1
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Sellin M, Krossing I. Homoleptic Transition Metal Carbonyl Cations: Synthetic Approaches, Characterization and Follow-Up Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2776-2787. [PMID: 37668537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCarbon monoxide, CO, is one of the most important ligands in organometallic chemistry. It is an excellent π-acceptor and a moderate σ-donor. Therefore, most of the known transition metal carbonyls (TMCs) exhibit a zerovalent or even negative metal oxidation state (OS) of up to -4. However, given the right conditions, the carbonyl ligand also forms homoleptic cationic complexes with one or more transition metal atoms, the transition metal carbonyl cations (TMCCs), known with an OS of up to +3. Despite their long-standing history upon discovery of the first [M(CO)6]+ examples (M = Mn, Tc, Re) by E. O. Fischer in 1962 as well as their very fundamental nature, it took until the 1990s for the scope to be widened by Aubke, Strauss and Willner. Yet, many potential TMCC entries known from gas-phase mass spectrometry work remained unknown on preparative grounds. This is due to their high reactivity, which puts scientists to new challenges and encourages the development of suitable solvents, anions and oxidants, to cope with the demands of these fundamental salts─later referred to as pseudo-gas-phase conditions and innocent deelectronators and solvents.Hence, the utilization of extremely weakly coordinating perfluorinated alkoxyaluminates [Al(ORF)4]- and [F{Al(ORF)3}2]- (ORF = -OC(CF3)3) in combination with the polar but non- or weakly coordinating innocent solvents 1,2-difluorobenzene (oDFB) and 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene (TFB) yielded the first TMCC salts containing heptacoordinate [M(CO)7]+ (M = Nb, Ta) as well as paramagnetic [M(CO)6]+· (M = Cr, Mo, W) or [Ni(CO)4]+·. However, the use of typical inorganic oxidants Ag+, [NO]+ and Ag+/0.5 I2 regularly led to unwanted side reactions. For example, the Lewis acidic silver(I) cations form Lewis pairs with various Lewis basic TMCs yielding partly clustered [Agx{TMC}y]x+ complex salts, while nitrosonium cations may substitute for carbonyl ligands, forming [M(CO)x-1(NO)]+ complexes. The synergistic oxidizing reagent Ag+/0.5 X2 can add halonium ions X+ to the TMCs (X = Cl, Br, I). This prevented the synthesis of univalent group 8 TMCC salts. Yet, the application of radical cation salts of perfluorinated arenes as innocent deelectronators finally yielded salts of [Fe(CO)5]+· and [M3(CO)14]2+ (M = Ru, Os).TMCC salts are excellent starting materials, and the reaction of [Co(CO)5]+ and [Ni(CO)4]+· with benzene led to the previously unknown bis(benzene) sandwich complexes [Co(benzene)2]+ and [Ni(benzene)2]+·. Under the right conditions, even the very weakly bound oDFB-complex salts with [M(oDFB)2]+ (M = Co, Ni) cations form, useful as naked metal(I) synthons and for small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sellin
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Ponomarev I, Polcar T, Nicolini P. New Reactive Force Field for Simulations of MoS 2 Crystallization. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9475-9481. [PMID: 35712650 PMCID: PMC9189924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a new reactive force field (ReaxFF) parameter set for simulations of Mo-S structures. We compare our parameterization to the state-of-the-art ones in their performance against density functional theory (DFT) benchmarks and MoS2 crystallization simulations. Our new force field matches DFT data significantly better than any previously published force fields and provides a realistic layered MoS2 structure in crystallization simulations. It significantly improves the state-of-the-art force fields, which tend to crystallize in the experimentally unknown rock-salt MoS structure. Therefore, our new force field is a good candidate for further development and inclusion of other practically relevant elements, such as O, C, N, and H, which can be used to study the formation and tribological or catalytical properties of molybdenum disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ponomarev
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - T Polcar
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - P Nicolini
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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3
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Sellin M, Friedmann C, Mayländer M, Richert S, Krossing I. Towards Clustered Carbonyl Cations [M
3
(CO)
14
]
2+
(M = Ru, Os): The Need for Innocent Deelectronation . Chem Sci 2022; 13:9147-9158. [PMID: 36093020 PMCID: PMC9384829 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To access the hitherto almost unknown class of clustered transition metal carbonyl cations, the trimetal dodecacarbonyls M3(CO)12 (M = Ru, Os) were reacted with the oxidant Ag+[WCA]−, but yielded the silver complexes [Ag{M3(CO)12}2]+[WCA]−...
