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Cámpora J. Ernesto Carmona: Organometallic Chemistry Pioneer in Southern Europe—A Biographical Outline. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Zhang Y, Schley ND. Reversible alkoxycarbene formation by C-H activation of ethers via discrete, isolable intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2130-2133. [PMID: 28134384 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cationic iridium complex bearing a pendant ether ligand is shown to be in equilibrium with the corresponding dihydridoalkoxycarbene resulting from two consecutive C-H activations. Control of the conditions allows for the crystallographic characterization of all three complexes involved in the interconversion of ether and alkoxycarbene functionalities via sequential oxidative addition and α elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
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3
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Green WL, Sirianni ER, Yap GPA, Riordan CG. Steric and electronic factor comparisons in hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl)borate nickel(II) aryloxides. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2016; 72:791-796. [PMID: 27811413 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616001789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) ligands, also known as scorpionates, are potent tridentate donors that effectively bind metal ions in a face-capping array. Hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl)borate enforces a tetrahedral environment on NiII to model metalloenzymes. The syntheses and structural characterizations of a number of [hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl)borato]nickel(II) aryloxides were performed to provide insight into the environment of the model active site; these compounds are chlorido[hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl-κN2)borato](3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-κN2)nickel(II) chloroform monosolvate, [Ni(C27H22BN6)Cl(C9H8N2)]·CHCl3, (2), [hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl-κN2)borato](phenolato-κO)nickel(II), [Ni(C27H22BN6)(C6H5O)], (3), (2,6-dimethylphenolato-κO)[hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl-κN2)borato]nickel(II) [Ni(C27H22BN6)(C8H9O)], (4), (4-tert-butylphenolato-κO)[hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl-κN2)borato]nickel(II), [Ni(C27H22BN6)(C10H13O)], (5), and [hydrotris(3-phenylpyrazolyl-κN2)borato](phenolato-κO)(tetrahydrofuran-κO)nickel(II) tetrahydrofuran monosolvate, [Ni(C27H22BN6)(C6H5O)(C4H8O)]·C4H8O, (6). Alkyl groups, e.g. tert-butyl in (5) and methyl in (4), electronically activate the aryloxide group to intramolecular π-π stacking but can be frustrated by steric encumbrance at the interacting ring faces. The flexibility at the nickel coordination site, afforded by the uncrowded B atom of the TpPh ligand, allows tetrahydrofuran coordination in the phenolate compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Eric R Sirianni
- Sabine River Laboratory B568, INVISTA, Orange, TX 77631, USA
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Charles G Riordan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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4
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Takemoto S, Oshimo M, Matsuzaka H. Synthesis and reactivity of dinuclear Cp*Ru tert-butylamido and cyclometallated Bis(trimethylsilyl)amido complexes. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Minami Y, Shiraishi Y, Kodama T, Kanda M, Yamada K, Anami T, Hiyama T. Alkynoxy-Directed C–H Functionalizations: Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Annulations of Alkynyl Aryl Ethers with Alkynes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University
- JST, ACT-C
| | | | | | - Mayuko Kanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University
| | | | | | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University
- JST, ACT-C
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6
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Coetzee J, Eastham GR, Slawin AMZ, Cole-Hamilton DJ. Iridium(i) PNP complexes in the sp3C–H bond activation of methyl propanoate and related esters. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1585-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02859g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The utilisation of the PNP iridium pincer complex [Ir(PNP)(COE)][BF4] [PNP = 2,6-bis{(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl}pyridine; COE = cyclooctene] in the sp3C–H activation of methyl propanoate and other related esters was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacorien Coetzee
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- Purdie Building
- University of St. Andrews
- Fife
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7
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Xia Y, Liu Z, Feng S, Zhang Y, Wang J. Ir(III)-Catalyzed Aromatic C–H Bond Functionalization via Metal Carbene Migratory Insertion. J Org Chem 2014; 80:223-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5023102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Yi W, Zhang J, Huang S, Weng L, Zhou X. Reactivity of TpMe2-Supported Yttrium Alkyl Complexes toward Aromatic N-Heterocycles: Ring-Opening or CC Bond Formation Directed by CH Activation. Chemistry 2013; 20:867-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Campos J, Peloso R, Brookhart M, Carmona E. A Cationic Terminal Methylene Complex of Ir(I) Supported by a Pincer Ligand. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400383s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas-Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Riccardo Peloso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas-Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maurice Brookhart
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United
States
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas-Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Kundu S, Choi J, Wang DY, Choliy Y, Emge TJ, Krogh-Jespersen K, Goldman AS. Cleavage of Ether, Ester, and Tosylate C(sp3)–O Bonds by an Iridium Complex, Initiated by Oxidative Addition of C–H Bonds. Experimental and Computational Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5127-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kundu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jongwook Choi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - David Y. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yuriy Choliy
