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Souda R. Interactions of methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol with polar and nonpolar species in water at cryogenic temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2583-2590. [PMID: 28059424 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is known as a strong inhibitor of hydrate formation, but clathrate hydrates of ethanol and 1-propanol can be formed in the presence of help gases. To elucidate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effects of alcohols, their interactions with simple solute species are investigated in glassy, liquid, and crystalline water using temperature-programmed desorption and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Nonpolar solute species embedded underneath amorphous solid water films are released during crystallization, but they tend to withstand water crystallization under the coexistence of methanol additives. The CO2 additives are released after crystallization along with methanol desorption. These results suggest strongly that nonpolar species that are hydrated (i.e., caged) associatively with methanol can withstand water crystallization. In contrast, ethanol and 1-propanol additives weakly affect the dehydration of nonpolar species during water crystallization, suggesting that the former tend to be caged separately from the latter. The hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic behavior of alcohols, which differs according to the aliphatic group length, also manifests itself in the different abilities of surface segregation of alcohols and their effects on the water crystallization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Souda
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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Choi IY, Lee J, Ahn H, Lee J, Choi HC, Park MJ. High-Conductivity Two-Dimensional Polyaniline Nanosheets Developed on Ice Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10497-501. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Choi IY, Lee J, Ahn H, Lee J, Choi HC, Park MJ. High-Conductivity Two-Dimensional Polyaniline Nanosheets Developed on Ice Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim Y, Shin S, Moon ES, Kang H. Spectroscopic monitoring of the acidity of water films on Ru(0001): orientation-specific acidity of adsorbed water. Chemistry 2014; 20:3376-83. [PMID: 24677214 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined the acid–base properties of water films adsorbed onto a Ru(0001) substrate by using surface spectroscopic methods in vacuum environments. Ammonia adsorption experiments combined with low-energy sputtering (LES), reactive ion scattering (RIS), reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements showed that the adsorbed water is acidic enough to transfer protons to ammonia. Only the water molecules in an intact water monolayer and water clusters larger than the hexamer exhibit such acidity, whereas small clusters, a thick ice film or a partially dissociated water monolayer that contains OH, H2O and H species are not acidic. The observations indicate the orientation-specific acidity of adsorbed water. The acidity stems from water molecules with H-down adsorption geometry present in the monolayer. However, the dissociation of water into H and OH on the surface does not promote but rather suppresses the proton transfer to ammonia.
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Kim Y, Moon ES, Shin S, Kang H. Acidic water monolayer on ruthenium(0001). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12806-9. [PMID: 23136134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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Cyriac J, Pradeep T, Kang H, Souda R, Cooks RG. Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5356-411. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Cyriac
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - T. Pradeep
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - H. Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747,
Republic of Korea
| | - R. Souda
- International
Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - R. G. Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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Kim S, Park E, Kang H. Segregation of hydroxide ions to an ice surface. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:074703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3625435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kang H. Reactive Ion Scattering of Low Energy Cs+from Surfaces. A Technique for Surface Molecular Analysis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Electrophilic Addition Reaction of Ethene with Hydrogen Chloride on Cold Molecular Films: Evidence of Ethyl Cationic Intermediate. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:938-44. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Park SC, Moon ES, Kang H. Some fundamental properties and reactions of ice surfaces at low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12000-11. [PMID: 20683515 DOI: 10.1039/c003592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ice surfaces offer a unique chemical environment in which reactions occur quite differently from those in liquid water or gas phases. In this article, we examine the basic properties of ice surfaces below the surface premelting temperature and discuss some of the recent investigations carried out on reactions at the ice surfaces. The static and dynamic properties of an ice surface as a reaction medium, such as its structure, molecule diffusion and proton transfer dynamics, and the surface preference of hydronium and hydroxide ions, are discussed in relation to the reactivity of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Analytical Research Group, Central R&D Institute, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Suwon, South Korea 443-743
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Kim JH, Kim YK, Kang H. Proton transfer and H/D isotopic exchange of water molecules mediated by hydroxide ions on ice film surfaces. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:044705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3187544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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An experimental and theoretical description of the (NH3)−1{NH3–H–H2O}+ cluster ions produced by fast ion bombardment. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Surface Modification Using Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Park SC, Kim JK, Lee CW, Moon ES, Kang H. Acid–Base Chemistry at the Ice Surface: Reverse Correlation Between Intrinsic Basicity and Proton-Transfer Efficiency to Ammonia and Methyl Amines. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:2520-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Park SC, Jung KH, Kang H. H/D isotopic exchange between water molecules at ice surfaces. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:2765-74. [PMID: 15281880 DOI: 10.1063/1.1770548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