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sellin
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christian Friedmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Maximilian Mayländer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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4
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Dabringhaus P, Barthélemy A, Krossing I. The Coordination Chemistry and Clustering of Subvalent Ga
+
and In
+
upon Addition of σ‐Donor Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
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5
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Wang CH, Gulmann LK, Zhang T, Farfan GA, Hansel CM, Sievert SM. Microbial colonization of metal sulfide minerals at a diffuse-flow deep-sea hydrothermal vent at 9°50'N on the East Pacific Rise. GEOBIOLOGY 2020; 18:594-605. [PMID: 32336020 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal sulfide minerals, including mercury sulfides (HgS), are widespread in hydrothermal vent systems where sulfur-oxidizing microbes are prevalent. Questions remain as to the impact of mineral composition and structure on sulfur-oxidizing microbial populations at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, including the possible role of microbial activity in remobilizing elemental Hg from HgS. In the present study, metal sulfides varying in metal composition, structure, and surface area were incubated for 13 days on and near a diffuse-flow hydrothermal vent at 9°50'N on the East Pacific Rise. Upon retrieval, incubated minerals were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and epifluorescence microscopy (EFM). DNA was extracted from mineral samples, and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequenced to characterize colonizing microbes. Sulfur-oxidizing genera common to newly exposed surfaces (Sulfurimonas, Sulfurovum, and Arcobacter) were present on all samples. Differences in their relative abundance between and within incubation sites point to constraining effects of the immediate environment and the minerals themselves. Greater variability in colonizing community composition on off-vent samples suggests that the bioavailability of mineral-derived sulfide (as influenced by surface area, crystal structure, and reactivity) exerted greater control on microbial colonization in the ambient environment than in the vent environment, where dissolved sulfide is more abundant. The availability of mineral-derived sulfide as an electron donor may thus be a key control on the activity and proliferation of deep-sea chemosynthetic communities, and this interpretation supports the potential for microbial dissolution of HgS at hydrothermal vents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe H Wang
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, USA
| | - Lara K Gulmann
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gabriela A Farfan
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Colleen M Hansel
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Stefan M Sievert
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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6
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Glootz K, Himmel D, Kratzert D, Butschke B, Scherer H, Krossing I. Why Do Five Ga
+
Cations Form a Ligand‐Stabilized [Ga
5
]
5+
Pentagon and How Does a 5:1 Salt Pack in the Solid State? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Glootz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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7
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Glootz K, Himmel D, Kratzert D, Butschke B, Scherer H, Krossing I. Why Do Five Ga + Cations Form a Ligand-Stabilized [Ga 5 ] 5+ Pentagon and How Does a 5:1 Salt Pack in the Solid State? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14162-14166. [PMID: 31369694 PMCID: PMC6790617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the Ga+ source [Ga(PhF)2 ]+ [Al(ORF )4 ]- with the neutral σ-donor ligand dmap (4-Me2 N-C6 H4 N) produces the unexpectedly large and fivefold positively charged cluster cation salt [Ga5 (dmap)10 ]5+ ([Al(ORF )4 ]- )5 . It includes a regular and planar Ga5 pentagon with strong metal-metal bonding. Additionally, the compound represents the first salt in which an ionic 1:5 packing is realized. We discuss the nature of this structure which results from the conversion of the non-bonding 4s2 lone-pair orbitals into fully Ga-Ga-bonding orbitals and the solid-state arrangement of the ions constituting the lattice as an almost orthohexagonal AX5 lattice, possibly the aristotype of any 5:1 salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Glootz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Weis P, Riddlestone IM, Scherer