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Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a glycoprotein secreted by placental trophoblast cells in pregnancy. HCG is a heterodimer composed of two different α- and β-subunits, with the latter being unique to HCG. As well as being the most important diagnostic markers for pregnancy, HCG is also a tumor marker, therefore, quantitative detection of HCG is of great value. Numerous advanced technologies have been developed for HCG concentration detection including electrochemical immunoassay, chemiluminescent immunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, resonance scattering spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, radioimmunoassay, MS and so on. Some have pursued simple and easy operation, while others have emphasized on accuracy and applications in clinical medicine. This review provides a comprehensive summary of various methods of detecting HCG.
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Ahmed MU, Hossain MM, Safavieh M, Wong YL, Abd Rahman I, Zourob M, Tamiya E. Toward the development of smart and low cost point-of-care biosensors based on screen printed electrodes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:495-505. [PMID: 25578718 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.992387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Screen printing technology provides a cheap and easy means to fabricate disposable electrochemical devices in bulk quantities which are used for rapid, low-cost, on-site, real-time and recurrent industrial, pharmaceutical or environmental analyses. Recent developments in micro-fabrication and nano-characterization made it possible to screen print reproducible feature on materials including plastics, ceramics and metals. The processed features forms screen-printed disposable biochip (SPDB) upon the application of suitable bio-chemical recognition receptors following appropriate methods. Adequacy of biological and non-biological materials is the key to successful biochip development. We can further improve recognition ability of SPDBs by adopting new screen printed electrode (SPE) configurations. This review covers screen-printing theory with special emphasis on the technical impacts of SPE architectures, surface treatments, operational stability and signal sensitivity. The application of SPE in different areas has also been summarized. The article aims to highlight the state-of-the-art of SPDB at the laboratory scale to enable us in envisaging the deployment of emerging SPDB technology on the commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- a Biosensors and Biotechnology Laboratory, Chemical Science Programme, Faculty of Science , Universiti Brunei Darussalam , Gadong , Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Mohammadali Safavieh
- c Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Yen Lu Wong
- a Biosensors and Biotechnology Laboratory, Chemical Science Programme, Faculty of Science , Universiti Brunei Darussalam , Gadong , Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Ibrahim Abd Rahman
- a Biosensors and Biotechnology Laboratory, Chemical Science Programme, Faculty of Science , Universiti Brunei Darussalam , Gadong , Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- d Center of Biomedical Engineering, Cranfield University , Bedfordshire , UK , and
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- e Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
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Singh G, Moore D, Saraf RF. Localized Electrochemistry on a 10 μm Spot on a Monolith Large Electrode: An Avenue for Electrochemical Microarray Analysis. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6055-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900313v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0642
| | - David Moore
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0642
| | - Ravi F. Saraf
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0642
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Wang J, Yuan R, Chai Y, Yin B, Xu Y, Guan S. An Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Layer-by-Layer Assembly of L-Cysteine and Nanosized Prussian Blue on Gold Electrode for Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rochelet-Dequaire M, Djellouli N, Limoges B, Brossier P. Bienzymatic-based electrochemical DNA biosensors: a way to lower the detection limit of hybridization assays. Analyst 2009; 134:349-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b816220d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sánchez S, Roldán M, Pérez S, Fàbregas E. Toward a Fast, Easy, and Versatile Immobilization of Biomolecules into Carbon Nanotube/Polysulfone-Based Biosensors for the Detection of hCG Hormone. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6508-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7025282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sánchez
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry and Microscopy Facility, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Roldán
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry and Microscopy Facility, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry and Microscopy Facility, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esteve Fàbregas
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry and Microscopy Facility, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Limoges B, Marchal D, Mavré F, Savéant JM, Schöllhorn B. Theory and Practice of Enzyme Bioaffinity Electrodes. Direct Electrochemical Product Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7259-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja7102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Damien Marchal
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François Mavré
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Michel Savéant
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernd Schöllhorn
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8640-PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Warsinke A. Electrochemical biochips for protein analysis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 109:155-93. [PMID: 17928973 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteins bear important functions for most life processes. It is estimated that the human proteome comprises more than 250,000 proteins. Over the last years, highly sophisticated and powerful instruments have been developed that allow their detection and characterization with great precision and sensitivity. However, these instruments need well-equipped laboratories and a well-trained staff. For the determination of proteins in a hospital, in a doctor's office, or at home, low-budget protein analysis methods are needed that are easy to perform. In addition, for a proteomic approach, highly parallel measurements with small sample sizes are required. Biochips are considered as promising tools for such applications. The following chapter describes electrochemical biochips for protein analysis that use antibodies or aptamers as recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Warsinke
