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Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Crawford
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Trinderup HH, Juul-Madsen L, Press L, Madsen M, Jensen HH. α-Selective Glucosylation Can Be Achieved with 6- O- para-Nitrobenzoyl Protection. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13763-13789. [PMID: 36206491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the effect of various 6-O-acyl groups on anomeric selectivity in glucosylations with thioglycoside donors was conducted. All eight different esters were found to induce moderate-to-high α-selectivity in glucosylation with l-menthol with the best being 6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl. The effect appears to be general across various glucosyl acceptors, glucosyl donor types, and modes of activation. No evidence was found in favor of distal participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle H Trinderup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Juul-Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura Press
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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3
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Chemical and Synthetic Biology Approaches for Cancer Vaccine Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206933. [PMID: 36296526 PMCID: PMC9611187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been considered promising therapeutic strategies and are often constructed from whole cells, attenuated pathogens, carbohydrates, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. However, the use of whole organisms or pathogens can elicit unwanted immune responses arising from unforeseen reactions to the vaccine components. On the other hand, synthetic vaccines, which contain antigens that are conjugated, often with carrier proteins, can overcome these issues. Therefore, in this review we have highlighted the synthetic approaches and discussed several bioconjugation strategies for developing antigen-based cancer vaccines. In addition, the major synthetic biology approaches that were used to develop genetically modified cancer vaccines and their progress in clinical research are summarized here. Furthermore, to boost the immune responses of any vaccines, the addition of suitable adjuvants and a proper delivery system are essential. Hence, this review also mentions the synthesis of adjuvants and utilization of biomaterial scaffolds, which may facilitate the design of future cancer vaccines.
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4
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Phang R, Lin CH. Synthesis of Type-I and Type-II LacNAc-Repeating Oligosaccharides as the Backbones of Tumor-Associated Lewis Antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858894. [PMID: 35281035 PMCID: PMC8905443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I and Type-II LacNAc are Gal-GlcNAc disaccharides bearing a β1,3- or β1,4-linkage respectively. They exist as the backbones of Lewis antigens that are highly expressed in several cancers. Owing to the promise of developing carbohydrate-based anti-cancer vaccines, glycan synthesis at a large scale is indeed an important task. Synthesis of Type-I and Type-II tandem repeat oligomers has been hampered by the presence of GlcNAc residues. Particularly, N-protecting group plays a determining role in affecting glycosyl donor’s reactivity and acceptor’s nucleophilicity. This review discusses several representative studies that assembled desirable glycans in an efficient manner, such as chemoselective one-pot synthesis and chemoenzymatic methods. Additionally, we also highlight solutions that have been offered to tackle long-lasting problems, e.g., prevention of the oxazoline formation and change of donor/acceptor reactivity. In retrospect of scientific achievements, we present the current restrictions and remaining challenges in this less explored frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riping Phang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Chen CY, Lin YW, Wang SW, Lin YC, Cheng YY, Ren CT, Wong CH, Wu CY. Synthesis of Azido-Globo H Analogs for Immunogenicity Evaluation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:77-85. [PMID: 35106375 PMCID: PMC8796297 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globo H (GH) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), and GH conjugations have been evaluated as potential cancer vaccines. However, like all carbohydrate-based vaccines, low immunogenicity is a major issue. Modifications of the TACA increase its immunogenicity, but the systemic modification on GH is challenging and the synthesis is cumbersome. In this study, we synthesized several azido-GH analogs for evaluation, using galactose oxidase to selectively oxidize C6-OH of the terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine on lactose, Gb3, Gb4, and SSEA3 into C6 aldehyde, which was then transformed chemically to the azido group. The azido-derivatives were further glycosylated to azido-GH analogs by glycosyltransferases coupled with sugar nucleotide regeneration. These azido-GH analogs and native GH were conjugated to diphtheria toxoid cross-reactive material CRM197 for vaccination with C34 adjuvant in mice. Glycan array analysis of antisera indicated that the azido-GH glycoconjugate with azide at Gal-C6 of Lac (1-CRM197) elicited the highest antibody response not only to GH, SSEA3, and SSEA4, which share the common SSEA3 epitope, but also to MCF-7 cancer cells, which express these Globo-series glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chu Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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6
