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Martínez-Gil D, Bargueño P, Miret-Artés S. The Interplay between Tunneling and Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:456. [PMID: 38920465 PMCID: PMC11202422 DOI: 10.3390/e26060456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In this review, the concepts of quantum tunneling and parity violation are introduced in the context of chiral molecules. A particle moving in a double well potential provides a good model to study the behavior of chiral molecules, where the left well and right well represent the L and R enantiomers, respectively. If the model considers the quantum behavior of matter, the concept of quantum tunneling emerges, giving place to stereomutation dynamics between left- and right-handed chiral molecules. Parity-violating interactions, like the electroweak one, can be also considered, making possible the existence of an energy difference between the L and R enantiomers, the so-called parity-violating energy difference (PVED). Here we provide a brief account of some theoretical methods usually employed to calculate this PVED, also commenting on relevant experiments devoted to experimentally detect the aforementioned PVED in chiral molecules. Finally, we comment on some ways of solving the so-called Hund's paradox, with emphasis on mean-field theory and decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Gil
- Fundación Humanismo y Ciencia, Guzmán el Bueno, 66, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Pedro Bargueño
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Salvador Miret-Artés
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Modelling of the torsional ir spectra of the HSSSH, DSSSH, and DSSSD molecules. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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3
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Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Perspectives on parity violation in chiral molecules: theory, spectroscopic experiment and biomolecular homochirality. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10598-10643. [PMID: 36320700 PMCID: PMC9491092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number parity and a fundamental ‘non-observable’ property of space (as defined by an absolute ‘left-handed’ or ‘right-handed’ coordinate system). The discovery of the violation of this symmetry – the non-conservation of parity or ‘parity violation’ – in 1956/1957 had an important influence on the further development of physics. In chemistry the mirror symmetry of space is connected to the existence of enantiomers as isomers of chiral (‘handed’) molecules. These isomers would relate to each other as idealized left or right hand or as image and mirror image and would be energetically exactly equivalent with perfect space inversion symmetry. Parity violation results in an extremely small ‘parity violating’ energy difference between the ground states of the enantiomers which can be theoretically calculated to be about 100 aeV to 1 feV (equivalent to 10−11 to 10−10 J mol−1), depending on the molecule, but which has not yet been detected experimentally. Its detection remains one of the great challenges of current physical–chemical stereochemistry, with implications also for fundamental problems in physics. In biochemistry and molecular biology one finds a related fundamental question unanswered for more than 100 years: the evolution of ‘homochirality’, which is the practically exclusive preference of one chiral, enantiomeric form as building blocks in the biopolymers of all known forms of life (the l-amino acids in proteins and d-sugars in DNA, not the reverse d-amino acids or l-sugars). In astrobiology the spectroscopic detection of homochirality could be used as strong evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, if any. After a brief conceptual and historical introduction we review the development, current status, and progress along these three lines of research: theory, spectroscopic experiment and the outlook towards an understanding of the evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number purity and its violation and has a fundamental relation to stereochemistry and molecular chirality.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Wichmann G, Seyfang G, Quack M. Time-dependent dynamics of nuclear spin symmetry and parity violation in dichlorodisulfane (ClSSCl) during and after coherent radiative excitation. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1959073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Medel R. Simple models for the quick estimation of ground state hydrogen tunneling splittings in alcohols and other compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17591-17605. [PMID: 34369526 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Models for the quick estimation of energy splittings caused by coherent tunneling of hydrogen atoms are evaluated with available experimental data for alcohols and improvements are proposed. The discussed models are mathematically simple and require only results from routine quantum chemical computations, i.e. hybrid DFT calculation of the equilibrium geometry and the transition state within the harmonic approximation. A benchmark of experimental splittings spanning four orders of magnitude for 27 alcohol species is captured by three evaluated models with a mean symmetric deviation factor of 1.7, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, i.e. the calculated values deviate on average by this factor in either direction. Limitations of the models are explored with alcohols featuring uncommon properties, such as an inverted conformational energy sequence, a very light molecular frame, an elevated torsional frequency, or a coupling with a second internal degree of freedom. If the splitting of either the protiated or deuterated form of an alcohol is already experimentally determined, the one of the second isotopolog can be estimated by three additional models with a mean symmetric deviation factor of 1.14, 1.19 and 1.15, respectively. It is shown that this can be achieved with a novel approach without any quantum chemical calculation by directly correlating experimental splittings of isotopologs across related species. This is also demonstrated for other classes of compounds with hydrogen tunneling, such as amines, thiols, and phenols. Furthermore, it is found that the isotope effect can even be anticipated without any further knowledge about the system solely from the size of either splitting with a mean symmetric deviation factor of 1.3. This is based on an extensive sample of 77 pairs of splittings spanning eight orders of magnitude for isotopologs of chemically diverse compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Medel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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6