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, iPOC Research Group, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
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Jiang ZL, Zou MJ, Liang AH. An immunonanogold resonance scattering spectral probe for rapid assay of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 387:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Renedo OD, Alonso-Lomillo M, Martínez MA. Recent developments in the field of screen-printed electrodes and their related applications. Talanta 2007; 73:202-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hart JP, Crew A, Crouch E, Honeychurch KC, Pemberton RM. Some Recent Designs and Developments of Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Analyses. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Djellouli N, Rochelet-Dequaire M, Limoges B, Druet M, Brossier P. Evaluation of the analytical performances of avidin-modified carbon sensors based on a mediated horseradish peroxidase enzyme label and their application to the amperometric detection of nucleic acids. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2906-13. [PMID: 17223030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, neutravidin-coated screen-printed carbon sensors were fully characterized and further used for the amperometric detection of specific DNA sequences of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV DNA). For this purpose, we took advantage of an earlier established relationship between the amount of HRP affinity immobilized on the surface of the electrode and the steady-state current recorded in the presence of H(2)O(2) as substrate and the single electron donor [Os(III)(bpy)(2)pyCl](2+) as cosubstrate. After incubating a saturating concentration of biotinylated horseradish peroxidase (Bio-HRP) onto the neutravidin-modified sensors, a surface concentration of active HRP of 3.6 pmol cm(-2) was calculated from the measurement of the electrocatalytic plateau current value. This result indicates that monolayers of neutravidin were adsorbed on the screen-printed carbon sensors. These neutravidin-covered platforms were then used to immobilize biotinylated nucleic acid targets. After hybridization with a complementary digoxigenin-labeled detection probe, the extent of hybrids formed was determined with an anti-digoxigenin HRP conjugate. The biosensor assay was applied to the detection of a synthetic oligonucleotide target, and then to the determination of an amplified viral DNA sequence. Monolayers of HRP-labeled oligonucleotide hybrids were immobilized onto the sensing surface whereas one third of the surface was covered with HCMV DNA hybrids. On the other hand, detection limits of 200 pM and 1 nM were obtained for the short oligonucleotide and the longer DNA targets, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that the sensitivity of the electrochemical assay could be significantly improved by using high concentrations of the reduced form of the mediator [Os(II)(bpy)(2)pyCl](+), thus allowing one to detect as low as 30 pM of amplified HCMV DNA fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naïma Djellouli
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
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Hart JP, Crew A, Crouch E, Honeychurch KC, Pemberton RM. Chapter 23 Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR ANALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Chen J, Yan F, Tan F, Ju H. Gold Nanoparticles Doped Three-Dimensional Sol-gel Matrix for Amperometric Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Immunosensor. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Hernández-Santos D, Díaz-González M, González-García MB, Costa-García A. Enzymatic genosensor on streptavidin-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes. Anal Chem 2006; 76:6887-93. [PMID: 15571337 DOI: 10.1021/ac048892z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltammetric enzyme genosensors on streptavidin-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the detection of virulence nucleic acid determinants of pneumolysin and autolysin genes, exclusively present on the genome of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, were described. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and 3-indoxyl phosphate were used as the enzymatic label and substrate, respectively. The oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on electrochemically pretreated SPCEs through the streptavidin/biotin reaction. The adsorption of streptavidin was performed by deposition of a drop of a streptavidin solution overnight at 4 degrees C on the surface of the SPCEs. After the hybridization reaction with FITC-labeled complementary targets, the enzyme is captured using an anti-FITC antibody conjugated to AP. In nonstringent experimental conditions, these genosensors can detect 0.49 fmol of 20-mer oligonucleotide target and discriminate between a complementary oligo and an oligo with a three-base mismatch. In the presence of 25% formamide in the hybridization buffer, a single-base mismatch on the oligonucleotide target can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-Santos
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo. 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Chen J, Yan F, Du D, Wu J, Ju H. Electrochemical Immunoassay of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Based on Its Immobilization in Gold Nanoparticles-Chitosan Membrane. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Andrieux CP, Limoges B, Marchal D, Savéant JM. Redox Enzymes Immobilized on Electrodes with Solution Cosubstrates. General Procedure for Simulation of Time-Resolved Catalytic Responses. Anal Chem 2006; 78:3138-43. [PMID: 16643005 DOI: 10.1021/ac052176v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of the existing and potential applications of electrochemical enzymatic catalysis with redox enzymes immobilized on the electrode surface in biosensors, a numerical calculation procedure for simulating their cyclic voltammetric responses is presented. It is applicable to systems involving a redox cosubstrate in solution. The cosubstrates, substrates, products, and inhibitors are assumed to diffuse linearly (planar electrode) between the electrode and the solution. The reactions in which the various forms of the immobilized enzyme participate may be as numerous and intricate as required by the simulation with no other restriction than the computing time. They may, at will, follow or not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Slow charge-transfer cosubstrates are treated in the framework of Butler-Volmer kinetic law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude P Andrieux