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Karsten Krogh-Jespersen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08903, United States
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11
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Santos LL, Mereiter K, Paneque M. Reaction of 2-Methylanisole with TpMe2Ir(C6H5)2(N2): A Comprehensive Set of Activations. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Quı́micas (IIQ) and Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Quı́micas (IIQ) and Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Quı́micas (IIQ) and Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Crestani MG, Olasz A, Pinter B, Bailey BC, Fortier S, Gao X, Chen CH, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Understanding the competitive dehydroalkoxylation and dehydrogenation of ethers with Ti–C multiple bonds. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Valpuesta JEV, Álvarez E, López-Serrano J, Maya C, Carmona E. Reversible double C-H bond activation of linear and cyclic ethers to form iridium carbenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:13149-59. [PMID: 22962021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The double C-H bond activation of a series of linear and cyclic ethers by the iridium complex [Tp(tol')Ir(C(6)H(5))(N(2))] (2⋅N(2)), which features a cyclometalated hydrotris(3-p-tolylpyrazol-1-yl)borate ligand (Tp(tol')) coordinated in a κ(4)-N,N',N'',C manner, has been studied. Two methyl ethers, namely, Me(2)O and MeOtBu, along with diethyl ether and the cyclic ethers tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran (THP), and 1,4-dioxane have been investigated with formation in every case of the corresponding hydride carbene complexes 3-8, which are stabilized by κ(4)-coordination of the ancillary Tp(tol') ligand. Five of the compounds have been structurally authenticated by X-ray crystallography. A remarkable feature of these rearrangements is the reversibility of the double C-H bond activation of Me(2)O, MeOtBu, Et(2)O, and THP. This has permitted catalytic deuterium incorporation into the methyl groups of the two methyl ethers, although in a rather inefficient manner (for synthetic purposes). Although possible in all cases, C-C coupling by migratory insertion of the carbene into the Ir-C σ bond of the metalated linkage has only been observed for complex 8 that contains a cyclic carbene that results from α,α-C-H activation of 1,4-dioxane. Computational studies on the formation of iridium carbenes are also reported, which show a role for metalated Tp ligands in the double C-H activation and account for the reversibility of the reaction in terms of the relative stability of the reagents and the products of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E V Valpuesta
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Minami Y, Shiraishi Y, Yamada K, Hiyama T. Palladium-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkynyl aryl ethers with internal alkynes via selective ortho C-H activation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6124-7. [PMID: 22455667 DOI: 10.1021/ja301588z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alkynyl aryl ethers react with internal alkynes through selective ortho C-H activation by a palladium(0) catalyst to give substituted 2-methylidene-2H-chromenes. The alkynoxy group acts as a directing group to promote ortho C-H functionalization. Deuterium-labeling experiments indicated that the arylpalladium hydride complex is a key intermediate via oxidative addition. Various functional groups tolerate the present transformation to give the corresponding products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Kasuga, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
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15
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MacDougall TJ, Samant RG, Trepanier SJ, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Cowie M. Geminal Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Activation in Cumulenes Promoted by Adjacent Iridium/Ruthenium Centers. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201201h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J. MacDougall
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Rahul G. Samant
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Steven J. Trepanier
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Martin Cowie
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
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16
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Poyatos M, Prades A, Gonell S, Gusev DG, Peris E. Imidazolidines as hydride sources for the formation of late transition-metal monohydrides. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Prades A, Poyatos M, Mata JA, Peris E. Double CH Bond Activation of C(sp3)H2 Groups for the Preparation of Complexes with Back-to-Back Bisimidazolinylidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Prades A, Poyatos M, Mata JA, Peris E. Double CH Bond Activation of C(sp3)H2 Groups for the Preparation of Complexes with Back-to-Back Bisimidazolinylidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7666-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Different coordination modes of an aryl-substituted hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand in rhodium and iridium complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Kumaran E, Sridevi VS, Leong WK. Orthometalated Amino-Carbene Derivatives of Iridium via Anilines and Terminal Alkynes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elumalai Kumaran
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | | | - Weng Kee Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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21
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Brookes NJ, Whited MT, Ariafard A, Stranger R, Grubbs RH, Yates BF. Factors Dictating Carbene Formation at (PNP)Ir. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J. Brookes
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Matthew T. Whited
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Stranger
- School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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22