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Sahu N, Richardson JO, Berger R. Instanton calculations of tunneling splittings in chiral molecules. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:210-221. [PMID: 33259074 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the ground state tunneling splittings (ΔE± ) of a number of axially chiral molecules using the ring-polymer instanton (RPI) method (J. Chem. Phys., 2011, 134, 054109). The list includes isotopomers of hydrogen dichalcogenides H2 X2 (X = O, S, Se, Te, and Po), hydrogen thioperoxide HSOH and dichlorodisulfane S2 Cl2 . Ab initio electronic-structure calculations have been performed on the level of second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory either with split-valance basis sets or augmented correlation-consistent basis sets on H, O, S, and Cl atoms. Energy-consistent pseudopotential and corresponding triple zeta basis sets of the Stuttgart group are used on Se, Te, and Po atoms. The results are further improved using single point calculations performed at the coupled cluster level with iterative singles and doubles and perturbative triples amplitudes. When available for comparison, our computed values of ΔE± are found to lie within the same order of magnitude as values reported in the literature, although RPI also provides predictions for H2 Po2 and S2 Cl2 , which have not previously been directly calculated. Since RPI is a single-shot method which does not require detailed prior knowledge of the optimal tunneling path, it offers an effective way for estimating the tunneling dynamics of more complex chiral molecules, and especially those with small tunneling splittings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityananda Sahu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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7
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Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Fundamental and approximate symmetries, parity violation and tunneling in chiral and achiral molecules. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Fábri C, Marquardt R, Császár AG, Quack M. Controlling tunneling in ammonia isotopomers. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:014102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5063470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Marquardt
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Attila G. Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT) Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) Wädenswil Switzerland
- Guest scientist, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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10
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Pérez C, Steber AL, Krin A, Schnell M. State-Specific Enrichment of Chiral Conformers with Microwave Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4539-4543. [PMID: 30047269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An interesting class of molecules is that in which the molecules do not possess a stereogenic center but can become chiral because of their spatial arrangement. These molecules can be seen as chiral conformers, whose two nonsuperimposable forms can interconvert from one to another by rotations about single bonds. Here, we show that an initially racemic mixture of chiral conformers, such as a sample of cyclohexylmethanol, C7H14O, can be enantiomerically enriched by performing the enantioselective process of coherent population transfer between rotational levels. By first performing a population transfer cycle, followed by a three-wave mixing experiment, we show that an enantiomeric excess in a rotational level of choice can be achieved. This represents the first experimental demonstration of such an effect in a chiral pair of conformers, and it showcases the broad applicability of three-wave mixing not only for analytical applications but also to a wide scope of experiments of fundamental interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Pérez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU) , E-48940 Leioa , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Amanda L Steber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Straße 1 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging at the University of Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Anna Krin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Straße 1 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging at the University of Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Straße 1 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging at the University of Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
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11
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Pratt DW, Pate BH. Chirale Prägung in der Gasphase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Pratt
- University of Vermont; Department of Chemistry; Discovery Building, 82 University Place Burlington 05405 USA
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12
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Pratt DW, Pate BH. Chiral Imprinting in the Gas Phase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16122-16124. [PMID: 29116681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Undoing the twist: Recent successful attempts to change the relative populations of two otherwise identical enantiomers of a large gas-phase molecule using resonant microwave fields are highlighted. Specifically, the population of a specific enantiomer of a chiral terpene could be enhanced relative to the other enantiomer by the application of a sequence of microwave pulses in a phase- and polarization-controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Pratt
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, Discovery Building, 82 University Place, Burlington, 05405, USA
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13
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Albert S, Bolotova I, Chen Z, Fábri C, Horný L, Quack M, Seyfang G, Zindel D. High resolution GHz and THz (FTIR) spectroscopy and theory of parity violation and tunneling for 1,2-dithiine (C4H4S2) as a candidate for measuring the parity violating energy difference between enantiomers of chiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21976-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our results show that this molecule is a suitable candidate for a possible first determination of the parity violating energy difference ΔpvE between enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Albert
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source
| | - I. Bolotova
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - C. Fábri
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - L'. Horný
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - M. Quack
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - G. Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - D. Zindel
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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14