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Liu M, Qin X, Ye XS. Glycan Assembly Strategy: From Concept to Application. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3256-3277. [PMID: 34498347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been hot topics in recent years due to their exhibition of numerous biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of their natural source and the complexity of their chemical synthesis impede the progress in their biological research. Thus, the development of glycan assembly strategies to acquire plenty of structurally well-defined glycans is an important issue in carbohydrate chemistry. In this review, the latest advances in glycan assembly strategies from concepts to their applications in carbohydrate synthesis, including chemical and enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic approaches, as well as solution-phase and solid-phase/tag-assisted synthesis, are summarized. Furthermore, the automated glycan assembly techniques are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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7
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Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Song C, Ye XS. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of N-acyl modified Globo H derivatives as anticancer vaccine candidates. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1239-1243. [PMID: 34355188 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globo H is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which serves as a valuable target for antitumor vaccine or cancer immunotherapies. However, most TACAs are T-cell-independent, and they cannot induce powerful immune response due to their poor immunogenicity. To address this problem, herein, several Globo H analogues with modification on the N-acyl group were prepared through a preactivation-based glycosylation strategy from the non-reducing end to the reducing end. These modified Globo H derivatives were then conjugated with carrier protein CRM197 to form glycoconjugates as anticancer vaccine candidates, which were used in combination with adjuvant glycolipid C34 for immunological studies. The immunological effects of these synthetic vaccine candidates were evaluated on Balb/c mice. The results showed that the fluorine-modified N-acyl Globo H conjugates can induce higher titers of IgG antibodies that can recognize the naturally occurring Globo H antigen on the surface of cancer cells and can eliminate cancer cells in the presence of a complement, indicating the potential of these synthetic glycoconjugates as anticancer vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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8
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Dohi H, Sakurai R, Tamura M, Komai R, Nishida Y. Evaluating the reactivity and stereoselectivity of salicyl-type thioglycosides as non-malodorous thioglycoside alternatives for oligosaccharide synthesis. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.1921787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Dohi
- Applied Biological Chemistry Field of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Risa Sakurai
- Applied Biological Chemistry Field of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manami Tamura
- Applied Biological Chemistry Field of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Komai
- Applied Biological Chemistry Field of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Applied Biological Chemistry Field of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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9
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Escopy S, Singh Y, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. A Streamlined Regenerative Glycosylation Reaction: Direct, Acid-Free Activation of Thioglycosides. Chemistry 2021; 27:354-361. [PMID: 32804435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our group has previously reported that 3,3-difluoroxindole (HOFox) is able to mediate glycosylations via intermediacy of OFox imidates. Thioglycoside precursors were first converted into the corresponding glycosyl bromides that were then converted into the OFox imidates in the presence of Ag2 O followed by the activation with catalytic Lewis acid in a regenerative fashion. Reported herein is a direct conversion of thioglycosides via the regenerative approach that bypasses the intermediacy of bromides and eliminates the need for heavy-metal-based promoters. The direct regenerative activation of thioglycosides is achieved under neutral reaction conditions using only 1 equiv. NIS and catalytic HOFox without the acidic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
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10
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Verma N, Tu Z, Lu MS, Liu SH, Renata S, Phang R, Liu PK, Ghosh B, Lin CH. Threshold of Thioglycoside Reactivity Difference Is Critical for Efficient Synthesis of Type I Oligosaccharides by Chemoselective Glycosylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:892-916. [PMID: 33320008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of type I LacNAc (Galβ1 → 3GlcNAc) oligosaccharides usually suffers from low yields. We herein report the efficient synthesis of type I LacNAc oligosaccharides by chemoselective glycosylation. With 16 relative reactivity values (RRVs) measured thiotoluenyl-linked disaccharide donors and acceptors, chemoselective glycosylations were investigated to obtain optimal conditions. In these reactions, the RRV difference between the donors and acceptors had to be more than 6311 to obtain type I LacNAc tetrasaccharides in 72-86% yields, with minimal occurrence of aglycon transfer. The threshold of RRV difference was further applied to plan the synthesis of longer glycans. Because it is challenging to measure the RRVs of tetrasaccharides, anomeric proton chemical shifts were utilized to predict the corresponding RRVs, which consequently explained the outcome of glycosylations for the synthesis of type I LacNAc hexasaccharides. The result supported the idea that elongation of glycan chains has to proceed from the reducing to the nonreducing end for a better yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Verma