H, Krossing I. Coordination Chemistry of P 4 S 3 and P 4 Se 3 towards the Iron Fragments [Fe(Cp)(CO) 2 ] + and [Fe(Cp)(PPh 3 )(CO)] . Chemistry 2019; 25:12159-12168. [PMID: 31287589 PMCID: PMC6771638 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The complexes Ag(L)n [WCA] (L=P4 S3 , P4 Se3 , As4 S3 , and As4 S4 ; [WCA]=[Al(ORF )4 ]- and [F{Al(ORF )3 }2 ]- ; RF =C(CF3 )3 ; WCA=weakly coordinating anion) were tested for their performance as ligand-transfer reagents to transfer the poorly soluble nortricyclane cages P4 S3 , P4 Se3 , and As4 S3 as well as realgar As4 S4 to different transition-metal fragments. As4 S4 and As4 S3 with the poorest solubility did not yield complexes. However, the more soluble silver-coordinated P4 S3 and P4 Se3 cages were transferred to the electron-poor Fp+ moiety ([CpFe(CO)2 ]+ ). Thus, reaction of the silver salt in the presence of the ligand with Fp-Br yielded [Fp-P4 S3 ][Al(ORF )4 ] (1 a), [Fp-P4 S3 ][F(Al(ORF )3 )2 ] (1 b), and [Fp-P4 Se3 ][Al(ORF )4 ] (2). Reactions with P4 S3 also yielded [FpPPh3 -P4 S3 ][Al(ORF )4 ] (3), a complex with the more electron-rich monophosphine-substituted Fp+ analogue [FpPPh3 ]+ ([CpFe(PPh3 )(CO)]+ ). All complex salts were characterized by single-crystal XRD, NMR, Raman, and IR spectroscopy. Interestingly, they show characteristic blueshifts of the vibrational modes of the cage, as well as structural contractions of the cages upon coordination to the Fp/FpPPh3 moieties, which oppose the typically observed cage expansions that lead to redshifts in the spectra. Structure, bonding, and thermodynamics were investigated by DFT calculations, which support the observed cage contractions. Its reason is assigned to σ and π donation from the slightly P-P and P-E antibonding P4 E3 -cage HOMO (e symmetry) to the metal acceptor fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Weis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | | | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
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9
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Wiesner A, Fischer L, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Riedel S. Oxygen-Bridged Ga 2 (Et) 3 (OTeF 5 ) 3 and the Weakly Coordinating Anions [Ga(Et)(OTeF 5 ) 3 ] - and [Ga(OTeF 5 ) 4 ] . Chemistry 2019; 25:10441-10449. [PMID: 31090983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Salts of the weakly coordinating anions [Ga(OTeF5 )4 ]- as well as [Ga(Et)(OTeF5 )3 ]- and the neutral Ga2 (Et)3 (OTeF5 )3 were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ga2 (Et)3 (OTeF5 )3 was formed by treating GaEt3 with pentafluoroorthotelluric acid (HOTeF5 ) and reacted with PPh4 Cl and CPh3 Cl to [PPh4 ][Ga(Et)(OTeF5 )3 ] and [CPh3 ][Ga(Et)(OTeF5 )3 ]. In contrast, Ag[Ga(OTeF5 )4 ] was prepared from AgOTeF5 and GaCl3 and was used as a versatile starting material for further reactions. Starting with Ag[Ga(OTeF5 )4 ] the substrates [PPh4 ][Ga(OTeF5 )4 ] and [CPh3 ][Ga(OTeF5 )4 ] were formed from PPh4 Cl and CPh3 Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wiesner
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Schwab MM, Himmel D, Kacprzak S, Yassine Z, Kratzert D, Felbek C, Weber S, Krossing I. Isolated Cationic Organometallic Nickel(I) Arene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Schwab
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sylwia Kacprzak
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Zeinab Yassine
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christina Felbek
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) Albertstr. 19 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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11
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Meier SC, Himmel D, Krossing I. How does the Environment Influence a Given Cation? A Systematic Investigation of [Co(CO) 5 ] + in Gas Phase, Solution, and Solid State. Chemistry 2018; 24:19348-19360. [PMID: 30259588 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IR spectroscopic studies of the gaseous metal carbonyl cations [Co(CO)5 ]+ ⋅mCO (m=1-4) indicated that the weakly bound CO molecules in a second coordination sphere perturb the structure of [Co(CO)5 ]+ causing the CO stretching frequencies ν(CO) to become noticeably redshifted. In this work, we aimed to establish the relationship between such gas phase IR spectra and those recorded in condensed phases, either as a solid salt or as a solution in the weakly basic solvent o-difluorobenzene. For this purpose, a series of [Co(CO)5 ]+ [WCA]- salts (WCA=weakly coordinating anion), with the counterions varying between more coordinating (WCA=F-Al(ORF )3 , (RF O)3 Al-F-Al(F)(ORF )2 ; RF =C(CF3 )3 ) and almost non-coordinating (WCA=Al(ORF )4 , F{Al(ORF )3 }2 ), were synthesized and characterized