H/D isotopic exchange between H(2)O and D(2)O molecules was studied at the surface of ice films at 90-140 K by the technique of Cs(+) reactive ion scattering. Ice films were deposited on a Ru(0001) substrate in different compositions of H(2)O and D(2)O and in various structures to study the kinetics of isotopic exchange. H/D exchange was very slow on an ice film at 95-100 K, even when H(2)O and D(2)O were uniformly mixed in the film. At 140 K, H/D exchange occurred in a time scale of several minutes on the uniform mixture film. Kinetic measurement gave the rate coefficient for the exchange reaction, k(140 K)=1.6(+/-0.3) x 10(-19) cm(2) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(100 K)< or =5.7(+/-0.5) x 10(-21) cm(2) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the Arrhenius activation energy, E(a)> or =9.8 kJ mol(-1). Addition of HCl on the film to provide excess protons greatly accelerated the isotopic exchange reaction such that it went to completion very quickly at the surface. The rapid reaction, however, was confined within the first bilayer (BL) of the surface and did not readily propagate to the underlying sublayer. The isotopic exchange in the vertical direction was almost completely blocked at 95 K, and it slowly occurred only to a depth of 3 BLs from the surface at 140 K. Thus, the proton transfer was highly directional. The lateral proton transfer at the surface was attributed to the increased mobility of protonic defects at the molecularly disordered and activated surface. The slow, vertical proton transfer was probably assisted by self-diffusion of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Huthwelker
- Laboratory for Radio- and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Park SC, Kang H. Adsorption, Ionization, and Migration of Hydrogen Chloride on Ice Films at Temperatures between 100 and 140 K. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:5124-32. [PMID: 16863175 DOI: 10.1021/jp045861z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of hydrogen chloride (HCl) on water ice films is studied in the temperature range of 100-140 K by using Cs+ reactive ion scattering (Cs+ RIS), low energy sputtering (LES), and temperature-programmed-desorption mass spectrometry (TPDMS). At 100 K, HCl on ice partially dissociates to hydronium and chloride ions and the undissociated HCl exists in two distinct molecular states (alpha- and beta-states). Upon heating of the ice films, HCl molecules in the alpha-state desorb at 135-150 K, whereas those in the beta-state first become ionized and then desorb via recombinative reaction of ions at 170 K. An adsorption kinetics study reveals that HCl adsorption into the ionized state is slightly favored over adsorption into the molecular states at 100 K, leading to earlier saturation of the ionized state. Between the two molecular states, the beta-state is formed first, and the alpha-state appears only at high HCl coverage. At 140 K, ionic dissociation of HCl is completed. The resulting hydronium ion can migrate into the underlying sublayer to a depth <4 bilayers, suggesting that the migration is assisted by self-diffusion of water molecules near the surface. When HCl is covered by a water overlayer at 100 K, its ionization efficiency is enhanced, but a substantial portion of HCl remains undissociated as molecules or contact ion pairs. The observation suggests that three-dimensional surrounding by water molecules does not guarantee ionic dissociation of HCl. Complete ionization of HCl requires additional thermal energy to separate the hydronium and chloride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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Jung KH, Park SC, Kim JH, Kang H. Vertical diffusion of water molecules near the surface of ice. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:2758-64. [PMID: 15281879 DOI: 10.1063/1.1770518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied diffusion of water molecules in the direction perpendicular to the surface of an ice film. Amorphous ice films of H(2)O were deposited on Ru(0001) at temperature of 100-140 K for thickness of 1-5 bilayer (BL) in vacuum, and a fractional coverage of D(2)O was added onto the surface. Vertical migration of surface D(2)O molecules to the underlying H(2)O multilayer and the reverse migration of H(2)O resulted in change of their surface concentrations. Temporal variation of the H(2)O and D(2)O surface concentrations was monitored by the technique of Cs(+) reactive ion scattering to reveal kinetics of the vertical diffusion in depth resolution of 1 BL. The first-order rate coefficient for the migration of surface water molecules ranged from k(1)=5.7(+/-0.6) x 10(-4) s(-1) at T=100 K to k(1)=6.7(+/-2.0) x 10(-2) s(-1) at 140 K, with an activation energy of 13.7+/-1.7 kJ mol(-1). The equivalent surface diffusion coefficients were D(s)=7 x 10(-19) cm(2) s(-1) at 100 K and D(s)=8 x 10(-17) cm(2) s(-1) at 140 K. The measured activation energy was close to interstitial migration energy (15 kJ mol(-1)) and was much lower than diffusion activation energy in bulk ice (52-70 kJ mol(-1)). The result suggested that water molecules diffused via the interstitial mechanism near the surface where defect concentrations were very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Jung
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Farrar JM. Proton transfer dynamics of the reaction H3O+(NH3,H2O)NH4+ studied using the crossed molecular beam technique. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:199-205. [PMID: 15267277 DOI: 10.1063/1.1630312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proton transfer reaction of H3O+ and NH3 was studied using the crossed molecular beam technique at relative energies of 0.41, 0.81, and 1.27 eV. At all three energies, the center-of-mass flux distribution of the product ion NH4+ exhibits sharply asymmetry, and the maximum is close to the velocity and direction of the precursor ammonia beam. The reaction transforms almost all of the 1.69 eV exothermicity into internal excitation of the products at all three collision energies. At the lowest collision energy of 0.41 eV, nearly 77% of the total energy appears in NH4+ internal excitation. However, almost 100% of the incremental translational energy in the two higher-energy experiments appears in the product translational energy. Such an observation provides a classic example of the "induced repulsive energy release" mechanism that is expected to be operative on the highly skewed potential energy surfaces characteristic of the heavy+light-heavy mass combination. These results indicate that the proton transfer proceeds through a direct reaction mechanism; a Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory calculation shows that the lifetime of the intermediate complex [NH3-H-H2O]+ is about 100 fs. Proton transfer occurs early on the reaction coordinate, when the incipient N-H bond is extended, and results in highly vibrationally excited NH4+ products, with excitation primarily in N-H stretching modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Shin T, Kim KN, Lee CW, Shin SK, Kang H. Self-Assembled Monolayer of l-Cysteine on Au(111): Hydrogen Exchange between Zwitterionic l-Cysteine and Physisorbed Water. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Shin
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Keun-Nam Kim
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Seung Koo Shin
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Heon Kang
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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Hahn JR, Lee CW, Han SJ, Lahaye RJWE, Kang H. Low-Energy Cs+ Scattering from Water on Pt(111): A Kinetic Energy Analysis of the Cs+−Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0203402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Hahn
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - C. W. Lee
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - S.-J. Han
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - R. J. W. E. Lahaye
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - H. Kang
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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