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Zhijay Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Liu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Septila Renata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Riping Phang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Kai Liu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bhaswati Ghosh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Feng Y, Wu J, Chen G, Chai Y. Fast and Low-Cost Purification Strategy for Oligosaccharide Synthesis Based on a Hop-On/Off Carrier. Org Lett 2020; 22:2564-2568. [PMID: 32181668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A feasible and convenient strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis, which realizes reaction in solution while product purification occurs only by solid-liquid filtration, has been developed. By using a hop-on/off carrier (polytetrafluoroethylene particle), rapid synthesis of tumor-associated antigen Globo-H hexasaccharide has been successfully achieved within 5 steps in 48% overall yield without any intermediate purification by column chromatography. Also, global deprotection, including the cleavage of the tag, proceeded simultaneously only by one-step hydrogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingle Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China.,The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghai Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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12
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Tsutsui M, Sianturi J, Masui S, Tokunaga K, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Efficient Synthesis of Antigenic Trisaccharides ContainingN-Acetylglucosamine: Protection of NHAc as NAc2. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043 Osaka Japan
| | - Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043 Osaka Japan
| | - Seiji Masui
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043 Osaka Japan
| | - Kento Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043 Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043 Osaka Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education; Project Research Center for Fundamental Science; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043 Osaka Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education; Project Research Center for Fundamental Science; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
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13
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Li BH, Yao W, Yang H, Wu C, Xiong DC, Yin Y, Ye XS. Total synthesis of tumor-associated KH-1 antigen core nonasaccharideviaphoto-induced glycosylation. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
KH-1 antigen core nonasaccharide was efficiently assembled by photo-induced glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine
- Department of Pathology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Wenlong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine
- Department of Pathology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University Health Science Center
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine
- Department of Pathology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
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14
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Mestrom L, Przypis M, Kowalczykiewicz D, Pollender A, Kumpf A, Marsden SR, Bento I, Jarzębski AB, Szymańska K, Chruściel A, Tischler D, Schoevaart R, Hanefeld U, Hagedoorn PL. Leloir Glycosyltransferases in Applied Biocatalysis: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215263. [PMID: 31652818 PMCID: PMC6861944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are nature’s catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require extensive use of laborious protection group manipulations and often lack regio- and stereoselectivity. The application of Leloir glycosyltransferases has received considerable attention in recent years and offers excellent control over the reactivity and selectivity of glycosylation reactions with unprotected carbohydrates, paving the way for previously inaccessible synthetic routes. The development of nucleotide recycling cascades has allowed for the efficient production and reuse of nucleotide sugar donors in robust one-pot multi-enzyme glycosylation cascades. In this way, large glycans and glycoconjugates with complex stereochemistry can be constructed. With recent advances, LeLoir glycosyltransferases are close to being applied industrially in multi-enzyme, programmable cascade glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Mestrom
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Przypis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Daria Kowalczykiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - André Pollender
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Kumpf
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Marsden
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabel Bento
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestraβe 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrzej B Jarzębski
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Rob Schoevaart
- ChiralVision, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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15
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Cheng CW, Wu CY, Hsu WL, Wong CH. Programmable One-Pot Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Biochemistry 2019; 59:3078-3088. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lian Hsu
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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16
