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Hasan S, Khatri N, Rahman ZN, Menezes AA, Martini J, Shehjar F, Mujeeb N, Shah ZA. Neuroprotective Potential of Flavonoids in Brain Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1258. [PMID: 37759859 PMCID: PMC10526484 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large subgroup of polyphenols known to be sourced from over 6000 natural products, including fruits, vegetables, bark, and herbs. Due to their antioxidant properties, flavonoids have been implicated as a therapy source for many diseases and conditions, including inflammation, vasculitis, venous insufficiency, and hemorrhoids. Currently, some flavonoids are being researched for their antioxidant ability concerning neuroprotection. These flavonoids can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and, depending on the specific flavonoid, retain adequate bioavailability in certain brain regions. Further data suggest that flavonoids could have a strong anti-inflammatory effect in the brain, which not only could be a robust therapeutic source for known neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease or Parkinson's Disease but also could be a therapeutic source for ischemic or hemorrhagic conditions such as a stroke. While flavonoid toxicity exists, they are relatively safe and non-invasive drugs from natural origins. As such, exploring the known mechanisms and therapies may highlight and establish flavonoid therapy as a viable source of therapy for stroke patients. As stated, many flavonoids are already being isolated, purified, and implemented in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. As these flavonoids proceed to clinical trials, it will be important to understand how they function as a therapy, primarily as antioxidants, and by other secondary mechanisms. This review aims to elucidate those mechanisms and explore the neuroprotective role of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nabeel Khatri
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Zainab N. Rahman
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Amanda A. Menezes
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joud Martini
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Faheem Shehjar
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Numa Mujeeb
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Zahoor A. Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Flavone-based hydrazones as new tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthetic imines with emerging biological potential, SAR, molecular docking and drug-likeness studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Alsharif MA, Naeem N, Mughal EU, Sadiq A, Jassas R, Kausar S, Altaf AA, Zafar MN, Mumtaz A, Obaid RJ, Alsantali RI, Ahmed S, Ahmed I, Altass HM, Ahmed SA. Experimental and theoretical insights into the photophysical and electrochemical properties of flavone-based hydrazones. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Grijalva-Guiza RE, Jiménez-Garduño AM, Hernández LR. Potential Benefits of Flavonoids on the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Their Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle Excitability. Molecules 2021; 26:3557. [PMID: 34200914 PMCID: PMC8230563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites derived from plant-based foods, and they offer many health benefits in different stages of several diseases. This review will focus on their effects on ion channels expressed in vascular smooth muscle during atherosclerosis. Since ion channels can be regulated by redox potential, it is expected that during the onset of oxidative stress-related diseases, ion channels present changes in their conductive activity, impacting the progression of the disease. A typical oxidative stress-related condition is atherosclerosis, which involves the dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle. We aim to present the state of the art on how redox potential affects vascular smooth muscle ion channel function and summarize if the benefits observed in this disease by using flavonoids involve restoring the ion channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Edith Grijalva-Guiza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
| | | | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
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Hanáková Z, Hošek J, Kutil Z, Temml V, Landa P, Vaněk T, Schuster D, Dall'Acqua S, Cvačka J, Polanský O, Šmejkal K. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Natural Geranylated Flavonoids: Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Properties and Proteomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:999-1006. [PMID: 28322565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Geranyl flavones have been studied as compounds that potentially can be developed as anti-inflammatory agents. A series of natural geranylated flavanones was isolated from Paulownia tomentosa fruits, and these compounds were studied for their anti-inflammatory activity and possible mechanism of action. Two new compounds were characterized [paulownione C (17) and tomentodiplacone O (20)], and all of the isolated derivatives were assayed for their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). The compounds tested showed variable degrees of activity, with several of them showing activity comparable to or greater than the standards used in COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX assays. However, only the compound tomentodiplacone O (20) showed more selectivity against COX-2 versus COX-1 when compared with ibuprofen. The ability of the test compounds to interact with the above-mentioned enzymes was supported by docking studies, which revealed the possible incorporation of selected test substances into the active sites of these enzymes. Furthermore, one of the COX/LOX dual inhibitors, diplacone (14) (a major geranylated flavanone of P. tomentosa), was studied in vitro to obtain a proteomic overview of its effect on inflammation in LPS-treated THP-1 macrophages, supporting its previously observed anti-inflammatory activity and revealing the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zsófia Kutil
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences , 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences , 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences , 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua , 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Polanský
- Veterinary Research Institute , CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic
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Al-Zaydi K, Alshehri SM, Ben Hadda T. Structure and POM analyses of 2-{(2Z)-2-[(2R)-2-ethoxy-4-oxo-2H-chromen-3(4H)-ylidene]hydrazinyl}benzonitrile with promising parasitological activity. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wera M, Serdiuk IE, Roshal AD, Błażejowski J. 3-Hy-droxy-2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o440. [PMID: 21523104 PMCID: PMC3051573 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681100167x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C16H12O4, the benzene ring is twisted at an angle of 12.3 (1)° relative to the 4H-chromene skeleton, and an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. The methoxy group is almost coplanar with the benzene ring [1.5 (1)°]. In the crystal, inversely oriented molecules are arranged in double (A, A′) columns, along the b axis, and are linked by a network of intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (between A and A′) and C—H⋯π contacts (within A or A′). The 4H-chromene cores are parallel within A or A′, but make a dihedral angle of 88.6 (1)° between A and A′.
