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Liu Y, Xu Z, Gao W, Cheng Z, Gao C. Graphene and Other 2D Colloids: Liquid Crystals and Macroscopic Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606794. [PMID: 28233348 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional colloidal nanomaterials are running into renaissance after the enlightening researches of graphene. Macroscopic one-dimensional fiber is an optimal ordered structural form to express the in-plane merits of 2D nanomaterials, and the formation of liquid crystals (LCs) allows the creation of continuous fibers. In the correlated system from LCs to fibers, understanding their macroscopic organizing behavior and transforming them into new solid fibers is greatly significant for applications. Herein, we retrospect the history of 2D colloids and discuss about the concept of 2D nanomaterial fibers in the context of LCs, elaborating the motivation, principle and possible strategies of fabrication. Then we highlight the creation, development and typical applications of graphene fibers. Additionally, the latest advances of other 2D nanomaterial fibers are also summarized. Finally, conclusions, challenges and perspectives are provided to show great expectations of better and more fibrous materials of 2D nanomaterials. This review gives a comprehensive retrospect of the past century-long effort about the whole development of 2D colloids, and plots a clear roadmap - "lamellar solid - LCs - macroscopic fibers - flexible devices", which will certainly open a new era of structural-multifunctional application for the conventional 2D colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengdong Cheng
- Arti McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Battistel MD, Azurmendi HF, Yu B, Freedberg DI. NMR of glycans: shedding new light on old problems. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 79:48-68. [PMID: 24815364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The diversity in molecular arrangements and dynamics displayed by glycans renders traditional NMR strategies, employed for proteins and nucleic acids, insufficient. Because of the unique properties of glycans, structural studies often require the adoption of a different repertoire of tailor-made experiments and protocols. We present an account of recent developments in NMR techniques that will deepen our understanding of structure-function relations in glycans. We open with a survey and comparison of methods utilized to determine the structure of proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Next, we discuss the structural information obtained from traditional NMR techniques like chemical shifts, NOEs/ROEs, and coupling-constants, along with the limitations imposed by the unique intrinsic characteristics of glycan structure on these approaches: flexibility, range of conformers, signal overlap, and non-first-order scalar (strong) coupling. Novel experiments taking advantage of isotopic labeling are presented as an option for overcoming spectral overlap and raising sensitivity. Computational tools used to explore conformational averaging in conjunction with NMR parameters are described. In addition, recent developments in hydroxyl detection and hydrogen bond detection in protonated solvents, in contrast to traditional sample preparations in D2O for carbohydrates, further increase the tools available for both structure information and chemical shift assignments. We also include previously unpublished data in this context. Accurate determination of couplings in carbohydrates has been historically challenging due to the common presence of strong-couplings. We present new strategies proposed for dealing with their influence on NMR signals. We close with a discussion of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and the advantages of using (13)C isotope labeling that allows gathering one-bond (13)C-(13)C couplings with a recently improved constant-time COSY technique, in addition to the commonly measured (1)H-(13)C RDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Battistel
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, United States
| | - Hugo F Azurmendi
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, United States
| | - Bingwu Yu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, United States
| | - Darón I Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, United States.