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Verkhnyatskaya SA, de Vries AH, Douma‐de Vries E, Sneep RJL, Walvoort MTC. Direct and Regioselective Di-α-fucosylation on the Secondary Rim of β-Cyclodextrin. Chemistry 2019; 25:6722-6727. [PMID: 30801812 PMCID: PMC6563713 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward glycosylation method is described to regio- and stereoselectively introduce two α-l-fucose moieties directly to the secondary rim of β-cyclodextrin. Using NMR and MS fragmentation studies, the nonasaccharide structure was determined, which was also visualized using molecular dynamics simulations. The reported glycosylation method proved to be robust on gram-scale, and may be generally applied to directly glycosylate β-cyclodextrins to make well-defined multivalent glycoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Verkhnyatskaya
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alex H. de Vries
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Elmatine Douma‐de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Renze J. L. Sneep
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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17
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Cheng CW, Zhou Y, Pan WH, Dey S, Wu CY, Hsu WL, Wong CH. Hierarchical and programmable one-pot synthesis of oligosaccharides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5202. [PMID: 30523255 PMCID: PMC6283847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis method was designed to enable the rapid synthesis of a large number of oligosaccharides, using the software Optimer to search Building BLocks (BBLs) with defined relative reactivity values (RRVs) to be used sequentially in the one-pot reaction. However, there were only about 50 BBLs with measured RRVs in the original library and the method could only synthesize small oligosaccharides due to the RRV ordering requirement. Here, we increase the library to include 154 validated BBLs and more than 50,000 virtual BBLs with predicted RRVs by machine learning. We also develop the software Auto-CHO to accommodate more data handling and support hierarchical one-pot synthesis using fragments as BBLs generated by the one-pot synthesis. This advanced programmable one-pot method provides potential synthetic solutions for complex glycans with four successful examples demonstrated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Supriya Dey
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lian Hsu
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Huey Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037
- The Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Larissa Krasnova
- The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037
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19
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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20
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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21
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Recent progress of fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine using TLR agonist as build-in adjuvant. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Li Q, Guo Z. Pondering the Structural Factors that Affect 1,2- trans-Galactosylation: A Lesson Learnt from 3- O- β-Galactosylation of Galactosamine. J Carbohydr Chem 2017; 47:347-362. [PMID: 30174372 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1406095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective formation of glycosidic bonds remains one of the most challenging topics in carbohydrate chemistry. The predominant method for stereoselective construction of 1,2-trans-glycosidic bonds is through the neighboring group participation effect (NGPE), which proved to be less successful in synthesizing Galβ(1→3)GalNAc disaccharide. The steric effect that overshadows NGPE and the impacts of substituents at the 3-O- and 2-N-positions of donors and acceptors, respectively, on this synthesis were systematically examined to lead to some practical guidelines for choosing protecting groups towards the successful synthesis of Galβ(1→3)GalNAc and similar disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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23
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Le Mai Hoang K, He JX, Báti G, Chan-Park MB, Liu XW. A minimalist approach to stereoselective glycosylation with unprotected donors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1146. [PMID: 29079775 PMCID: PMC5660076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic study of carbohydrate interactions in biological systems calls for the chemical synthesis of these complex structures. Owing to the specific stereo-configuration at each anomeric linkage and diversity in branching, significant breakthroughs in recent years have focused on either stereoselective glycosylation methods or facile assembly of glycan chains. Here, we introduce the unification approach that offers both stereoselective glycosidic bond formation and removal of protection/deprotection steps required for further elongation. Using dialkylboryl triflate as an in situ masking reagent, a wide array of glycosyl donors carrying one to three unprotected hydroxyl groups reacts with various glycosyl acceptors to furnish the desired products with good control over regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of straightforward access to important structural scaffolds for complex glycoconjugate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Le Mai Hoang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jing-Xi He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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24