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Wera M, Pivovarenko VG, Błażejowski J. 3-Hy-droxy-2-(4-hy-droxy-phen-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o264-5. [PMID: 21522957 PMCID: PMC3051623 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810053407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C15H10O4, the benzene ring is twisted at an angle of 20.7 (1)° relative to the 4H-chromene skeleton. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked via a network of O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mean planes of adjacent 4H-chromene moieties are parallel or oriented at an angle of 20.9 (1)° in the crystal structure.
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Savi LA, Caon T, de Oliveira AP, Sobottka AM, Werner W, Reginatto FH, Schenkel EP, Barardi CRM, Simões CMO. Evaluation of antirotavirus activity of flavonoids. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:1142-6. [PMID: 20659535 PMCID: PMC7126014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are dietary components and the most ubiquitous phenolic compounds found in nature, showing a range of pharmacological activities including antiviral action. This study describes the antiviral screening of 60 different flavones and flavonols against human rotavirus (Wa-1 strain) as well as their cytotoxicity in MA104 cells. Cytotoxicity was investigated by cell morphology assessment and antirotavirus activity by cytopathic effect inhibition. Results were expressed as CC50 and IC50, respectively, in order to calculate the selectivity index (SI = CC50/IC50) of each compound. Structure–activity relationships (SAR) were proposed based on antirotavirus activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Anita Savi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88.040-970, Brazil
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Kanashiro A, Machado RR, Malvar DDC, Aguiar FA, Souza GEP. Quercetin does not alter lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:357-62. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.3.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fever is considered an important component of the acute phase response of the body in defence against invading organisms such as bacteria. Quercetin, an important representative of the flavonoid class, has been extensively studied as an anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we investigated the effect of quercetin, administered orally (5, 25 and 50 mg kg−1) or intraperitoneally (50 mg kg−1), on the febrile response induced by either intraperitoneally (50 μg kg−1) or intravenously (5 μg kg−1) injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS from Escherichia coli) in rats. In contrast with the well known anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin, the results demonstrate that quercetin, at the doses used, did not alter the fever induced by LPS, regardless of the route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kanashiro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciẽncias Farmacẽuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renes R Machado
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciẽncias Farmacẽuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - David do C Malvar
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciẽncias Farmacẽuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Aguiar
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciẽncias Farmacẽuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciẽncias Farmacẽuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Britton RG, Fong I, Saad S, Brown K, Steward WP, Gescher A, Sale S. Synthesis of the flavonoid 3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavonol and its determination in plasma and tissues of mice by HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:939-42. [PMID: 19282252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
3',4',5'-Trimethoxyflavonol (TMFol) was synthesized as a potential colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent. An HPLC method for determination for TMFol in murine plasma and tissues was developed and validated using human plasma. Analyte was separated (C(18) column; fluorescence detection 330nm excitation, 440nm emission) using 69% methanol and 0.1M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.1) as mobile phase. The method was linear for 50-2500ng/ml plasma and 0.05-10microg/g tissue (r>0.99). TMFol was recovered from plasma or tissues using solid phase columns or organic solvent protein precipitation, respectively. Recovery at low, medium and high concentrations was 97.6-107.3%, with inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation of <10%. The lower limit of quantitation for plasma was 50ng/ml. The method was applied to measure steady-state TMFol plasma and tissue levels in mice which received dietary TMFol (0.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Britton
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, RKCSB, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
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Vargas AJ, Geremias DS, Provensi G, Fornari PE, Reginatto FH, Gosmann G, Schenkel EP, Fröde TS. Passiflora alata and Passiflora edulis spray-dried aqueous extracts inhibit inflammation in mouse model of pleurisy. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:112-9. [PMID: 17215089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous leaves extracts of Passiflora alata (100-300 mg/kg, i.p.) and Passiflora edulis (100-1000 mg/kg, i.p.) possess a significant antiinflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice. Treatment with the extracts inhibited leukocyte migration and reduced the formation of exudate. Moreover, a significant inhibition of myeloperoxidase and adenosine-deaminase activities was observed at the doses tested (100 or 250 mg/kg, i.p.). At the same doses, a significant decrease of serum C-reactive protein was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Vargas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Jia QI. Generating and Screening a Natural Product Library for CYclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Dual Inhibitors. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART J) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(03)80016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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