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Miyamoto N, Nakato T. Liquid Crystalline Inorganic Nanosheet Colloids Derived From Layered Materials. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nakato T, Miyamoto N. Liquid Crystalline Behavior and Related Properties of Colloidal Systems of Inorganic Oxide Nanosheets. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5525201 DOI: 10.3390/ma2041734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic layered crystals exemplified by clay minerals can be exfoliated in solvents to form colloidal dispersions of extremely thin inorganic layers that are called nanosheets. The obtained “nanosheet colloids” form lyotropic liquid crystals because of the highly anisotropic shape of the nanosheets. This system is a rare example of liquid crystals consisting of inorganic crystalline mesogens. Nanosheet colloids of photocatalytically active semiconducting oxides can exhibit unusual photoresponses that are not observed for organic liquid crystals. This review summarizes experimental work on the phase behavior of the nanosheet colloids as well as photochemical reactions observed in the clay and semiconducting nanosheets system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Nakato
- Division of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +81-42-388-7344
| | - Nobuyoshi Miyamoto
- Department of Life, Environment, and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan; E-Mail:
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Thaning J, Stevensson B, Östervall J, Naidoo KJ, Widmalm G, Maliniak A. NMR Studies of Molecular Conformations in α-Cyclodextrin. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8434-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802681z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Thaning
- Division of Physical Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa, and Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus Rosebank, 7701 South Africa
| | - Baltzar Stevensson
- Division of Physical Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa, and Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus Rosebank, 7701 South Africa
| | - Jennie Östervall
- Division of Physical Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa, and Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus Rosebank, 7701 South Africa
| | - Kevin J. Naidoo
- Division of Physical Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa, and Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus Rosebank, 7701 South Africa
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Division of Physical Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa, and Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus Rosebank, 7701 South Africa
| | - Arnold Maliniak
- Division of Physical Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa, and Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus Rosebank, 7701 South Africa
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Alvarez-Salgado F, Desvaux H, Boulard Y. NMR assessment of the global shape of a non-labelled DNA dodecamer containing a tandem of G-T mismatches. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2006; 44:1081-9. [PMID: 16972306 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out a solution study of two non-labelled self-complementary DNA dodecamers d(GACTGTACAGTC)2 and d(GACTGTGCAGTC)2 by NMR, the second sequence composed of two G-T mismatches. Structures were determined using distances extracted from NOE effects alone or using both NOE and RDC constraints, measured in three different liquid crystalline media. We ensured that our data on the influence of the mesogen on the DNA structures, and the way in which the RDCs were incorporated as constraints in the protocol refinement, were consistent. We also tested the influence of different sets of RDCs and the best means of optimizing the calculation of D(a) and R. Resolution and accuracy of the ten best energy final structures were compared. The addition of a small set of RDC constraints significantly improves the final determined structures. We took advantage of the specificity of the RDC, i.e. it contains orientational information, and explored the global shape of the DNA duplexes; it was found that the duplexes do not have a large curvature. For the G-T base pair, we observed, in this particular sequence (tandem of G-T mismatches), a new pattern of base pairing, which involved the formation of a bifurcated hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alvarez-Salgado
- Laboratoire du Contrôle du Cycle Cellulaire, DSV/DBJC, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Liu PH, Ding S. Application of Liquid Crystalline NMR Solvents to a Mixture of Ketones. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Banci L, Bertini I, Felli IC, Sarrou J. Backbone-only restraints for fast determination of the protein fold: the role of paramagnetism-based restraints. Cytochrome b562 as an example. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2005; 172:191-200. [PMID: 15649745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CH(alpha) residual dipolar couplings (Deltardc's) were measured for the oxidized cytochrome b562 from Escherichia coli as a result of its partial self-orientation in high magnetic fields due to the anisotropy of the overall magnetic susceptibility tensor. Both the low spin iron (III) heme and the four-helix bundle fold contribute to the magnetic anisotropy tensor. CH(alpha) Deltardc's, which span a larger range than the analogous NH values (already available in the literature) sample large space variations at variance with NH Deltardc's, which are largely isooriented within alpha helices. The whole structure is now significantly refined with the chemical shift index and CH(alpha) Deltardc's. The latter are particularly useful also in defining the molecular magnetic anisotropy parameters. It is shown here that the backbone folding can be conveniently and accurately determined using backbone restraints only, which include NOEs, hydrogen bonds, residual dipolar couplings, pseudocontact shifts, and chemical shift index. All these restraints are easily and quickly determined from the backbone assignment. The calculated backbone structure is comparable to that obtained by using also side chain restraint. Furthermore, the structure obtained with backbone only restraints is, in its whole, very similar to that obtained with the complete set of restraints. The paramagnetism based restraints are shown to be absolutely relevant, especially for Deltardc's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Banci