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Yang W, Yang B, Ramadan S, Huang X. Preactivation-based chemoselective glycosylations: A powerful strategy for oligosaccharide assembly. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2094-2114. [PMID: 29062430 PMCID: PMC5647719 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most glycosylation reactions are performed by mixing the glycosyl donor and acceptor together followed by the addition of a promoter. While many oligosaccharides have been synthesized successfully using this premixed strategy, extensive protective group manipulation and aglycon adjustment often need to be performed on oligosaccharide intermediates, which lower the overall synthetic efficiency. Preactivation-based glycosylation refers to strategies where the glycosyl donor is activated by a promoter in the absence of an acceptor. The subsequent acceptor addition then leads to the formation of the glycoside product. As donor activation and glycosylation are carried out in two distinct steps, unique chemoselectivities can be obtained. Successful glycosylation can be performed independent of anomeric reactivities of the building blocks. In addition, one-pot protocols have been developed that have enabled multiple-step glycosylations in the same reaction flask without the need for intermediate purification. Complex glycans containing both 1,2-cis and 1,2-trans linkages, branched oligosaccharides, uronic acids, sialic acids, modifications such as sulfate esters and deoxy glycosides have been successfully synthesized. The preactivation-based chemoselective glycosylation is a powerful strategy for oligosaccharide assembly complementing the more traditional premixed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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25
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Yu H, Li Y, Zeng J, Thon V, Nguyen DM, Ly T, Kuang HY, Ngo A, Chen X. Sequential One-Pot Multienzyme Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosphingolipid Glycans. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10809-10824. [PMID: 27736072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are a diverse family of biologically important glycolipids. In addition to variations on the lipid component, more than 300 glycosphingolipid glycans have been characterized. These glycans are directly involved in various molecular recognition events. Several naturally occurring sialic acid forms have been found in sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, namely gangliosides. However, ganglioside glycans containing less common sialic acid forms are currently not available. Herein, highly effective one-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems are used in sequential for high-yield and cost-effective production of glycosphingolipid glycans, including those containing different sialic acid forms such as N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nononic acid (Kdn), and 8-O-methyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac8OMe). A library of 64 structurally distinct glycosphingolipid glycans belonging to ganglio-series, lacto-/neolacto-series, and globo-/isoglobo-series glycosphingolipid glycans is constructed. These glycans are essential standards and invaluable probes for bioassays and biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Glycohub, Inc. , 4070 Truxel Road, Sacramento, California 95834, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yanhong Li
- Glycohub, Inc. , 4070 Truxel Road, Sacramento, California 95834, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.,School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Vireak Thon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dung M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thao Ly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hui Yu Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alice Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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26
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Exploring human glycosylation for better therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:125-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Hahm HS, Liang CF, Lai CH, Fair RJ, Schuhmacher F, Seeberger PH. Automated Glycan Assembly of Complex Oligosaccharides Related to Blood Group Determinants. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5866-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heung Sik Hahm
- Department of Biomolecular
Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Biomolecular
Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Department of Biomolecular
Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard J. Fair
- Department of Biomolecular
Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Schuhmacher
- Department of Biomolecular
Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular
Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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28
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Heuckendorff M, Poulsen LT, Jensen HH. Remote Electronic Effects by Ether Protecting Groups Fine-Tune Glycosyl Donor Reactivity. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4988-5006. [PMID: 27224456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It was established that para-substituted benzyl ether protecting groups affect the reactivity of glycosyl donors of the thioglycoside type with the N-iodosuccinimide/triflic acid promoter system. Having electron donating p-methoxybenzyl ether (PMB) groups increased the reactivity of the donor in comparison to having electron withdrawing p-chloro (PClB) or p-cyanobenzyl ether (PCNB) protecting groups, which decreased the reactivity of the glycosyl donor relative to the parent benzyl ether (Bn) protected glycosyl donor. These findings were used to perform the first armed-disarmed coupling between two benzylated glucosyl donors by tuning their reactivity. In addition, the present work describes a highly efficient palladium catalyzed multiple cyanation and methoxylation of p-chlorobenzyl protected thioglycosides. The results of this paper regarding both the different electron withdrawing properties of various benzyl ethers and the efficient and multiple protecting group transformations are applicable in general organic chemistry and not restricted to carbohydrate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Heuckendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lulu Teressa Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Krasnova L, Wong CH. Understanding the Chemistry and Biology of Glycosylation with Glycan Synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem 2016; 85:599-630. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krasnova
