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Rinn N, Rojas-León I, Peerless B, Gowrisankar S, Ziese F, Rosemann NW, Pilgrim WC, Sanna S, Schreiner PR, Dehnen S. Adamantane-type clusters: compounds with a ubiquitous architecture but a wide variety of compositions and unexpected materials properties. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9438-9509. [PMID: 38939157 PMCID: PMC11206280 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The research into adamantane-type compounds has gained momentum in recent years, yielding remarkable new applications for this class of materials. In particular, organic adamantane derivatives (AdR4) or inorganic adamantane-type compounds of the general formula [(RT)4E6] (R: organic substituent; T: group 14 atom C, Si, Ge, Sn; E: chalcogenide atom S, Se, Te, or CH2) were shown to exhibit strong nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, either second-harmonic generation (SHG) or an unprecedented type of highly-directed white-light generation (WLG) - depending on their respective crystalline or amorphous nature. The (missing) crystallinity, as well as the maximum wavelengths of the optical transitions, are controlled by the clusters' elemental composition and by the nature of the organic groups R. Very recently, it has been additionally shown that cluster cores with increased inhomogeneity, like the one in compounds [RSi{CH2Sn(E)R'}3], not only affect the chemical properties, such as increased robustness and reversible melting behaviour, but that such 'cluster glasses' form a conceptually new basis for their use in light conversion devices. These findings are likely only the tip of the iceberg, as beside elemental combinations including group 14 and group 16 elements, many more adamantane-type clusters (on the one hand) and related architectures representing extensions of adamantane-type clusters (on the other hand) are known, but have not yet been addressed in terms of their opto-electronic properties. In this review, we therefore present a survey of all known classes of adanmantane-type compounds and their respective synthetic access as well as their optical properties, if reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rinn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Irán Rojas-León
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Benjamin Peerless
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Saravanan Gowrisankar
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Ferdinand Ziese
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Nils W Rosemann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolf-Christian Pilgrim
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps University Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Simone Sanna
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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2
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Hum G, Phang SJI, Ong HC, León F, Quek S, Khoo YXJ, Li C, Li Y, Clegg JK, Díaz J, Stuparu MC, García F. Main Group Molecular Switches with Swivel Bifurcated to Trifurcated Hydrogen Bond Mode of Action. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37267593 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Artificial molecular machines have captured the full attention of the scientific community since Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart, and Ben Feringa were awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The past and current developments in molecular machinery (rotaxanes, rotors, and switches) primarily rely on organic-based compounds as molecular building blocks for their assembly and future development. In contrast, the main group chemical space has not been traditionally part of the molecular machine domain. The oxidation states and valency ranges within the p-block provide a tremendous wealth of structures with various chemical properties. Such chemical diversity─when implemented in molecular machines─could become a transformative force in the field. Within this context, we have rationally designed a series of NH-bridged acyclic dimeric cyclodiphosphazane species, [(μ-NH){PE(μ-NtBu)2PE(NHtBu)}2] (E = O and S), bis-PV2N2, displaying bimodal bifurcated R21(8) and trifurcated R31(8,8) hydrogen bonding motifs. The reported species reversibly switch their topological arrangement in the presence and absence of anions. Our results underscore these species as versatile building blocks for molecular machines and switches, as well as supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering based on cyclophosphazane frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Hum
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Jia Isabel Phang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - How Chee Ong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felix León
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shina Quek
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Xin Joycelyn Khoo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chenfei Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Cooper Road, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria 8, Oviedo 33006, Asturias, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Fatima A, Singh M, Abualnaja KM, Althubeiti K, Muthu S, Siddiqui N, Javed S. Experimental Spectroscopic, Structural (Monomer and Dimer), Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of 2-Amino-6-Methylpyridine. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Fatima
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of H. Science, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of H. Science, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra, India
| | - Khamael M. Abualnaja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Althubeiti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Muthu
- Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, India
| | - Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India
| | - Saleem Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of H. Science, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra, India
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4
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Pre-arranged building block approach for the orthogonal synthesis of an unfolded tetrameric organic-inorganic phosphazane macrocycle. Commun Chem 2022; 5:59. [PMID: 36697579 PMCID: PMC9814789 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic macrocycles remain challenging synthetic targets due to the limited number of strategies reported for their syntheses. Among these species, large fully inorganic cyclodiphosphazane macrocycles have been experimentally and theoretically highlighted as promising candidates for supramolecular chemistry. In contrast, their hybrid organic-inorganic counterparts are lagging behind due to the lack of synthetic routes capable of controlling the size and topological arrangement (i.e., folded vs unfolded) of the target macrocycle, rendering the synthesis of differently sized macrocycles a tedious screening process. Herein, we report-as a proof-of-concept-the combination of pre-arranged building blocks and a two-step synthetic route to rationally enable access a large unfolded tetrameric macrocycle, which is not accessible via conventional synthetic strategies. The obtained macrocycle hybrid cyclodiphosphazane macrocycle, cis-[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2(μ-p-OC6H4C(O)O)]4[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2 (4), displays an unfolded open-face cavity area of 110.1 Å2. Preliminary theoretical host-guest studies with the dication [MeNC5H4]22+ suggest compound 4 as a viable candidate for the synthesis of hybrid proto-rotaxanes species based on phosphazane building blocks.