- CERM and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Yan J, Zartler ER. Application of residual dipolar couplings in organic compounds. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:53-64. [PMID: 15578593 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) induced by anisotropic media are a powerful tool for the structure determination of biomolecules through NMR spectroscopy. Recent advances have proven it to be a valuable tool for determination of the stereochemistry of organic molecules. By simple inspection or order matrix calculations, RDCs provide unambiguous information about the relative configurations or complete stereochemistry of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Yan
- Triad Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Berthault P, Jeannerat D, Camerel F, Alvarez Salgado F, Boulard Y, Gabriel JCP, Desvaux H. Dilute liquid crystals used to enhance residual dipolar couplings may alter conformational equilibrium in oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1771-85. [PMID: 12892944 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The solution structures of a trisaccharide and a pentasaccharide containing the Lewis(x) motif were determined by two independent approaches using either dipolar cross-relaxation (NOE) or residual dipolar coupling (RDC) data. For the latter, one-bond 13C[bond](1)H RDC enhanced by two different mineral liquid crystals were used alone. Home-written programs were employed firstly for measuring accurately the coupling constants in the direct dimension of non-decoupled HSQC experiments, secondly for transforming each RDC data set into geometrical restraints. In this second program, the complete molecular structure was expressed in a unique frame where the alignment tensor is diagonal. Assuming that the pyranose rings are rigid, their relative orientation is defined by optimizing the glycosidic torsion angles. For the trisaccharide, a good agreement was observed between the results of both approaches (NOE and RDC). In contrast, for the pentasaccharide, strong discrepancies appeared, which seem to result from interactions between the pentasaccharide and the mesogens, affecting conformational equilibrium. This observation is of importance, as it reveals that using simultaneously NOE and RDC can be hazardous as the former represent 99% of the molecules free in solution, whereas the latter correspond to less than 1% of the structure bound to the mesogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Berthault
- Laboratoire Commun de R.M.N., DSM/DRECAM/Service de Chimie Moléculaire, URA 331 CNRS, C.E.A./Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P. Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets. Nature 2001; 413:504-8. [PMID: 11586355 DOI: 10.1038/35097046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ordering particles at the nanometre length scale is a challenging and active research area in materials science. Several approaches have so far been developed, ranging from the manipulation of individual particles to the exploitation of self-assembly in colloids. Nanometre-scale ordering is well known to appear spontaneously when anisotropic organic moieties form liquid-crystalline phases; this behaviour is also observed for anisotropic mineral nanoparticles resulting in the formation of nematic, smectic and hexagonal mesophases. Here we describe a lyotropic liquid-crystalline lamellar phase comprising an aqueous dispersion of planar solid-like sheets in which all the atoms involved in a layer are covalently bonded. The spacing of these phosphatoantimonate single layers can be increased 100-fold, resulting in one-dimensional structures whose periodicity can be tuned from 1.5 to 225 nanometres. These highly organized materials can be mechanically or magnetically aligned over large pH and temperature ranges, and this property can be used to measure residual dipolar couplings for the structure determination of biomolecules by liquid-state NMR. We also expect that our approach will result in the discovery of other classes of mineral lyotropic lamellar phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gabriel
- Sciences Moléculaires aux Interfaces, FRE 2068 CNRS, 2 rue de Houssinière, BP 32229, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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Abstract
Partial alignment of biomolecules in solution has added a new dimension to structural investigation by high-resolution NMR methods. Applications to proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates now abound. Limitations initially associated with compatibility of biomolecules with the liquid-crystal media commonly used to achieve alignment have begun to disappear. This is, in part, a result of the introduction of a wide variety of new media. Future applications to biologically important problems such as the structural organization of multi-domain proteins and multi-protein assemblies look very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Prestegard
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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