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037;
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037;
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 115
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30
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Mishra S, Upadhaya K, Mishra KB, Shukla AK, Tripathi RP, Tiwari VK. Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63601-0.00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Zhou Z, Liao G, Mandal SS, Suryawanshi S, Guo Z. A Fully Synthetic Self-Adjuvanting Globo H-Based Vaccine Elicited Strong T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7112-7121. [PMID: 26918109 PMCID: PMC4762603 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on the abnormal glycans expressed on cancer cells, such as the globo H antigen, have witnessed great progress in recent years. For example, the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate of globo H has been on clinical trials as a cancer vaccine. However, such vaccines have intrinsic problems, such as inconsistence in eliciting T cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients and difficult quality control. To address the issue, a structurally defined fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine composed of globo H and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) was developed. The new vaccine was shown to elicit robust IgG1 antibody responses and T cell-dependent immunity, which is desired for anticancer vaccine, and induce significantly faster and stronger immune responses than the globo H-KLH conjugate. Moreover, it was self-adjuvanting, namely, inducing immune responses without the use of an external adjuvant, thus MPLA was not only a vaccine carrier but also a build-in adjuvant. It was also found that antibodies induced by the new vaccine could selectively bind to and mediate strong complement-dependent cytotoxicity to globo H-expressing MCF-7 cancer cell. All of the results have demonstrated that the globo H-MPLA conjugate is a better cancer vaccine than the globo H-KLH conjugate under experimental conditions and is worth further investigation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Satadru S. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Sharad Suryawanshi
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 1501 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ; Tel: +1-313-577-2557
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32
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Zulueta MML, Janreddy D, Hung SC. One-Pot Methods for the Protection and Assembly of Sugars. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Danishefsky SJ, Shue YK, Chang MN, Wong CH. Development of Globo-H cancer vaccine. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:643-52. [PMID: 25665650 DOI: 10.1021/ar5004187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of anticancer vaccines requires the identification of unique epitope markers, preferably expressed exclusively on the surface of cancer cells. This Account describes the path of development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine for metastatic breast cancer, including the selection and synthesis of Globo-H as the target, the development of the vaccine conjugate and adjuvant design, the study of the immune response and consideration of class switch, and the analysis of Globo-H distribution on the surface of various cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and normal cells. The first synthesis of Globo-H was accomplished through the use of glycal chemistry; this approach delivered sufficient material for evaluation in phase I human trials. The development of a programmable one-pot synthesis method rendered the synthesis more practical and enabled the midstage proof-of-concept phase II trial and late-stage phase III trial. Finally, enzymatic synthesis of Globo-H coupled with cofactor regeneration was used for the late-stage multicenter trials and manufacture of the product. Along this path of development, it was discovered that the vaccine induced antibodies to target not only Globo-H, but also SSEA3 and SSEA4. Moreover, these three glycolipids were found to be uniquely expressed not only on the cell surface of breast cancer but on 15 additional cancer types, suggesting the broad application of this vaccine in cancer treatment and perhaps cancer prevention. In addition, a new glycolipid adjuvant was designed to target the CD1d receptor on dendritic cells and B cells for presentation to and activation of T cells to modulate the immune response and induce a class switch from IgM to IgG, thereby overcoming the common problem of carbohydrate-based vaccines that often induce mainly IgM antibodies. As demonstrated in this vaccine development, the chemical approach to the synthesis and conjugation of carbohydrate-based immunogens provides the flexibility for access to various structures and linkers to identify optimal compositions for development. The enzymatic method was then introduced to enable the practical synthesis of the vaccine candidate for clinical development and commercialization. Overall, this Account illustrates the path of development of a cancer vaccine, from selection of a unique glycan marker on breast cancer cells and the cancer stem cells as target to the use of chemistry in combination with immunology and cancer biology to enable the design and development of the Globo-H vaccine to target three specific glycan markers exclusively expressed on the cell surface of a number of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Youe-Kong Shue
