles of these alkylated cores with respect to the flanking azomethines were responsible for the spectroscopic effects. While the electrochemical oxidation potential of the triads varied by only 100 mV, the reversibility of their anodic process was contingent on the central aromatic. The absorption of the electrochemically produced state red-shifted between 165 and 280 nm from its corresponding neutral state, leading to perceived color changes between orange and blue. Reversible color changes were chemically mediated with ferric chloride/hydrazine. The absorption of the chemically oxidized state shifted between 155 and 220 nm from the corresponding neutral state, contingent on the central aromatic. The palette of perceived colors that was possible with oxidation included orange, yellow, blue, and gray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bishop
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
| | - Marie-Hélène Tremblay
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
| | - Alexandra Gellé
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
| | - W G Skene
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
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Zassowski P, Golba S, Skorka L, Szafraniec-Gorol G, Matussek M, Zych D, Danikiewicz W, Krompiec S, Lapkowski M, Slodek A, Domagala W. Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hasegawa M, Kobayakawa K, Matsuzawa H, Nishinaga T, Hirose T, Sako K, Mazaki Y. Macrocyclic Oligothiophene with Stereogenic [2.2]Paracyclophane Scaffolds: Chiroptical Properties from π-Transannular Interactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:3267-3271. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kobayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Hideyo Matsuzawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Katsuya Sako
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kitasato University; 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
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Huo P, Li YH, Xue LJ, Chen T, Yu L, Zhu QY, Dai J. Effect of conjugated structures of bipyridinium cations on ion assembly and charge-transfer of their tetrathiafulvalene-bicarboxylate salts. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Fluorine–fluorine type II versus πF–π stacking interactions in the supramolecular organizations of extended thiophene derivatives end capped by imino-perfluorophenyl units. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Extended benzodifuran–thiophene systems connected with azomethine junctions: synthesis and electronic properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Christensen MA, Rudebusch GE, Parker CR, Andersen CL, Kadziola A, Haley MM, Hammerich O, Nielsen MB. Diindenothienoacene–tetrathiafulvalene redox systems. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox properties and cation associations of extended tetrathiafulvalenes with diindenothienoacene cores are strongly dependent on the number and regioisomeric structural orientation of the central thiophene units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel E. Rudebusch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Materials Science Institute
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
| | | | | | - Anders Kadziola
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Materials Science Institute
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
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Bill NL, Ishida M, Bähring S, Lim JM, Lee S, Davis CM, Lynch VM, Nielsen KA, Jeppesen JO, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Kim D, Sessler JL. Porphyrins fused with strongly electron-donating 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene moieties: redox control by metal cation complexation and anion binding. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10852-62. [PMID: 23786501 DOI: 10.1021/ja404830y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new class of redox-active free base and metalloporphyrins fused with the 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene subunits present in tetrathiafulvalene, termed MTTFP (M = H2, Cu, Ni, Zn), have been prepared and characterized. The strong electron-donating properties of MTTFP were probed by electrochemical measurement and demonstrated that oxidation potentials can be tuned by metalation of the free base form, H2TTFP. X-ray crystal structures of H2TTFP, ZnTTFP, and CuTTFP revealed that a severe saddle-shape distortion was observed with the dithiole rings bent out of the plane toward one another in the neutral form. In contrast, the structure of the two-electron oxidized species (CuTFFP(2+)) is planar, corresponding to a change from a nonaromatic to aromatic structure upon oxidation. A relatively large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section value of H2TTFP(2+) (1200 GM) was obtained for the free base compound, a value that is much higher than those typically seen for porphyrins (<100 GM). Augmented TPA values for the metal complexes were also seen. The strong electron-donating ability of ZnTTFP was further enhanced by binding of Cl(-) and Br(-) as revealed by thermal electron-transfer between ZnTTFP and Li(+)-encapsulated C60 (Li(+)@C60) in benzonitrile, which was "switched on" by the addition of either Cl(-) or Br(-) (as the tetrabutylammonium salts). The X-ray crystal structure of Cl(-)-bound ZnTTFP was determined and provided support for the strong binding between the Cl(-) anion and the Zn(2+) cation present in ZnTTFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Bill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Hasegawa M, Watanabe M, Misaki Y. Synthesis, Structures and Properties of [n]Dendralenes Substituted with Electron-Donating Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Zeng Y, Zhang G, Zhang D, Zhu D. A New Tetrathiafulvalene−Quinone−Tetrathiafulvalene Triad: Modulation of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer by the Electron-Transfer Process Promoted by Metal Ions. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4375-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9007332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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Alévêque O, Frère P, Leriche P, Breton T, Cravino A, Roncali J. Effects of aromatic spacers on the properties of organic field effect transistors based on π-extended tetrathiafulvalene derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b822159f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Zhao L, Mak TCW. Silver(I)−Thiophene π Interaction in the Assembly of Coordination Networks with the Supramolecular Synthons R−C⋮C⊃Agn (R = 2- or 3-thienyl; n = 4). Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700370p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas C. W. Mak