by vibrational spectroscopy as well as X-ray structure analysis. The experimental spectra differ considerably from that of the undisturbed gaseous [Co(CO)5 ]+ ion, as the structural deformation of [Co(CO)5 ]+ requires very little energy. Together with previously reported data, the perturbed condensed phase [Co(CO)5 ]+ ions were analyzed and compared with the gaseous [Co(CO)5 ]+ ⋅mCO ions. DFT calculations were performed on simply adapted [Co(CO)5 ]+ structures to allow the assignment of all the ν(CO) modes and a qualitative interpretation of structural deformations by external influences as a function of the environment (ligands, solvation, crystal packing). The analysis showed that especially the degenerate E' mode νe and the averaged asymmetric equatorial CO stretch ν ‾ e , which originates from a split of the E' mode, are a function of the interaction with the environment. Whereas for the more coordinating counterions ν ‾ e values of 2112-2120 cm-1 were obtained, for the less coordinating counterions ν ‾ e values of up to 2133 cm-1 were found, which is very close to that of gaseous [Co(CO)5 ]+ ⋅4CO, with a ν ‾ e value of 2135 cm-1 . This indicates the possibility of approximating the gas phase conditions in the condensed phases with the [Co(CO)5 ]+ ion probably being the prototypical probe molecule for investigating the strengths of interactions in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan C Meier
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Gesevičius D, Neels A, Yakunin S, Hack E, Kovalenko MV, Nüesch F, Heier J. Superweak Coordinating Anion as Superstrong Enhancer of Cyanine Organic Semiconductor Properties. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3356-3363. [PMID: 30485632 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The superweak tetrakis(nonafluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate coordinating anion was employed to introduce pseudo-gas-phase conditions to the 2-[5-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chromophore. The resulting formation of a photoactive organic-inorganic hybrid salt has led to a highly stabilized excited state of the organic chromophore mainly due to the minimized lattice energy and Coulomb interactions. These highly beneficial features caused by the well dispersed negative charge of the anion have led to an enhanced neat spin-casted film fluorescence intensity, prolonged fluorescence lifetime, smooth thin film surfaces and a record power photovoltaic efficiency of 3.8 % when compared to organic salts of this particular chromophore containing anions with localised negative charge. Clear evidence is given that a superweak coordinating anion is an emerging key parameter in cyanine dye photochemistry. This approach can be seen as a general guideline to prepare highly efficient ionic dyes for organic semiconductor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Gesevičius
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Laboratory for thin films and photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Hack
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for thin films and photovoltaics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Frank Nüesch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Heier
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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13
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Weis P, Scherer H, Krossing I. Using Me3Si-F-Al(ORF)3and Me3Si-Cl as Methylating Agents - Synthesis and Characterization of SeMeCl2[F{Al(ORF)3}2]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Weis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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14
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Kösters J, Galéa-Clolus V, Clolus P, Heying B, Pöttgen R. Orthorhombic sulfur from Cap Garonne, Mine du Pradet. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural orthorhombic sulfur (α-S8), grown on galena crystals from Cap Garonne, Mine du Pradet, France, were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction at 150 K: Fddd, a=1036.75(5), b=1273.54(7), c=2437.85(13) pm, wR=0.0380, 1433 F
2 values (all data) and 37 variables. Refinements of the occupancy parameters along with EDX data indicate pure sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | | | | | - Birgit Heying
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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15
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Weis P, Hettich C, Kratzert D, Krossing I. Homoleptic Silver Complexes of the Cages P
4
Se
3
and As
4
S
3. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Weis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Clarissa Hettich