- OBI Pharma, Inc., 19th F, 3 Yuan Qu Street, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Michael N. Chang
- OBI Pharma, Inc., 19th F, 3 Yuan Qu Street, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Abstract
A derivative of the tumor-associated globo H antigen, a complex hexasaccharide, was synthesized by a convergent and efficient [3+2+1] strategy using various glycosylation methods. All glycosylation reactions afforded good to excellent yields and outstanding stereoselectivity, including the installation of cis α-linked D-galactose and L-fucose. The longest linear sequence for this synthesis was 11 steps from a galactose derivative 11 to give an overall yield of 2.6%. The synthetic target had a free and reactive amino group at the glycan reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadru S. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Ramawat KG, Mérillon JM. Major Advances in the Development of Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123674 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their involvement in a variety of different biological processes and their occurrence onto pathogens and malignant cell surface, carbohydrates have been identified as ideal candidates for vaccine formulation. However, as free oligosaccharides are poorly immunogenic and do not induce immunological memory in the most at risk population (infants and young children, elderly and immunocompromised patients), glycoconjugate vaccines containing the same carbohydrate antigen covalently linked to an immunogenic carrier protein have gained a prominent role. Accordingly, a number of glycoconjugate vaccines mostly directed against infections caused by bacterial pathogens have been licensed and are currently available on the market. However, also glycoconjugate vaccines suffer from significant drawbacks. The challenging procedures required for the isolation and purification of the carbohydrate antigen from its natural source often lead to poor homogeneity and presence of biological contaminants, resulting in batch-to-batch variability. Moreover, in some cases, the overwhelming immunogenicity of the carrier protein may induce the carbohydrate epitope suppression, causing hyporesponsiveness. The development of synthetic oligosaccharide-based vaccine candidates, characterized by the presence of pure and well-defined synthetic oligosaccharide structures, is expected to meet the requirement of homogeneous and highly reproducible preparations. In the present chapter, we report on the major advances in the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines. First of all, we describe different strategies developed during the last years to circumvent the inherent difficulties of classical oligosaccharide synthesis, such as the one-pot glycosylation and the solid-phase synthesis, and their application to the preparation of carbohydrate antigens apt to conjugation with protein carriers. Next, we discuss the most representative methodologies employed for the chemical ligation of oligosaccharide structures to proteins. Finally, in the last section, we report significant examples of fully synthetic vaccines exploiting the multivalency effect. These constructs are based on the concept that the conjugation of multiple copies of synthetic oligosaccharide antigens to multivalent scaffolds, such as dendrimers, (cyclo)peptides, gold nanoparticles, and calixarenes, raises cooperative interactions between carbohydrates and immune receptors, leading to strong enhancement of the saccharide antigen immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Groupe d’Etude des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Lee HY, Chen CY, Tsai TI, Li ST, Lin KH, Cheng YY, Ren CT, Cheng TJR, Wu CY, Wong CH. Immunogenicity Study of Globo H Analogues with Modification at the Reducing or Nonreducing End of the Tumor Antigen. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16844-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Lee
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ting Li
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen R. Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Li SP, Hsiao WC, Yu CC, Chien WT, Lin HJ, Huang LD, Lin CH, Wu WL, Wu SH, Lin CC. Characterization ofMeiothermus taiwanensisGalactokinase and its Use in the One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Uridine Diphosphate-Galactose and the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the Carbohydrate Antigen Stage Specific Embryonic Antigen-3. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chen IH, Kou KGM, Le DN, Rathbun CM, Dong VM. Recognition and site-selective transformation of monosaccharides by using copper(II) catalysis. Chemistry 2014; 20:5013-8. [PMID: 24623522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate copper(II)-catalyzed acylation and tosylation of monosaccharides. Various carbohydrate derivatives, including glucopyranosides and ribofuranosides, are obtained in high yields and regioselectivities. Using this versatile strategy, the site of acylation can be switched by choice of ligand. Preliminary mechanistic studies support nucleophilic addition of a copper-sugar complex to the acyl chloride to be turnover limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hon Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Natural Sciences 1, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (USA)