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Dietiker P, Miloglyadov E, Quack M, Schneider A, Seyfang G. Infrared laser induced population transfer and parity selection in 14NH3: A proof of principle experiment towards detecting parity violation in chiral molecules. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:244305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4936912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Dietiker
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. Miloglyadov
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M. Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Schneider
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G. Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Fábri C, Horný Ľ, Quack M. Tunneling and Parity Violation in Trisulfane (HSSSH): An Almost Ideal Molecule for Detecting Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3584-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fábri
- Physical Chemistry; ETH Zürich, CH; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ľuboš Horný
- Physical Chemistry; ETH Zürich, CH; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry; ETH Zürich, CH; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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16
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Quack M. On Biomolecular Homochirality as a Quasi-Fossil of the Evolution of Life. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118959602.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Nahrwold S, Berger R, Schwerdtfeger P. Parity violation in nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies of chiral tetrahedral tungsten complexes NWXYZ (X, Y, Z = H, F, Cl, Br or I). J Chem Phys 2014; 140:024305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4852176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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18
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Dehghani ZT, Ota S, Mizoguchi A, Kanamori H. Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of S2Cl2: a candidate molecule for measuring ortho-para transition. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10041-6. [PMID: 23634992 DOI: 10.1021/jp400632g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S2Cl2 is a candidate for the observation of ortho-para transition. To estimate the ortho-para mixing in a hyperfine-resolved rotational state, pure rotational transitions were measured by millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectroscopy using two different experimental set-ups. The transitions from the term value around 20 K was measured with a supersonic jet and those around 200 K were measured with a dry ice cooled gas cell. Several hundred peaks were assigned for the naturally abundant S2(35)Cl2 and S2(35)Cl(37)Cl isotopic species and the rotational molecular parameters including the fourth-order and sixth-order centrifugal distortion constants were determined. The hyperfine structures were partly resolved in some Q-branch transitions, which were well described with the hyperfine constants determined by FTMW spectroscopy in the centimeter-wave region. With the new rotational constants determined in our study and the previous hyperfine constants, it will be possible to obtain a more reliable ortho-para mixing ratio and to narrow down the possible candidate transitions in the mm-wave region for the observation of ortho-para transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Tafti Dehghani
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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19
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Tokunaga SK, Stoeffler C, Auguste F, Shelkovnikov A, Daussy C, Amy-Klein A, Chardonnet C, Darquié B. Probing weak force-induced parity violation by high-resolution mid-infrared molecular spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.821186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Tokunaga
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - C. Stoeffler
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - F. Auguste
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - A. Shelkovnikov
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - C. Daussy
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - A. Amy-Klein
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - C. Chardonnet
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - B. Darquié
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
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20
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Hobi F, Berger R, Stohner J. Investigation of parity violation in nuclear spin-rotation interaction of fluorooxirane. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.816444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hobi
- Zürich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry ICBC , Campus Reidbach, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland
| | - Robert Berger
- TU Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf Institute , Petersenstrasse 22, Darmstadt, DE-64287, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Zürich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry ICBC , Campus Reidbach, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland
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21
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Grohmann T, Manz J, Schild A. Effects of molecular symmetry on the directions of nuclear flux densities during tunnelling in double well potentials. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.800599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grohmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universiät Berlin , Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jörn Manz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universiät Berlin , Berlin, 14195, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Axel Schild
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universiät Berlin , Berlin, 14195, Germany
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22
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Albert S, Lerch P, Prentner R, Quack M. Tunneling and Tunneling Switching Dynamics in Phenol and Its Isotopomers from High-Resolution FTIR Spectroscopy with Synchrotron Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Albert S, Lerch P, Prentner R, Quack M. Tunneling and tunneling switching dynamics in phenol and its isotopomers from high-resolution FTIR spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:346-9. [PMID: 23225305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tunneling and chemical reactions by tunneling switching are reported for phenol and ortho-deuterophenol on the basis of high-resolution FTIR spectroscopy. Tunneling splittings are measured for the torsional motion in the ground and several vibrationally excited states of phenol. Tunneling times range from 10 ns to 1 ps, depending on excitation. For more-highly excited torsional levels in ortho-deuterophenol, delocalization and chemical reaction by tunneling switching is found.
