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Koch A, Krieck S, Görls H, Westerhausen M. 5-Methyl-2-thienylcalcium iodide. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12534-12539. [PMID: 29725683 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of 2-bromo- and 3-bromothiophene with calcium powder gives impure thienylcalcium complexes due to interference of various subsequent metalation and calcium-halogen exchange reactions as well as ether degradation. Therefore, calcium-iodine exchange succeeds via the reaction of trimethylsilylmethylcalcium halide with 3-iodothiophene in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C in the presence of chloro-trimethylsilane, leading to the quantitative formation of 3-(trimethylsilyl)thiophene. The synthesis and isolation of a thienylcalcium halide, a heavy Grignard reagent with a thienyl group, is possible via the reduction of 2-iodo-5-methylthiophene with activated calcium in THF. Substitution of the thf ligands in 5-methyl-2-thienylcalcium iodide ([5-MeThien-2-Ca(thf)4I], 1) by dissolution in tetrahydropyran (THP) leads to the thp complex of 5-methyl-2-thienylcalcium iodide ([5-MeThien-2-Ca(thp)4I], 2). A low field shift of the calcium-bound carbon atom is characteristic of thienylcalcium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Peltzer RM, Eisenstein O, Nova A, Cascella M. How Solvent Dynamics Controls the Schlenk Equilibrium of Grignard Reagents: A Computational Study of CH3MgCl in Tetrahydrofuran. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4226-4237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M. Peltzer
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
(CTCC), University of Oslo, Postbox 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
(CTCC), University of Oslo, Postbox 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, cc 1501, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ainara Nova
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
(CTCC), University of Oslo, Postbox 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michele Cascella
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
(CTCC), University of Oslo, Postbox 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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Björemark PM, Jönsson J, Håkansson M. Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis: Viedma Ripening of [Co(bpy)3](2+) and Solvent-Free Oxidation to [Co(bpy)3](3.). Chemistry 2015; 21:10630-3. [PMID: 26176794 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of [Co(bpy)3](2+) yield racemic solutions because the Δ- and Λ-enantiomers are stereochemically labile. However, crystallization and attrition-enhanced deracemization can give homochiral crystal batches of either handedness in quantitative yield. Subsequently, solvent-free oxidation with bromine vapour fixes the chirality because [Co(bipy)3](3+) does not enantiomerize in solution at ambient temperature. This combination of Viedma ripening and the labile/inert Co(II)/Co(III) couple constitutes a convenient method of absolute asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Martin Björemark
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Johan Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Mikael Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden).
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Björemark PM, Olsson S, Kokoli T, Håkansson M. Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of a Tetrahedral Silver Complex. Chemistry 2015; 21:8750-3. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Olsson S, Björemark PM, Kokoli T, Sundberg J, Lennartson A, McKenzie CJ, Håkansson M. Absolute asymmetric synthesis: protected substrate oxidation. Chemistry 2015; 21:5211-9. [PMID: 25677197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Three new conglomerates incorporating bidentate sulfide ligands coordinated by Ru(II) centers have been prepared. Total spontaneous resolution by slow crystallization gives highly enantioenriched crystal batches, which are used in enantioselective oxidation of the sulfide ligands to give chiral sulfoxide complexes with >98 % ee. All relevant stereoisomers have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, CD spectroscopy, and chiral HPLC. If the ligand range can be extended to monodentate sulfides, a large-scale and recyclable process for enantioselective oxidation of sulfides can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden)
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Köhler M, Görls H, Langer J, Westerhausen M. 1-Alkenylcalcium Iodide: Synthesis and Stability. Chemistry 2014; 20:5237-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Olsson S, Lennartson A, Håkansson M. Spontaneous resolution versus formation of racemic crystals of indenylpotassium complexes. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Olsson S, Lennartson A, Håkansson M. Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Organozinc Reagents, Followed by Highly Enantioselective Chlorination. Chemistry 2013; 19:12415-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kokoli T, Olsson S, Björemark PM, Persson S, Håkansson M. Toward absolute asymmetric synthesis of coordination polymers with bidentate sulfide ligands. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Haketa Y, Honsho Y, Seki S, Maeda H. Ion materials comprising planar charged species. Chemistry 2012; 18:7016-20. [PMID: 22570060 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Haketa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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Blair V, Kennedy A, Mulvey R, O'Hara C. Sodium-Mediated Magnesiation of Thiophene and Tetrahydrothiophene: Structural Contrasts with Furan and Tetrahydrofuran. Chemistry 2010; 16:8600-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lennartson A, Sundberg J, Wiklund T, Hilmersson G, Håkansson M. Spontaneous Resolution and Carbonation of Chiral Benzyllithium Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200901172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Synthesis and crystal structures of magnesium complexes with NNO Schiff base ligands bearing quinolyl pendant donors. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lennartson A, Hedström A, Håkansson M. Toward Total Spontaneous Resolution of sec-Butylzinc Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9007828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lennartson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Hedström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lennartson A, Håkansson M. Total Spontaneous Resolution of Five-Coordinate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5869-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lennartson A, Håkansson M. Total Spontaneous Resolution of Five-Coordinate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pettersen A, Lennartson A, Håkansson M. Synthesis and Total Spontaneous Resolution of an Octanuclear Organo(oxo)zinc Complex. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pettersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lennartson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lennartson A, Olsson S, Sundberg J, Håkansson M. A Different Approach to Enantioselective Organic Synthesis: Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of Organometallic Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3137-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lennartson A, Olsson S, Sundberg J, Håkansson M. A Different Approach to Enantioselective Organic Synthesis: Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of Organometallic Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kawasaki T, Omine T, Sato M, Morishita Y, Soai K. Asymmetric Autocatalysis Induced by Octahedral Tris(acetylacetonato)chromium(III) Complex as a Homogeneous Chiral Initiator. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Layfield RA, Bullock TH, García F, Humphrey SM, Schüler P. The cationic cluster Grignard [{MgCl(thf)2}3(μ3-C3H5)2]+. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2039-41. [PMID: 16767268 DOI: 10.1039/b602059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure of [{MgCl(thf)2}3(mu3-C3H5)2]2[Mg(C3H5)4], which contains both a cationic cluster Grignard and a tetraorganomagnesiate dianion, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK.