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5
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2-Amino-6-methylpyridine based co-crystal salt formation using succinic acid: Single-crystal analysis and computational exploration. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Tan D, Ng ZX, Sim Y, Ganguly R, García F. cis-Cyclodiphosph(v/v)azanes as highly stable and robust main group supramolecular building blocks. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bench-top stable cis-cyclodiphosph(v/v)azanes are demonstrated to form robust R21(8) bifurcated hydrogen-bonds and PSe⋯Br halogen bonds. This work highlights the potential of cyclodiphosph(v/v)azane building blocks in creating new supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Zi Xuan Ng
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Ying Sim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
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7
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Gečiauskaitė AA, García F. Main group mechanochemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2068-2077. [PMID: 29062428 PMCID: PMC5647729 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, mechanochemistry has emerged as a powerful methodology in the search for sustainable alternatives to conventional solvent-based synthetic routes. Mechanochemistry has already been successfully applied to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), organic compounds, metal oxides, coordination compounds and organometallic complexes. In the main group arena, examples of synthetic mechanochemical methodologies, whilst still relatively sporadic, are on the rise. This short review provides an overview of recent advances and achievements in this area that further validate mechanochemistry as a credible alternative to solution-based methods for the synthesis of main group compounds and frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agota A Gečiauskaitė
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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8
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Shi YX, Xu K, Clegg JK, Ganguly R, Hirao H, Friščić T, García F. The First Synthesis of the Sterically Encumbered Adamantoid Phosphazane P
4
(N
t
Bu)
6
: Enabled by Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan X. Shi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane, St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
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9
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Shi YX, Xu K, Clegg JK, Ganguly R, Hirao H, Friščić T, García F. The First Synthesis of the Sterically Encumbered Adamantoid Phosphazane P4 (N(t) Bu)6 : Enabled by Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12736-40. [PMID: 27539926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
All reported attempts to synthesize the tert-butyl-substituted adamantoid phosph(III)azane P4 (N(t) Bu)6 have failed, leading to the classification of this molecule as inaccessible and a literature example of steric control in chemistry of phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. We now demonstrate that this structure is readily accessible by a solvent-free mechanochemical milling approach, highlighting the importance of mechanochemical reaction environments in evaluating chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan X Shi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Breuers V, Frank W. The crystal structure of 2-chloro-1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,3,2λ 3,4-diazaphosphasiletidine. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C20H28ClN2PSi, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 16.811(3) Å, b = 14.357(3) Å, c = 17.523(3) Å, V = 4229.3(14) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0429, wR
ref(F2
) = 0.1233, T = 123(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Breuers
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Abstract
This short review describes the transition metal chemistry of cyclodiphosphazanes.