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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16
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Die Schöne (WCA) und das (kationische) Biest: Neues aus der Chemie von und mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
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17
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Taming the Cationic Beast: Novel Developments in the Synthesis and Application of Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13982-14024. [PMID: 29266644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review gives a comprehensive overview of the most topical weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) and contains information on WCA design, stability, and applications. As an update to the 2004 review, developments in common classes of WCA are included. Methods for the incorporation of WCAs into a given system are discussed and advice given on how to best choose a method for the introduction of a particular WCA. A series of starting materials for a large number of WCA precursors and references are tabulated as a useful resource when looking for procedures to prepare WCAs. Furthermore, a collection of scales that allow the performance of a WCA, or its underlying Lewis acid, to be judged is collated with some advice on how to use them. The examples chosen to illustrate WCA developments are taken from a broad selection of topics where WCAs play a role. In addition a section focusing on transition metal and catalysis applications as well as supporting electrolytes is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Weis P, Kratzert D, Krossing I. Silver Coordination Chemistry of the Weakly Basic Cage As
4
S
4. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Weis
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 10 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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20
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Gromilov SA, Piryazev DA, Egorov NB, Akimov DV. X-ray diffraction study of α-34S within temperature range 100–363 K. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616080230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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22
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Nie L, Zhang Y, Xiong WW, Lim TT, Xu R, Yan Q, Zhang Q. A surfactant-thermal method to prepare crystalline thioantimonate for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00194c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel crystalline thioantimonate prepared by a surfactant-thermal strategy demonstrates high performance as an anode material for Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nie
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU
| | - Wei-Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P.R. China
| | - Teik-Thye Lim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Rong Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
| | - Qingyu Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
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23
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Shee NK, Adekunle FAO, Verma R, Kumar D, Datta D. A copper(II) complex with a Cu-S₈ bond. Attenuated total reflectance, electron paramagnetic resonance, resonance Raman and atoms-in-molecule calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:96-99. [PMID: 26125988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Green [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline)2OH2](ClO4)2 (1) reacts with yellow elemental sulfur at room temperature in methanol to yield turquoise blue [Cu(1,10-phenanthro-line)2(S8)](ClO4)2 (2). A comparative study of the EPR spectra of 1 and 2 in solid state and in methanol glass indicates that the S8 unit in 2 is bound to the metal. High level DFT calculations show that the cation in 2 is five coordinate, distorted square pyramidal with S8 occupying the apical position. The crucial Cu(II)-S bond is around 2.9Å. Such long Cu(II)-S bonds occur in oxidized plastocyanin where it is considered to be bonding. Presence of a weak Cu-S8 bond is revealed in the resonance Raman spectra of 2. Satisfactory matching of the calculated and experimental IR spectra vindicates the theoretically derived structure of the cation in 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Shee
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700 032, India
| | - Florence A O Adekunle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Ravi Verma
- Department of Applied Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow 226 025, India
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow 226 025, India
| | - Dipankar Datta
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700 032, India.