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Werner H. Carbene-Transition Metal Complexes Formed by Double CH Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4714-28. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Werner H. Carben-Übergangsmetallkomplexe durch zweifache C-H-Bindungsaktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Conejero S, Paneque M, Poveda ML, Santos LL, Carmona E. C-H bond activation reactions of ethers that generate iridium carbenes. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:572-80. [PMID: 20112992 DOI: 10.1021/ar9002625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Two important objectives in organometallic chemistry are to understand C-H bond activation reactions mediated by transition metal compounds and then to develop efficient ways of functionalizing the resulting products. A particularly ambitious goal is the generation of metal carbenes from simple organic molecules; the synthetic chemist can then take advantage of the almost unlimited reactivity of this metal-organic functionality. This goal remains very difficult indeed with saturated hydrocarbons, but it is considerably more facile for molecules that possess a heteroatom (such as ethers), because coordination of the heteroatom to the metal renders the ensuing C-H activation an intramolecular reaction. In this Account, we focus on the activation reaction of different types of unstrained ethers, both aliphatic and hemiaromatic, by (mostly) iridium compounds. We emphasize our recent results with the Tp(Me2)Ir(C(6)H(5))(2)(N(2)) (1.N(2)) complex (where Tp(Me2) denotes hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate). Most of the reactivity observed with this system, and with related electronically unsaturated iridium species, starts with a C-H activation reaction, which is then followed by reversible alpha-hydrogen elimination. An alpha-C-H bond is, in every instance, broken first; when there is a choice, cleavage of the stronger terminal C(sp(3))-H bonds is always preferred over the weaker internal C(sp(3))-H (methylene) bonds of the ether. Nevertheless, competitive reactions of the unsaturated [Tp(Me2)Ir(C(6)H(5))(2)] iridium intermediate with ethers that contain C(sp(3))-H and C(sp(2))-H bonds are also discussed. We present theoretical evidence for a sigma-complex-assisted metathesis mechanism (sigma-CAM), although for other systems oxidative addition and reductive elimination events can be effective reaction pathways. We also show that additional unusual chemical transformations may occur, depending on the nature of the ether, and can result in C-O and C-C bond-breaking and bond-forming reactions, leading to the formation of more elaborate molecules. Although the possibility of extending these results to saturated hydrocarbons appears to be limited for this iridium system, the findings described in this Account are of fundamental importance for various facets of C-H bond activation chemistry, and with suitable modifications of the ancillary ligands, they could be even broader in scope. We further discuss experimental and theoretical studies on unusual alkene-to-alkylidene equilibria for some of the products obtained in the reactions of iridium complex 1.N(2) with alkyl aryl ethers. The rearrangement involves reversible alpha- and beta-hydrogen eliminations, with a rate-determining metal inversion step (supported by theoretical calculations); the alkylidene is always favored thermodynamically over the alkene. This startling result contrasts with the energetically unfavorable isomerization of free ethene to ethylidene (by about 80 kcal mol(-1)), showing that the tautomerism equilibrium can be directed toward one product or the other by a judicious choice of the transition metal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel L. Poveda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura L. Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Cui P, Chen Y, Borzov MV. Neodymium(iii) phosphinidene complexes supported by pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6886-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c001839b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Whited MT, Grubbs RH. Late metal carbene complexes generated by multiple C-H activations: examining the continuum of M=C bond reactivity. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:1607-16. [PMID: 19624162 DOI: 10.1021/ar900103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unactivated C(sp(3))-H bonds are ubiquitous in organic chemicals and hydrocarbon feedstocks. However, these resources remain largely untapped, and the development of efficient homogeneous methods for hydrocarbon functionalization by C-H activation is an attractive and unresolved challenge for synthetic chemists. Transition-metal catalysis offers an attractive possible means for achieving selective, catalytic C-H functionalization given the thermodynamically favorable nature of many desirable partial oxidation schemes and the propensity of transition-metal complexes to cleave C-H bonds. Selective C-H activation, typically by a single cleavage event to produce M-C(sp(3)) products, is possible through myriad reported transition-metal species. In contrast, several recent reports have shown that late transition metals may react with certain substrates to perform multiple C-H activations, generating M=C(sp(2)) complexes for further elaboration. In light of the rich reactivity of metal-bound carbenes, such a route could open a new manifold of reactivity for catalytic C-H functionalization, and we have targeted this strategy in our studies. In this Account, we highlight several early examples of late transition-metal complexes that have been shown to generate metal-bound carbenes by multiple C-H activations and briefly examine factors leading to the selective generation of metal carbenes through this route. Using these reports as a backdrop, we focus on the double C-H activation of ethers and amines at iridium complexes supported by Ozerov's amidophosphine PNP ligand (PNP = [N(2-P(i)Pr(2)-4-Me-C(6)H(3))(2)](-)), allowing isolation of unusual square-planar iridium(I) carbenes. These species exhibit reactivity that is distinct from the archetypal Fischer and Schrock designations. We present experimental and theoretical studies showing that, like the classical square-planar iridium(I) organometallics, these complexes are best described as nucleophilic at iridium. We discuss the classification of this reactivity in the context of a scheme originally delineated by Roper. These "Roper-type" carbenes perform a number of multiple-bond metatheses leading to atom and group transfer from electrophilic heterocumulene (e.g., CO(2), CS(2), PhNCS) and diazo (e.g., N(2)O, AdN(3)) reagents. In one instance, we have extended this methodology to a process for catalytic C-H functionalization by a double C-H activation-group transfer process. Although the scope of these reactions is currently limited, these new pathways may find broader utility as the reactivity of late-metal carbenes continues to be explored. Examination of alternative transition metals and supporting ligand sets will certainly be important. Nonetheless, our findings show that carbene generation by double C-H activation is a viable strategy for C-H functionalization, leading to products not accessible through traditional C(sp(3))-H activation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Whited