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Major Advances in the Development of Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_65-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kopitzki S, Dilmaghani KA, Thiem J. Synthesis of benzaldehyde-functionalized LewisX trisaccharide analogs for glyco-SAM formation. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. A vision for vaccines built from fully synthetic tumor-associated antigens: from the laboratory to the clinic. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14462-72. [PMID: 23944352 PMCID: PMC3826082 DOI: 10.1021/ja405932r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells may be distinguished from normal cells by cell surface displays of aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate domains. Accordingly, these tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent promising target structures for the design of anticancer vaccines. Over the past 20 years, our laboratory has sought to use the tools of chemical synthesis to develop TACA-based anticancer vaccine candidates. We provide herein a personal accounting of our laboratory's progress toward the long-standing goal of developing clinically viable fully synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027
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Tsai TI, Lee HY, Chang SH, Wang CH, Tu YC, Lin YC, Hwang DR, Wu CY, Wong CH. Effective sugar nucleotide regeneration for the large-scale enzymatic synthesis of Globo H and SSEA4. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14831-9. [PMID: 24044869 DOI: 10.1021/ja4075584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report here the development of chemoenzymatic methods for the large-scale synthesis of cancer-associated antigens globopentaose (Gb5), fucosyl-Gb5 (Globo H), and sialyl-Gb5 (SSEA4) by using overexpressed glycosyltransferases coupled with effective regeneration of sugar nucleotides, including UDP-Gal, UDP-GalNAc, GDP-Fuc, and CMP-Neu5Ac. The enzymes used in the synthesis were first identified from different species through comparative studies and then overexpressed in E. coli and isolated for synthesis. These methods provide multigram quantities of products in high yield with only two or three purification steps and are suitable for the evaluation and development of cancer vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Carbohydrate-based vaccines with a glycolipid adjuvant for breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:2517-22. [PMID: 23355685 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222649110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globo H (GH) is a hexasaccharide specifically overexpressed on a variety of cancer cells and therefore, a good candidate for cancer vaccine development. To identify the optimal carrier and adjuvant combination, we chemically synthesized and linked GH to a carrier protein, including keyhole limpet hemocyanion, diphtheria toxoid cross-reactive material (CRM) 197 (DT), tetanus toxoid, and BSA, and combined with an adjuvant, and it was administered to mice for the study of immune response. Glycan microarray analysis of the antiserum obtained indicated that the combination of GH-DT adjuvanted with the α-galactosylceramide C34 has the highest enhancement of anti-GH IgG. Compared with the phase III clinical trial vaccine, GH-keyhole limpet hemocyanion/QS21, the GH-DT/C34 vaccine elicited more IgG antibodies, which are more selective for GH and the GH-related epitopes, stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3) and SSEA4, all of which were specifically overexpressed on breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells with SSEA4 at the highest level (>90%). We, therefore, further developed SSEA4-DT/C34 as a vaccine candidate, and after immunization, it was found that the elicited antibodies are also IgG-dominant and very specific for SSEA4.
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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47
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Abstract
In oligosaccharide synthesis, protecting groups, possible participating groups, promoters/catalysts, reaction conditions, and donor leaving groups and acceptors must all be carefully designed in order to generate the correct regio- and stereochemistry for the new glycosidic bond. Programmable one-pot synthesis has been developed to address the above problems. This strategy is based on the sequential use of thioglycoside building blocks to form glycosidic bonds based on the reactivity difference of the building blocks. The activation of the anomeric leaving group can be attenuated through modification of the protecting group strategy and neighboring group participation. This reactivity-based strategy has been applied to one-pot glycosylation reactions where a series of building blocks with identical leaving groups react sequentially in one vessel without laborious intermediate purification steps. It provides rapid access to oligosaccharides with a wide-range of molecular diversity. In this chapter we outline the recent development of this strategy that can be applied to synthesize a wide variety of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates that are associated with infectious diseases or carbohydrate-based cancer antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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48
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Programmable one-pot synthesis of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens Lewis X dimer and KH-1 epitopes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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50
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Kulkarni AA, Weiss AA, Iyer SS. Glycan-based high-affinity ligands for toxins and pathogen receptors. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:327-93. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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