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24
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Gamrad W, Dreier A, Goddard R, Pörschke KR. Cation-Cation Pairing by NCH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4482-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Gamrad W, Dreier A, Goddard R, Pörschke KR. Selbstassoziation organischer Kationen über NCH⋅⋅⋅O-Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Carravetta M, Concistre M, Levason W, Reid G, Zhang W. Unique Group 1 cations stabilised by homoleptic neutral phosphine coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9555-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique series of distorted octahedral Li+ and Na+ complexes with homoleptic coordination via three chelating neutral diphosphines is described, together with their crystallographic characterisation and solid state and solution multinuclear NMR properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gillian Reid
- Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
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27
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Duan PC, Wang ZY, Chen JH, Yang G, Raptis RG. Trigonal prismatic Cu(I) and Ag(I) pyrazolato nanocage hosts: encapsulation of S8 and hydrocarbon guests. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14951-4. [PMID: 24030812 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two neutral hexanuclear trigonal prismatic cage molecules have been synthesized by coupling two planar triangular M3pz3-panels, M = Cu(I) and Ag(I), in eclipsed geometry. The ~230 Å(3) cage volume can be either vacant or occupied by neutral guests. The crystal structures of the M6-cyclohexane and Ag6-S8 host-guest species have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Duan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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28
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Schaefer J, Himmel D, Krossing I. [Au(η2-C2H4)3]+[Al(ORF)4]-- a Stable Homoleptic (Ethene)gold Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Engesser TA, Hrobárik P, Trapp N, Eiden P, Scherer H, Kaupp M, Krossing I. [TeX3]+ Cations Stabilized by the Weakly Coordinating [Al(ORF)4]− Anion: FIR Spectra, Raman Spectra, and Evaluation of an Abnormal Halogen Dependence of the 125Te NMR Chemical Shifts. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Bulut S, Ab Rani MA, Welton T, Lickiss PD, Krossing I. Preparation of [Al(hfip)4]−-Based Ionic Liquids with Siloxane-Functionalized Cations and Their Physical Properties in Comparison with Their [Tf2N]−Analogues. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1802-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Maslowsky E. Inorganic metallocenes: The structures and aromaticity of sandwich compounds of the transition elements with inorganic rings. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Freudenmann D, Wolf S, Wolff M, Feldmann C. Ionic liquids: new perspectives for inorganic synthesis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11050-60. [PMID: 21990270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are credited with a number of unusual properties. These include a low vapor pressure, a wide liquid-phase range, weakly coordinating properties, and a high thermal/chemical stability. These properties are certainly of great interest for inorganic synthesis and the creation of novel inorganic compounds. On the other hand, the synthesis repertoire for preparing inorganic compounds has always been broad, ranging from syntheses in solutions and melts to solid-state reactions, and from crystal growth in the gas phase to high-pressure syntheses. What new aspects can ionic liquids then add to the synthesis of inorganic compounds? This Minireview uses some early examples to show that the use of ionic liquids indeed provides access to unusual inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Freudenmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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33
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Freudenmann D, Wolf S, Wolff M, Feldmann C. Ionische Flüssigkeiten - neue Perspektiven für die anorganische Synthesechemie? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Köchner T, Trapp N, Engesser TA, Lehner AJ, Röhr C, Riedel S, Knapp C, Scherer H, Krossing I. In-Between Complex and Cluster: A 14-Vertex Cage in [Ag2Se12]2+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11253-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Köchner T, Trapp N, Engesser TA, Lehner AJ, Röhr C, Riedel S, Knapp C, Scherer H, Krossing I. Zwischen Komplex und Cluster: Ein 14-eckiger Käfig in [Ag2Se12]2+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Aris D, Beck J, Decken A, Dionne I, Schmedt auf der Günne J, Hoffbauer W, Köchner T, Krossing I, Passmore J, Rivard E, Steden F, Wang X. Metastable Se6 as a ligand for Ag+: from isolated molecular to polymeric 1D and 2D structures. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5865-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Bulut S, Klose P, Krossing I. Na[B(hfip)4] (hfip = OC(H)(CF3)2): a weakly coordinating anion salt and its first application to prepare ionic liquids. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8114-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Li Y, He J, Khankhoje V, Herdtweck E, Köhler K, Storcheva O, Cokoja M, Kühn FE. Copper(ii) complexes incorporating poly/perfluorinated alkoxyaluminate-type weakly coordinating anions: Syntheses, characterization and catalytic application in stereoselective olefin aziridination. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5746-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Anodic oxidation of organometallic sandwich complexes using [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]− or [AsF6]− as the supporting electrolyte anion. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Bulut S, Klose P, Huang MM, Weingärtner H, Dyson PJ, Laurenczy G, Friedrich C, Menz J, Kümmerer K, Krossing I. Synthesis of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids with the Weakly Coordinating [Al(ORF)4]−Anion (RF=C(H)(CF3)2) and the Determination of Their Principal Physical Properties. Chemistry 2010; 16:13139-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Aris D, Beck J, Decken A, Dionne I, Krossing I, Passmore J, Rivard E, Steden F, Wang X. THE METASTABLE PARTIALLY POSITIVELY CHARGED Se6 MOLECULE: PREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION AND X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF [Ag2(Se6)(SO2)2][Sb(OTeF5)6]2, [Ag2Se6][AsF6]2 AND [AgSe6][Ag2(SbF6)3]. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500490427367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Aris
- a University of New Brunswick , Fredericton, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Rivard
- a University of New Brunswick , Fredericton, Canada
| | | | - Xinping Wang
- a University of New Brunswick , Fredericton, Canada
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Kuprat M, Lehmann M, Schulz A, Villinger A. Synthesis of Pentafluorophenyl Silver by Means of Lewis Acid Catalysis: Structure of Silver Solvent Complexes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om901063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kuprat
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Lehmann
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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43
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Cameron TS, Nikiforov GB, Passmore J, Rautiainen JM. Preparation, structure and analysis of the bonding in the molecular entity (OSO)2Li{[AlF(ORF)3]Li[Al(ORF)4]} (RF = C(CF3)3). Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2587-96. [DOI: 10.1039/b923291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reisinger A, Trapp N, Knapp C, Himmel D, Breher F, Rüegger H, Krossing I. SilverâEthene Complexes [Ag(η2-C2H4)n][Al(ORF)4] withn=1, 2, 3 (RF=Fluorine-Substituted Group). Chemistry 2009; 15:9505-20. [PMID: 19693753 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisinger
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Santiso-Quiñones G, Higelin A, Schaefer J, Brückner R, Knapp C, Krossing I. Cu[Al(ORF)4] Starting Materials and their Application in the Preparation of [Cu(Sn)]+(n=12, 8) Complexes. Chemistry 2009; 15:6663-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Decken A, Knapp C, Nikiforov G, Passmore J, Rautiainen J, Wang X, Zeng X. Silver(I) Complexes of the Weakly Coordinating Solvents SO2and CH2Cl2: Crystal Structures, Bonding, and Energetics of [Ag(OSO)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4], [Ag(OSO)2/2][SbF6], and [Ag(CH2Cl2)2][SbF6]. Chemistry 2009; 15:6504-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Raabe I, Wagner K, Guttsche K, Wang M, Grätzel M, Santiso-Quiñones G, Krossing I. Tetraalkylammonium Salts of Weakly Coordinating Aluminates: Ionic Liquids, Materials for Electrochemical Applications and Useful Compounds for Anion Investigation. Chemistry 2009; 15:1966-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Santiso-Quiñones G, Brückner R, Knapp C, Dionne I, Passmore J, Krossing I. Cyclododecasulfur as a Ligand: From Gas-Phase Experiments to the Crystal Structures of [Cu(S12)(S8)]+and [Cu(S12)(CH2Cl2)]+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Santiso-Quiñones G, Brückner R, Knapp C, Dionne I, Passmore J, Krossing I. Cyclododecasulfur as a Ligand: From Gas-Phase Experiments to the Crystal Structures of [Cu(S12)(S8)]+and [Cu(S12)(CH2Cl2)]+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1133-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Himmel D, Trapp N, Krossing I, Altmannshofer S, Herz V, Eickerling G, Scherer W. Reply. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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