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université de Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Rivas GA, Pedano ML, Ferreyra NF. Electrochemical Biosensors for Sequence‐Specific DNA Detection. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500371121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Díaz-González M, González-García M, Costa-García A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassays. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Chen J, Yan F, Dai Z, Ju H. Reagentless amperometric immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotrophin based on direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:330-6. [PMID: 16023960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel amperometric immunosensor for determination of human serum chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was constructed by immobilization of HCG with titania sol-gel on a glassy carbon electrode and the direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled to HCG antibody (HRP-anti-HCG). The morphologies of the HCG membrane were characterized to be chemically clean, porous and homogeneous. HRP-anti-HCG was functionally conjugated with the immobilized HCG after incubation in phosphate buffer (PBS) containing HRP-anti-HCG. A direct electron transfer of HRP with a rate constant of 1.35+/-0.40 s(-1) was observed at the HRP-anti-HCG-HCG/titania sol-gel membrane modified electrode in 0.1 M PBS pH 7.0. With a competitive mechanism the differential pulse voltammetric peak current of the immobilized HRP decreased linearly with an increasing HCG concentration from 2.5 to 12.5 mIU/ml in the incubation solution. The HCG immunosensor showed a detection limit of 1.4 mIU/ml, a good accuracy and acceptable precision and reproducibility with an intra-assay CV of 4.7% at 5.0 mIU/ml and an inter-assay precision of 8.1% obtained at 10 mIU/ml. The biosensor displayed a good stability in a storage period of 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Hernández-Santos D, González-García MB, Costa-García A. Genosensor Based on a Platinum(II) Complex as Electrocatalytic Label. Anal Chem 2005; 77:2868-74. [PMID: 15859604 DOI: 10.1021/ac048091w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltammetric genosensors on streptavidin-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the detection of virulence nucleic acid determinants of pneumolysin (ply) and autolysin (lytA) genes, exclusively present on the genome of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, were described. The oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on electrochemically pretreated SPCEs through the streptavidin/biotin reaction. After that, the hybridization reaction was carried out with labeled complementary targets on the electrode surface. The ply and lytA targets were labeled using the universal linkage system, which consists of the use of a platinum(II) complex that acts as coupling agent between targets and a, usually fluorescent, molecule label. In this case, the platinum(II) complex acts as a label itself because the analytical signal is achieved by measuring chronoamperometrically the current generated by the hydrogen evolution catalyzed by platinum. In nonstringent experimental conditions, these genosensors can detect 24.5 fmol of 20-mer oligonucleotide target and discriminate between a complementary oligo and an oligo with a three-base mismatch. In presence of 25% formamide in the hybridization buffer, a single-base mismatch on the oligonucleotide target can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-Santos
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo. 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Borgmann S, Hartwich G, Schulte A, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Enzyme Sensors based on Direct and Mediated Electron Transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1871-0069(05)01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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Cai H, Shang C, Hsing IM. Sequence-specific electrochemical recognition of multiple species using nanoparticle labels. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Cai H, He PG, Fang YZ. Electrochemical impedance detection of DNA hybridization based on the formation of M-DNA on polypyrrole/carbon nanotube modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim E, Kim K, Yang H, Kim YT, Kwak J. Enzyme-Amplified Electrochemical Detection of DNA Using Electrocatalysis of Ferrocenyl-Tethered Dendrimer. Anal Chem 2003; 75:5665-72. [PMID: 14588003 DOI: 10.1021/ac034253x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a sandwich-type enzyme-linked DNA sensor as a new electrochemical method to detect DNA hybridization. A partially ferrocenyl-tethered poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (Fc-D) was used as an electrocatalyst to enhance the electronic signals of DNA detection as well as a building block to immobilize capture probes. Fc-D was immobilized on a carboxylic acid-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) by covalent coupling of unreacted amine in Fc-D to the acid. Thiolated capture probe was attached to the remaining amine groups of Fc-D on the SAM via a bifunctional linker. The target DNA was hybridized with the capture probe, and an extension in the DNA of the target was then hybridized with a biotinylated detection probe. Avidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase was bound to the detection probe and allowed to generate the electroactive label, p-aminophenol, from p-aminophenyl phosphate enzymatically. p-Aminophenol diffuses into the Fc-D layer and is then electrocatalytically oxidized by the electronic mediation of the immobilized Fc-D, which leads to a great enhancement in signal. Consequently, the amount of hybridized target can be estimated using the intensity of electrocatalytic current. This DNA sensor exhibits a detection limit of 20 fmol. Our method was also successfully applied to the sequence-selective discrimination between perfectly matched and single-base mismatched target oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Authier L, Grossiord C, Brossier P. Gold nanoparticle-based quantitative electrochemical detection of amplified human cytomegalovirus DNA using disposable microband electrodes. Anal Chem 2001; 73:4450-6. [PMID: 11575792 DOI: 10.1021/ac0103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical DNA detection method has been developed for the sensitive quantification of an amplified 406-base pair human cytomegalovirus DNA sequence (HCMV DNA). The assay relies on (i) the hybridization of the single-stranded target HCMV DNA with an oligonucleotide-modified Au nanoparticle probe, (ii) followed by the release of the gold metal atoms anchored on the hybrids by oxidative metal dissolution, and (iii) the indirect determination of the solubilized AuIII ions by anodic stripping voltammetry at a sandwich-type screen-printed microband electrode (SPMBE). Due to the enhancement of the AuIII mass transfer by nonlinear diffusion during the electrodeposition time, the SPMBE allows the sensitive determination of AuIII in a small volume of quiescent solution. The combination of the sensitive AuIII determination at a SPMBE with the large number of AuIII released from each gold nanoparticle probe allows detection of as low as 5 pM amplified HCMV DNA fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Authier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine et d Pharmacie, Dijon, France
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