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Meiners J, Friedrich A, Herdtweck E, Schneider S. Facile Double C−H Activation of Tetrahydrofuran by an Iridium PNP Pincer Complex. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9006906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Meiners
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anja Friedrich
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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Whited MT, Zhu Y, Timpa SD, Chen CH, Foxman BM, Ozerov OV, Grubbs RH. Probing the C−H Activation of Linear and Cyclic Ethers at (PNP)Ir. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Whited
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Samuel D. Timpa
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Bruce M. Foxman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Vignolle
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse (France), CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, F-31062 Toulouse, France, and UCR−CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 2957, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Xavier Cattoën
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse (France), CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, F-31062 Toulouse, France, and UCR−CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 2957, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse (France), CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, F-31062 Toulouse, France, and UCR−CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 2957, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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30
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Walker RH, Miller KA, Scott SL, Cygan ZT, Bartolin JM, Kampf JW, Banaszak Holl MM. Silylene- and Germylene-Mediated C−H Activation: Reaction with Alkanes, Ethers, and Amines. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900182z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randon H. Walker
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Karla A. Miller
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Sara L. Scott
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Zuzanna T. Cygan
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Jeffrey M. Bartolin
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Jeff W. Kampf
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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31
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Allen OR, Dalgarno SJ, Field LD, Jensen P, Willis AC. Insertion of CO2 into the Ru−C Bonds of cis- and trans-Ru(dmpe)2Me2 (dmpe = Me2PCH2CH2PMe2). Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Allen
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2033, Australia, School of EPS−Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Scott J. Dalgarno
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2033, Australia, School of EPS−Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Leslie D. Field
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2033, Australia, School of EPS−Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Paul Jensen
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2033, Australia, School of EPS−Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2033, Australia, School of EPS−Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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32
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Paneque M, Poveda ML, Santos LL, Carmona E, Mereiter K. Generation of Metallacyclic Structures from the Reactions of Vinyl Ethers with a TpMe2IrIII Compound. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800844x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel L. Poveda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura L. Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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33
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Whited MT, Grubbs RH. Synthesis and Reactivity of Iridium(III) Dihydrido Aminocarbenes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Whited
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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34
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Romero PE, Whited MT, Grubbs RH. Multiple C−H Activations of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether at Pincer Iridium Complexes: Synthesis and Thermolysis of Ir(I) Fischer Carbenes1. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8003515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio E. Romero
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Matthew T. Whited
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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35
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Whited MT, Grubbs RH. Oxygen-Atom Transfer from Carbon Dioxide to a Fischer Carbene at (PNP)Ir. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5874-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja801865c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Whited
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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36
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Crossley IR. The Organometallic Chemistry of Group 9 Poly(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(07)56004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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Baya M, Eguillor B, Esteruelas MA, Lledós A, Oliván M, Oñate E. Coordination and Rupture of Methyl C(sp3)−H Bonds in Osmium−Polyhydride Complexes with δ Agostic Interaction. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700509d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baya