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Johansson A, Håkansson M. Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of Stereochemically Labile Aldehyde Helicates and Subsequent Chirality Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2005; 11:5238-48. [PMID: 15984037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Helical complexes formed between aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH) and five different aldehydes have been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. It was found that [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3PhCHO] (2), [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(4-CH3C6H4CHO)] (3), [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(4-tBuC6H4CHO)] (4), and [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(p-CH3OC6H4CHO)] (5) all crystallize as conglomerates, while crystals of [Al(OC6H3Ph2)3(o-CH3OC6H4CHO)] (6) are racemic. Supramolecular CH/pi interactions between molecules in crystals of 2-5 that enable stereochemical information to be mediated in three dimensions have been identified and explain the high frequency of conglomerate formation among ATPH helicates. Since 2-5 are stereochemically labile and thus enantiomerize rapidly in solution, the conglomerates can be resolved by crystallization-induced asymmetric transformation. The determination of the enantiomeric excess (ee) in solid samples of stereochemically labile molecules is not trivial, but solid-state CD spectroscopic data, anomalous dispersion data, and the ee values in alkylation reactions all indicate that preferential crystallization of 2-5 yields an essentially enantiopure product. Thus the preparation of 2-5 constitute new examples of absolute asymmetric synthesis. The helical chirality can be transferred (and thus trapped) to alcohols (with ee values of up to 16%) in crystal-to-crystal reactions with achiral organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johansson
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Johansson A, Wingstrand E, Håkansson M. Towards absolute asymmetric synthesis. Synthesis and crystal structure of stereochemically labile MCl2 (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) complexes with diamine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chiral diethylzinc complexes with diamine ligands: synthesis, crystal structure and enantioselective solvent-free alkylation. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The crystal structures of [Pr(dbm)3H2O] (1), [Sm(dbm)3H2O] (2), and [Er(dbm)3H2O] (3) have been determined (dbm=dibenzoylmethane). They display seven-coordinate propeller-shaped molecules, which are chiral and crystallize as conglomerates in space group R3. Analysis of the crystal structures reveals supramolecular interactions, including formation of a quadruple helix, which explain how stereochemical information can be transferred between stacks of molecules. A method to quantify the ee in bulk samples of stereochemically labile compounds by using solid-state CD spectroscopy is described. Using this method, it has been shown that compounds 1-3 undergo total spontaneous resolution directly after synthesis, forming a microcrystalline reaction product that is essentially enantiopure. The resolution of bulk quantities of seven-coordinate complexes (without chiral or polydentate ligands) is thus reported for the first time. Because the crystallization starts without seeding, the overall preparation may be regarded as absolute asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lennartson
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Vestergren M, Gustafsson B, Johansson A, Håkansson M. Synthesis, crystal structure, and chirality of divalent lanthanide reagents containing tri- and tetraglyme. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vestergren M, Eriksson J, Håkansson M. Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of “Chiral-at-Metal” Grignard Reagents and Transfer of the Chirality to Carbon. Chemistry 2003; 9:4678-86. [PMID: 14566873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200305003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two new six-coordinate Grignard reagents, cis-[(p-CH(3)C(6)H(4))MgBr(dme)(2)] (1) and cis-[MgCH(3)(thf)(dme)(2)]I (2), have been synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined. Both reagents are cis-octahedral and therefore chiral. They crystallize as conglomerates and racemize rapidly in solution. By utilizing these properties, the absolute asymmetric synthesis of specifically the Delta or the Lambda enantiomer was achieved for both Grignard reagents. Enantiopure 1 and 2 were then reacted with butyraldehyde or benzaldehyde to give the corresponding alcohol in up to 22 % enantiomeric excess. At -60 degrees C, the Grignard reagents crystallize as racemic phases instead of conglomerates. Consequently, the crystal structures of rac-cis-[(p-CH(3)C(6)H(4))MgBr(dme)(2)].DME (3) and rac-cis-[MgCH(3)(thf)(dme)(2)]I (4) could be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vestergren
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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