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24
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Czernek J, Živný O. The quantum chemical study of the electronic states of S2Cl and its monovalent ions. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4151-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Molecular Parity Violation and Chirality: The Asymmetry of Life and the Symmetry Violations in Physics. QUANTUM SYSTEMS IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5297-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Darquié B, Stoeffler C, Shelkovnikov A, Daussy C, Amy-Klein A, Chardonnet C, Zrig S, Guy L, Crassous J, Soulard P, Asselin P, Huet TR, Schwerdtfeger P, Bast R, Saue T. Progress toward the first observation of parity violation in chiral molecules by high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Chirality 2011; 22:870-84. [PMID: 20839292 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parity violation (PV) effects in chiral molecules have so far never been experimentally observed. To take up this challenge, a consortium of physicists, chemists, theoreticians, and spectroscopists has been established and aims at measuring PV energy differences between two enantiomers by using high-resolution laser spectroscopy. In this article, we present our common strategy to reach this goal, the progress accomplished in the diverse areas, and point out directions for future PV observations. The work of André Collet on bromochlorofluoromethane (1) enantiomers, their synthesis, and their chiral recognition by cryptophanes made feasible the first generation of experiments presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Darquié
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, UMR7538 Université Paris 13-CNRS, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
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Stoeffler C, Darquié B, Shelkovnikov A, Daussy C, Amy-Klein A, Chardonnet C, Guy L, Crassous J, Huet TR, Soulard P, Asselin P. High resolution spectroscopy of methyltrioxorhenium: towards the observation of parity violation in chiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:854-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01806f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dryzun C, Avnir D. Chirality Measures for Vectors, Matrices, Operators and Functions. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:197-205. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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De Montigny F, Bast R, Gomes ASP, Pilet G, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C, Guy L, Schwerdtfeger P, Saue T, Crassous J. Chiral oxorhenium(V) complexes as candidates for the experimental observation of molecular parity violation: a structural, synthetic and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8792-803. [PMID: 20532288 DOI: 10.1039/b925050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and resolution of a series of new chiral "3 + 1" oxorhenium(V) complexes, designed for high-resolution laser spectroscopy experiments probing molecular parity-violation (PV) effects in the Re=O stretching mode frequency. These complexes display a particularly simple chemical structure, with the rhenium atom as the stereogenic center, and show large PV energy differences according to our calculations. They were obtained in the racemic and enantioenriched forms, in the latter case by using either semi-preparative chiral HPLC resolution or enantioselective synthesis. The vibrational transition frequency differences between the enantiomeric pairs due to PV have been calculated with two- and four-component relativistic Hamiltonians using Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT). For three complexes, including one synthesized in enantioenriched form, our HF calculations predict frequency differences above the present resolution limit of 1 Hz. These results confirm the order of magnitude for the calculated HF PV vibrational frequency differences reported earlier for this class of compounds [P. Schwerdtfeger and R. Bast, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 1652]. However, at the DFT level the PV vibrational frequency differences are in some cases reduced by an order of magnitude, but are still within the sensitivity of 0.01 Hz, which is the anticipated sensitivity in a new proposed experiment. We therefore believe that the present study represents an important step towards the experimental observation of PV in molecular systems, and emphasizes the extreme sensitivity of the PV vibrational frequency difference to the chemical environment around the rhenium center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic De Montigny
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie Paris UMR 7223, CNRS-ENSCP Paris Cedex 05, France
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30
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Wörner HJ, Merkt F. Jahn-Teller effects in molecular cations studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and group theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6404-24. [PMID: 19670398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The traditional "ball-and-stick" concept of molecular structure fails when the motion of the electrons is coupled to that of the nuclei. Such a situation arises in the Jahn-Teller (JT) effect which is very common in open-shell molecular systems, such as radicals or ions. The JT effect is well known to chemists as a mechanism that causes the distortion of an otherwise symmetric system. Its implications on the dynamics of molecules still represent unsolved problems in many cases. Herein we review recent progress in understanding the dynamic structure of molecular cations that have a high permutational symmetry by using rotationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and group theory. Specifically, we show how the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect in the cyclopentadienyl cation causes electronic localization and nuclear delocalization. The fundamental physical mechanisms underlying the vaguely defined concept of "antiaromaticity" are thereby elucidated. Our investigation of the methane cation represents the first experimental characterization of the JT effect in a threefold degenerate electronic state. A special kind of isomerism resulting from the JT effect has been discovered and is predicted to exist in all JT systems in which the minima on the potential-energy surface are separated by substantial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Wörner H, Merkt F. Untersuchung des Jahn-Teller-Effekts in molekularen Kationen mithilfe von Photoelektronenspektroskopie und Gruppentheorie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Berger R. Breit interaction contribution to parity violating potentials in chiral molecules containing light nuclei. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:154105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2958280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Kröner D, Klaumünzer B, Klamroth T. From stochastic pulse optimization to a stereoselective laser pulse sequence: simulation of a chiroptical molecular switch mounted on adamantane. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9924-35. [PMID: 18800773 DOI: 10.1021/jp804352q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dynamical simulations for the laser-controlled isomerization of 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene mounted on adamantane are reported based on a one-dimensional electronic ground-state potential and dipole moment calculated by density functional theory. The model system 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene supports two chiral and one achiral atropisomers upon torsion around the C-C single bond connecting the phenyl ring and ethylene group. The molecule itself is bound to an adamantyl frame which serves as a model for a linker or a surface. Due to the C3 symmetry of the adamantane molecule, the molecular switch can have three equivalent orientations. An infrared picosecond pulse is used to excite the internal rotation around the chiral axis, thereby controlling the chirality of the molecule. In order to selectively switch the molecules--independent of their orientations-- from their achiral to either their left- or right-handed form, a stochastic pulse optimization algorithm is applied. A subsequent detailed analysis of the optimal pulse allows for the design of a stereoselective laser pulse sequence of analytical form. The developed control scheme of elliptically polarized laser pulses is enantioselective and orientation-selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kröner
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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34
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Quack M, Stohner J, Willeke M. High-Resolution Spectroscopic Studies and Theory of Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2008; 59:741-69. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review the high-resolution spectroscopic approach toward the study of intramolecular dynamics, emphasizing molecular parity violation. Theoretical work in the past decade has shown that parity-violating potentials in chiral molecules are much larger (typically one to two orders of magnitude) than anticipated on the basis of older theories. This makes experimental approaches toward small molecular parity-violating effects promising. The concepts and results of intramolecular dynamics derived from spectroscopy are analyzed as a sequence of symmetry breakings. We summarize the concepts of symmetry breakings (de facto and de lege) in view of parity violation in chiral molecules. The experimental schemes and the current status of spectroscopic experiments on molecular parity violation are established. We discuss the promises of detecting and accurately measuring parity-violating energy differences Δpv E on the order of 10−11 J mol−1 (approximately 100 aeV) in enantiomers of chiral molecules with regard to their contribution to fundamental physics in the framework of the standard model of particle physics and more speculative future fundamental symmetry tests such as for the combined charge conjugation, parity, and time-reversal (CPT) symmetry violation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- ETH Zürich Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Permanent address: Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Martin Willeke
- Permanent address: Departement für Materialwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Kröner D, Klaumünzer B. Laser-operated chiral molecular switch: quantum simulations for the controlled transformation between achiral and chiral atropisomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5009-17. [PMID: 17851597 DOI: 10.1039/b705974d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report quantum dynamical simulations for the laser controlled isomerization of 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene based on one-dimensional electronic ground and excited state potentials obtained from (TD)DFT calculations. 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene supports two chiral and one achiral atropisomers, the latter being the most stable isomer at room temperature. Using a linearly polarized IR laser pulse the molecule is excited to an internal rotation around its chiral axis, i.e. around the C-C single bond between phenyl ring and ethenyl group, changing the molecular chirality. A second linearly polarized laser pulse stops the torsion to prepare the desired enantiomeric form of the molecule. This laser control allows the selective switching between the achiral and either the left- or right-handed form of the molecule. Once the chirality is "switched on" linearly polarized UV laser pulses allow the selective change of the chirality using the electronic excited state as intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kröner
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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36
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Kröner D, Klaumünzer B. Stereoselective laser pulse control of an axial chiral molecular model system supporting four stereoisomers. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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38
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Morino K, Kaptein B, Yashima E. Detection of the chirality of C alpha-methylated alpha-amino acids with a dynamic helical poly(phenylacetylene) bearing aza-18-crown-6 ether pendants. Chirality 2007; 18:717-22. [PMID: 16856161 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A stereoregular poly(phenylacetylene) bearing the aza-18-crown-6 ether pendants (poly-1) was found to form a predominantly one-handed helix upon complexation with optically active C(alpha)-methylated alpha-amino acids and their amide derivatives including typical meteoritic C(alpha)-methylated alpha-amino acids such as C(alpha)-methyl norvaline and C(alpha)-methyl valine. The complexes exhibited an induced circular dichroism (ICD) in the UV-visible region of the polymer backbone. Therefore, poly-1 can be used as a novel probe for detection of the chirality of C(alpha)-methylated alpha-amino acids. The effect of the enantiomeric excess (ee) of C(alpha)-methylated alpha-amino acids on the helicity induction in poly-1 was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Morino