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12
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Roth T, Vasilenko V, Wadepohl H, Wright DS, Gade LH. Structures, Electronics, and Reactivity of Strained Phosphazane Cages: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:7636-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Roth
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladislav Vasilenko
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic S. Wright
- Chemistry
Department, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Kornev AN, Zolotareva NV, Sushev VV, Cherkasov AV, Abakumov GA. Interaction of phosphorus trichloride with triethylamine. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Shi YX, Liang RZ, Martin KA, Star DG, Díaz J, Li XY, Ganguly R, García F. Steric C–N bond activation on the dimeric macrocycle [{P(μ-NR)}2(μ-NR)]2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16468-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dimeric macrocyclophosphazane [{P(μ-NtBu)}2(μ-NtBu)]2 ( 1) was reacted with elemental selenium. An unexpected C–N cleavage reaction occurred producing P4(μ-NtBu)3(μ-NH)3Se4 ( 2). The C–N bond cleavage is driven by the high steric ring strain present within the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan X. Shi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Rong Z. Liang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Katherine A. Martin
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Daniel G. Star
- Chemistry Department
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Facultad de Veterinaria
- Universidad de Extremadura
- Cáceres 10071
- Spain
| | - Xin Y. Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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15
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Roth T, Wadepohl H, Wright DS, Gade LH. Chiral ditopic cyclophosphazane (CycloP) ligands: synthesis, coordination chemistry, and application in asymmetric catalysis. Chemistry 2013; 19:13823-37. [PMID: 24038171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of dichlorocyclophosphazanes [{ClP(μ-NR)}2 ] containing chiral and achiral R groups was obtained from simple commercially available amines and PCl3 . Their condensation reactions with axially chiral biaryl diols yielded ansa-bridged chiral cyclophosphazane (CycloP) ligands. This highly modular methodology allows extensive elaboration of the ligand set, in which the chirality can be introduced at the diol bridge and/or the amido R group. This provides the possibility to observe match and mismatch effects in catalysis. A series of twenty CycloP ligands was synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, elemental analysis, and in selected cases, single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These studies show that all of the ditopic CycloP ligands are C2 symmetric, rendering their metal coordination sites symmetry equivalent. Two well-established enantioselective reactions were explored by using late-transition metal CycloP complexes as catalysts; the gold-catalyzed hydroamination of γ-allenyl sulfonamides and the asymmetric nickel-catalyzed three-component coupling of a diene and an aldehyde. The steric demands of the CycloP ligands have a subtle influence on the reactivity and selectivity observed in both reactions. Good enantiomeric ratios (e.r.) as high as 89:11 in the gold-catalyzed reaction and 92:8 in the nickel-catalyzed bis-homoallylation reaction were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Roth
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6221-54-5609
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16
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A growing family: New structures of coordination polymers containing adamantane-shaped phosphorus–nitrogen cage ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Bladt H, Gonzalez Calera S, Goodman JM, Less RJ, Naseri V, Steiner A, Wright DS. The regioselective photochemical rearrangement of α-[PNtBu]4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6637-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b914370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Abstract
This critical review covers significant recent advances in the chemistry of pnictogen(III)-nitrogen ring systems, also known as cyclopnict(III)azanes. The synthetic methodologies and reactions of the heavier pnictogen systems are compared with the well-developed chemistry of cyclophosph(III)azanes. Particular attention is focused on ring-oligomerization processes and the use of four-membered E(2)N(2) rings as building blocks for the synthesis of macrocyclic molecules. Main-group element and transition-metal complexes are also discussed (95 references).