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Priego EM, Sánchez L, Angeles Herranz M, Martín N, Viruela R, Ortí E. Synthesis and radical coupling of pyridine-bridged π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-type donors and push–pull analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1201-9. [PMID: 17406718 DOI: 10.1039/b701806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of pi-extended TTF analogues (3a-c) and D-pi-A chromophores (5a-c), in which the electroactive units (1,3-dithiole rings and 2,2-dicyanovinyl groups) are connected through a pyridine bridge with a meta substitution pattern, is reported. The redox behavior of these compounds has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations performed at the B3P86/6-31G** level. Unlike many pi-extended TTF derivatives, the 1,3-dithiole rings in compounds 3a-c do not behave independently and two oxidation processes are observed with an anodic separation ranging from 50 to 150 mV. Calculations show that electrons are equally extracted from both dithiole rings. A biradical structure is predicted for the dication state due to the near-degeneracy of the HOMO and HOMO - 1 orbitals. The presence of both donor (D) and acceptor (A) fragments in conjugates results in irreversible oxidation and reduction processes associated with the 1,3-dithiole ring and with the 2,2-dicyanovinyl moiety, respectively. An electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical (ECE) process takes place for all the compounds reported. The chemical process implies the dimerization of the radical cation for compounds 5 and the oligomerization of the biradical dication for compounds 3. The ECE process therefore generates new neutral dimeric (5) or oligomeric (3) species that incorporate the TTF vinylogue core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Priego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Nishinaga T, Komatsu K. Persistent ? radical cations: self-association and its steric control in the condensed phase. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:561-9. [PMID: 15703786 DOI: 10.1039/b418872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pi Radical cations, which are highly reactive in general, can be made persistently stable by appropriate structural modification with heteroatoms, pi-conjugated systems, and alkyl substituents. Many of these pi radical cations undergo self-association in the condensed phase. The steric control of such self-association of stabilized pi radical cations is the subject of the present article. Such an association can result in the formation of pi- and/or sigma-dimers. The pi-dimerization in particular is now considered as an important intermolecular interaction for model studies of a charge-transport phenomenon in positively doped conducting polymers. On the other hand, the intermolecular interactions can be suppressed when the pi-system is modified with sterically demanding structural units, for example, by annelation with bicycloalkene frameworks. This structural modification not only brings about unusual stabilization of the radical cations but provides valuable information on the electronic structure/properties of the positively charged pi-systems in a segregated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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18
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Frère P, Skabara PJ. Salts of extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues: relationships between molecular structure, electrochemical properties and solid state organisation. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:69-98. [PMID: 15643491 DOI: 10.1039/b316392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By considering the structures of many salts derived from extended TTF analogues, relationships between the molecular architecture of the donors with their electrochemical properties and their stacking mode in the salts are presented in this critical review. Three categories of donors corresponding to their extension modes have been considered. Firstly, for linearly extended TTFs the crucial role of the spacer in modifying the electrochemical properties and the packing mode in the salts is presented. Secondly, bidimentional extension of the donors obtained by linking several dithiafulvenyl units on a TTF core led to materials with increased dimensionality. Finally, the last class corresponds to the fusion, directly or across a benzene ring, of TTF frameworks. The former are the base of many salts with metallic behaviour. (148 references.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frère
- Groupe Systemes Conjugues Lineaires, CIMMA, UMR-CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex France.
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Bendikov M, Wudl F, Perepichka DF. Tetrathiafulvalenes, Oligoacenenes, and Their Buckminsterfullerene Derivatives: The Brick and Mortar of Organic Electronics. Chem Rev 2004; 104:4891-946. [PMID: 15535637 DOI: 10.1021/cr030666m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1275] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bendikov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Exotic Materials Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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20
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Gorgues A, Hudhomme P, Sallé M. Highly Functionalized Tetrathiafulvalenes: Riding along the Synthetic Trail from Electrophilic Alkynes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:5151-84. [PMID: 15535646 DOI: 10.1021/cr0306485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gorgues
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
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Rapta P, Lukkari J, Tarábek J, Salomäki M, Jussila M, Yohannes G, Riekkola ML, Kankare J, Dunsch L. Ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayers: in situ ESR/UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical study of charge carriers formed under oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b308891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chapter 5.1 Five-membered ring systems: Thiophenes & Se, Te analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(03)80008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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23
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Leriche P, Raimundo JM, Turbiez M, Monroche V, Allain M, Sauvage FX, Roncali J, Frère P, Skabara PJ. Linearly extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues with fused thiophene units as π-conjugated spacers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b301149f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Leriche P, Turbiez M, Monroche V, Frère P, Blanchard P, Skabara PJ, Roncali J. Strong π-electron donors based on a self-rigidified 2,2′-bi(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thiophene–tetrathiafulvalene hybrid π-conjugated system. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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