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Unitat de Química Física, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Eguillor
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Unitat de Química Física, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Unitat de Química Física, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Unitat de Química Física, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Unitat de Química Física, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Unitat de Química Física, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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38
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Álvarez E, Paneque M, Petronilho AG, Poveda ML, Santos LL, Carmona E, Mereiter K. Activation of Aliphatic Ethers by TpMe2Ir Compounds: Multiple C−H Bond Activation and C−C Bond Formation. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om0609822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana G. Petronilho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel L. Poveda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura L. Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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39
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Carrión MC, García-Vaquero E, Jalón FA, Manzano BR, Weissensteiner W, Mereiter K. Formation of Fischer-Type Aminocarbenes by a Double C−H Bond Activation of a Methylamino Group. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060314g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Carrión
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernesto García-Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Weissensteiner
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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40
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Salem H, Ben-David Y, Shimon LJW, Milstein D. Exclusive C−C Activation and an Apparent α-H Elimination with a Rhodium Phosphinite Pincer Complex. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060005q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiyam Salem
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Unit of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yehoshoa Ben-David
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Unit of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Unit of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Unit of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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41
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Ilg K, Paneque M, Poveda ML, Rendón N, Santos LL, Carmona E, Mereiter K. Vinylidene Compounds from the Reactions of Me3SiC⋮CSiMe3 with TpMe2Ir Precursors. Protonation to Alkylidene and Iridabenzene Structures. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om050634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ilg
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel L. Poveda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura L. Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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42
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López JA, Mereiter K, Paneque M, Poveda ML, Serrano O, Trofimenko S, Carmona E. Unusual fragmentation of CH2Cl2by an Ir(iii) centre bonded to a doubly metalated TpMsLigand (TpMs= hydrotris(3-mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)borate). Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3921-3. [PMID: 17268671 DOI: 10.1039/b608293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ir(III) compound Tp(Ms'')Ir(N2), that contains a pentadentate, doubly metalated 3-mesityl substituted tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand, induces the cleavage of C-H and C-Cl bonds of CH2Cl2 to yield a highly electrophilic chlorocarbene Ir=C(H)Cl complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A López
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Instituto de, Investigaciones Científicas, Cerro de la Venada s/n, Col. Pueblito de Rocha, Guanajuato, México
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43
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Li X, Chen P, Faller JW, Crabtree RH. Cycloiridation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones, Esters, and Acetophenone. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050441x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Jack W. Faller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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44
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Ingleson MJ, Yang X, Pink M, Caulton KG. [(tBu2PCH2SiMe2)2N]RuCH3: The Origin of Extremely Facile, Double H−C(sp3) Activation Generating a “Hydrido-Carbene” Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10846-7. [PMID: 16076187 DOI: 10.1021/ja052973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The four-coordinate compound [(tBu2PCH2SiMe2)2N]RuCH3 undergoes rapid double H-C(sp3) activation at -78 degrees C to generate a "hydrido-carbene" complex. DFT calculations suggest that the origin of the low barrier to methane elimination is an alpha-agostic interaction in the low-lying singlet state of the highly unsaturated (PNP)RuMe. The hydrido-carbene complex can be viewed as a "masked" resting state of the four-coordinate cyclometalated alkyl complex, [(tBu2PCH2SiMe2)N(Me2SiCH2P(tBu)(C(CH3)2CH2)]Ru, where hydride migration from metal to carbon occurs before any subsequent reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ingleson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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45
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Grotjahn DB, Hoerter JM, Hubbard JL. Double C−H Activation during Functionalization of Phenyl(methyl)ketene on Iridium(I) Using Alkynes. Synthesis of 1,4-Dien-3-ones. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8866-7. [PMID: 15264796 DOI: 10.1021/ja048489+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Under the influence of an Ir(I) metal fragment, the methyl group of phenyl(methyl)ketene undergoes two C-H activations in reacting with internal alkynes, giving metallacycles 3 in 86-94% yield. Treatment of 3 with CO liberates 1,4-dien-3-ones 5 in 81-93% yield, along with CO complex 4. A possible mechanism for the very selective double C-H activation-alkyne coupling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, USA.