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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39
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Berger R, Stuber JL. Electroweak interactions in chiral molecules: two-component density functional theory study of vibrational frequency shifts in polyhalomethanes. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970601126759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Berger
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University , Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jason L. Stuber
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University , Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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40
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Berger R, Laubender G, Quack M, Sieben A, Stohner J, Willeke M. Isotopic chirality and molecular parity violation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:3623-6. [PMID: 15880539 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Berger
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Quack M, Willeke M. Stereomutation Tunneling Switching Dynamics and Parity Violation in Chlorineperoxide Cl−O−O−Cl. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3338-48. [PMID: 16509660 DOI: 10.1021/jp055770h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In a search for efficient spectroscopic avenues toward experiments on molecular parity violation, we investigate the stereomutation tunneling processes in the axially chiral chlorine isotopomers of Cl2O2 by the quasi-adiabatic channel reaction path Hamiltonian (RPH) approach and the corresponding parity violating potentials by means of quantum chemical calculations including our recently developed Multiconfiguration linear response (MC-LR) approach to electroweak quantum chemistry. The calculated ground-state torsional tunneling splittings for all isotopomers of Cl2O2 are much smaller than the parity violating energy differences Delta(pv)E between the enantiomers of these molecules and therefore parity violation is predicted to dominate the quantum dynamics of stereomutation at low energies. We also compare these with torsional ground-state tunneling splittings and parity violating energy differences of the whole series of axially chiral HXYH(+) isotopomers (with X, Y= Cl(+), O, S, Se, Te). A comparison with our previous results for the homologous molecule Cl2S2 shows that for Cl2O2 a spectroscopic high-resolution analysis should be easier and the energy region of large tunneling splittings should be more easily accessible by IR excitation. We thus propose a scheme using "tunneling switching" with vibrational excitation in order to carry out the measurement of time-dependent parity violation in superposition states of initially well-defined parity. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of such an experiment that can be carried out entirely in the IR spectral range (for Cl2O2 or related molecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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42
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Berger R, Laubender G, Quack M, Sieben A, Stohner J, Willeke M. Isotopeneffekte durch Paritätsverletzung in chiralen Molekülen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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44
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Quack M, Stohner J. Combined multidimensional anharmonic and parity violating effects in CDBrClF. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1622381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Gottselig M, Quack M, Willeke M. Mode-selective stereomutation tunneling as compared to parity violation in hydrogen diselenide isotopomers1,2,3H280Se2. Isr J Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1560/1khd-g0yt-3yeu-n16p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Laubender G, Berger R. Ab initio calculation of parity-violating chemical shifts in NMR spectra of chiral molecules. Chemphyschem 2003; 4:395-9. [PMID: 12728558 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200390070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Laubender
- Chemistry Department, Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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47
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Quack M. Wie wichtig ist Paritätsverletzung für die molekulare und biomolekulare Chiralität? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200290004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Parity violation leads to energy differences delta(pv)H(o)(0)=N(A)delta(pv)E of enantiomers in the femtojoule to picojoule per mole range. Recently introduced methods of electroweak quantum chemistry predict such energy differences to be one to two orders of magnitude larger than previously accepted-but still very small. How can such small energies be measured and what are the consequences for our understanding of molecular chirality, biomolecular homochirality, and perhaps fundamental physics? The review gives some tentative answers to these questions. We discuss the current status of theory and some of the current experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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50
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Gronheid R, Hofkens J, Köhn F, Weil T, Reuther E, Müllen K, De Schryver FC. Intramolecular Förster energy transfer in a dendritic system at the single molecule level. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:2418-9. [PMID: 11890773 DOI: 10.1021/ja017442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a dendrimer containing four donor chromophores and one acceptor chromophore are studied at the single-molecule level. Upon excitation of the donors exclusive acceptor emission is observed due to efficient Förster energy transfer. For 70% of the molecules donor emission is observed after bleaching of the acceptor, leading to a reduction of the Förster energy transfer efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in this molecular system the donor chromophores do not bleach by a triplet-sensitized photooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Gronheid
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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