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19
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Prabusankar G, Palanisami N, Murugavel R, Butcher RJ. Sterically encumbered acyclic diphosphazanes: synthesis, conformations and coordination behavior. Dalton Trans 2006:2140-6. [PMID: 16625259 DOI: 10.1039/b516316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between lambda3-diphosphazane [EtN(PCl2)2] and the sodium salts of substituted phenols affords sterically encumbered diphosphazanes [EtN{P(OR)2}2] (R = -C6H3iPr2-2,6 (1), -C6H3Me2-2,6 (2) and -C6H2Me3-2,4,6 (3)). When the same reaction was carried out with bulky sodium 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide, only a monosubstitution takes place to result in the formation of [EtN{PCl(OR)}2] (R = -C6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4) (4). Further reaction of 2 with [Mo(CO)4(NBD)] produces cis-[(EtN{P(OC6H3Me2-2,6)2}2)Mo(CO)4] (5). Diphosphazanes 1-4 and the metal derivative 5 have been characterized by means of their analytical data and EI-MS, IR and multinuclear NMR (1H and 31P) spectral data. The solid-state structure of the diphosphazanes 1, 2 and 4, and the molybdenum complex 5 have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Irrespective of the size of substituent, the bulky groups on the phosphorus and nitrogen are on the same side of the P-N-P skeleton with a local C2v symmetry. The central nitrogen remains almost trigonal planar in all the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Prabusankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
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Richards PI, Steiner A. A Spirocyclic System Comprising Both Phosphazane and Phosphazene Rings. Inorg Chem 2004; 44:275-81. [PMID: 15651873 DOI: 10.1021/ic048665f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of hexakis(cyclohexylamino) cyclotriphosphazene [NP(CyNH)(2)](3), 1, with phosphorus trichloride yields [NP(CyN)(2)PCl](3), 2, which contains three four-membered phosphazane rings fused in spirocyclic fashion to a central six-membered phosphazene ring and constitutes the first structurally characterized compound that comprises both phosphazene and phosphazane rings. The peripheral P atoms feature stereoactive lone pairs, and, thus, 2 exists in isomeric C(3h) and C(s) forms. The spirocyclic phosphazene-phosphazane derivative 2 carries three reactive PCl functions in peripheral positions, promising an interesting precursor molecule for the synthesis of extended phosphorus nitrogen structures of high rigidity. Extension of the PN moiety can be achieved by reaction of 2 with a primary amine yielding [NP(CyN)(2)PN(H)(t)Bu](3), 3, which features a central scaffold of 6 phosphorus and 12 nitrogen centers and aggregates via N-H...P hydrogen bonds in the solid state. On the contrary, the reaction of 1 with SbCl(3) undergoes incomplete proton abstraction, resulting in the formation of the tricyclic compound N(3)P(3)(CyNH)(4)(CyNSbCl(2))(2), 4, which contains two four-coordinate Sb centers chelated by N(exo)-N(ring) sites of the phosphazene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip I Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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Doyle EL, García F, Humphrey SM, Kowenicki RA, Riera L, Woods AD, Wright DS. Steric control in the oligomerisation of phosphazane dimers; towards new phosphorus–nitrogen macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2004:807-12. [PMID: 15252503 DOI: 10.1039/b314790h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [ClP(mu-NtBu)]2 (1) with H2O (1 : 2 equivalents) in the presence of excess Et3N gives the new chain compound [(mu-O)[P(mu-NtBu)2P(H)=O]2] (3), consisting of two P2N2 rings linked by a mu-O atom and terminating in P(V)(H)=O groups. A similar chain species is obtained from the reaction of the lithiate of [(tBuNH)P(mu-NtBu)2P(H)=O] (5) with [ClP(mu-NtBu)2P(NHtBu)] (2), the product being [(mu-O)[P(mu-NtBu)2P(NHtBu)]2] (6). Compounds 3 and 6 are the first examples of O-bridged chain phosphazanes and potential precursors to new phosphorus-nitrogen macrocycles. The syntheses and X-ray structures of 3, 5 and 6 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Doyle
- Chemistry Department,University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB2 1EW
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Bond AD, Doyle EL, García F, Kowenicki RA, McPartlin M, Riera L, Wright DS. Exo-metal coordination by a tricyclic [{P(µ-N-2-NC5H4)}2(µ-O)]2dimer in [{P(µ-N-2-NC5H4)}2(µ-O)]2{CuCl·(C5H5N)2}4{2-NC5H4= 2-pyridyl, C5H5N = pyridine). Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:2990-1. [PMID: 14703822 DOI: 10.1039/b309842g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in situ reaction of the phosphazane dimer [CIP(mu-N-2-NC5H4)]2 (2) with CuCl in the presence of CsH5N/H2O gives the title complex [(P(mu-N-2-NC5H4))2(mu-O)]2(CuCl x (C5H5N)2)4 (1), containing a tricyclic [(P(mu-N-2-NC5H4))2(mu-O)]2 ligand which is isoelectronic with species of the type [(P(mu-NR))2NR]2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Bond
- Chemistry Department, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EW
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