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46
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Deuterium labeling of norbornene derivatives by iridium catalyzed H/D exchange catalysis. Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Rodríguez P, Díaz-Requejo MM, Belderrain TR, Trofimenko S, Nicasio MC, Pérez PJ. Alkane Dehydrogenation by Sequential, Double C−H Bond Activation by TpBr3Ir(C2H4)2 (TpBr3 = hydrotris(3,4,5-tribromo)pyrazolylborate). Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om034242u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Tomás R. Belderrain
- Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Swiatoslaw Trofimenko
- Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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48
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Abura T, Ogo S, Watanabe Y, Fukuzumi S. Isolation and crystal structure of a water-soluble iridium hydride: a robust and highly active catalyst for acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenations of carbonyl compounds in acidic media. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:4149-54. [PMID: 12670237 DOI: 10.1021/ja0288237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the isolation and structural determination of a water-soluble hydride complex [Cp*Ir(III)(bpy)H](+) (1, Cp* = eta(5)-C(5)Me(5), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) that serves as a robust and highly active catalyst for acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenations of carbonyl compounds at pH 2.0-3.0 at 70 degrees C. The catalyst 1 was synthesized from the reaction of a precatalyst [Cp*Ir(III)(bpy)(OH(2))](2+) (2) with hydrogen donors HCOOX (X = H or Na) in H(2)O under controlled conditions (2.0 < pH < 6.0, 25 degrees C) which avoid protonation of the hydrido ligand of 1 below pH ca. 1.0 and deprotonation of the aqua ligand of 2 above pH ca. 6.0 (pK(a) value of 2 = 6.6). X-ray analysis shows that complex 1 adopts a distorted octahedral geometry with the Ir atom coordinated by one eta(5)-Cp*, one bidentate bpy, and one terminal hydrido ligand that occupies a bond position. The isolation of 1 allowed us to investigate the robust ability of 1 in acidic media and reducing ability of 1 in the reaction with carbonyl compounds under both stoichiometric and catalytic conditions. The rate of the acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation is drastically dependent on pH of the solution, reaction temperature, and concentration of HCOOH. The effect of pH on the rate of the transfer hydrogenation is rationalized by the pH-dependent formation of 1 and activation process of the carbonyl compounds by protons. High turnover frequencies of the acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenations at pH 2.0-3.0 are ascribed not only to nucleophilicity of 1 toward the carbonyl groups activated by protons but also to a protonic character of the hydrido ligand of 1 that inhibits the protonation of the hydrido ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Abura
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, PRESTO & CREST, Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Suita 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Ng SM, Lam WH, Mak CC, Tsang CW, Jia G, Lin Z, Lau CP. C−H Bond Activation by a Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borato Ruthenium Hydride Complex. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0209024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu Man Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Han Lam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chuen Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Wai Tsang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Po Lau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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50
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Santos LL, Mereiter K, Paneque M, Slugovc C, Carmona E. C–H bond activation reactions by TpMe2Ir(iii) centres. Generation of Fischer-type carbenes and development of a catalytic system for H/D exchange. NEW J CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b209324c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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