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Wang Q, Huang J, Li S, Zhang Y, Sun R, Ren J, Shi S, Cui L. Fermentation supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus drives catabolism in chondrocytes via NF-κB signaling mediated increase of cholesterol metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112952. [PMID: 34848206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes irreversible cartilage degradation and subsequent permanent joint dysfunction. Recently, cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis is recognized to be associated with metabolic disorders. However, whether cholesterol metabolism is linked to septic arthritis pathology remains largely unknown. Here, we found that exposure to fermentation supernatant (FS) of S. aureus in chondrocytes resulted in a significant increase in expression of key modulators involved in cholesterol metabolism, including lectin-type oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX1), cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), 25- hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) as well as retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα), a binding receptor for cholesterol metabolites. We further demonstrated that enhancement of CH25H/CYP7B1/RORα axis resulted from FS exposure was mediated by activation of NF-κB signaling, along with upregulation in catabolic factors including matrix metallopeptidases (MMP3 and MMP13), aggrecanase-2 (ADAMTS5), and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) in chondrocytes. Exogenous cholesterol acts synergistically with FS in activating NF-κB pathway and increases cholesterol metabolism. While, the addition of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) which promotes cholesterol efflux, resulted in remarkable reduction of intracellular cholesterol level and restoration of balance between anabolism and catabolism in FS treated chondrocytes. Collectively, our data indicated that, in response to FS of S. aureus, NF-κB signaling activation coupled with increased cholesterol metabolism to stimulate catabolic factors in chondrocytes, highlighting cholesterol metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for treating septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China & Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaijun Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhu Sun
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Ren
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China & Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Sultana S, Bishayi B. Neutralization of TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 modulates S. aureus induced septic arthritis by regulating the levels of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines during the progression of the disease. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:33-51. [PMID: 29339199 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal septic arthritis remains a serious medical concern due to rapid and sustained production of inflammatory cytokines that leads to progressive and irreversible joint destruction with high mortality rate in patients despite adequate antibiotics treatment. TNF-α signalling via TNFR-1 contributes to arthritic destruction by aggravating inflammation. Impact of TNFR-2 signalling is not well established in this aspect. Hence the objective of our study was to evaluate the role of dual neutralization TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection induced septic arthritis. Mice were infected with live S. aureus (5 × 106 cells/ml) followed by administration of TNFR-1and TNFR-2 neutralizing antibody. To measure arthritis index and osteoclastogenesis, histology result in joint tissue and TRAP staining images of arthritis joints have been performed respectively. Maximum reduction in the joint and paw swelling was observed in infected mice treated with both TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 antibody. NF-κB signalling was found to be mainly regulated by TNFR-1 whereas TNFR-2 significantly modulated JNK pathway. Lowest levels of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed in both serum and synovial tissues signifying maximum protection in S. aureus arthritis during combination treatment. However IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were significantly altered by TNFR-2 neutralization that indicates both pro and anti inflammatory role of TNFR-2 respectively. Highest decrement in ROS concentration, iNOS expression with least MPO and lysozyme activity was detected in case of combined neutralization. During the early phase of infection all the aforesaid inflammatory parameters remained elevated due to lack of IL-10 as a result of TNFR-2 neutralization as IL-10 negatively modulates pro inflammatory cytokines. Increase in inflammatory cytokines during early phase might also be responsible for decreased bacterial count in TNFR-2 neutralized groups. Thus it can be suggested that combined administration of TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 antibody has a beneficial effect against the severity of S. aureus induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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Li S, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Cao W, Cui L. Exposure to fermentation supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus accelerated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and production of antimicrobial peptides. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:443-451. [PMID: 28513981 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most popular pathogen found in septic arthritis. Despite bacteria was eradicated from joint cavity during acute infection, destruction of articular cartilage often continues for years, leading to permanent joint damage. The mechanism responsible for this consistent catabolic reaction in septic arthritis remains unclear. Here, we found that fermentation supernatant (FS) of S. aureus accelerated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and induced expression of catabolic factors including A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin-1 motifs 5, NO synthase 2, matrix metalloproteinase-3, -13. In response to FS of S. aureus stimulation, expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including β-defensin-1, -2, -3, -4, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in dedifferentiated chondrocytes was significantly higher than that in chondrocytes which maintained their differentiated phenotype. Among AMPs detected, expression of CAMP in dedifferentiated chondrocytes was observed to increase 170 times higher than that in differentiated ones. When exposed to FS of S. aureus, expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17F, and IL-22 were remarkably increased in dedifferentiated chondrocytes. These results indicated that dedifferentiation of chondrocytes caused by exposure to S. aureus might be responsible for secondary osteoarthritis (OA) after acute S. aureus infection in joint. While, one potential benefit of dedifferentiation resulted from S. aureus exposure is that chondrocytes initiates a self-protective responsiveness by producing more AMPs against bacterial infection. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:443-451, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Beijing Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Beijing, 100038, P. R. China
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Heiligenstein S, Cucchiarini M, Laschke MW, Bohle RM, Kohn D, Menger MD, Madry H. In VitroandIn VivoCharacterization of Nonbiomedical- and Biomedical-Grade Alginates for Articular Chondrocyte Transplantation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:829-42. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heiligenstein
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rainer M. Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Kohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Weiss S, Geiss H, Kommerell M, Simank HG, Bernd L, Henle P. [Improving the diagnosis of septic arthritis by use of a pediatric blood culture system]. DER ORTHOPADE 2007; 35:456, 458-62. [PMID: 16344955 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-005-0900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis and outcome of bacterial joint infections are dependent on the fast and reliable identification of pathogens in the synovial fluid. Previous studies have suggested the possible advantage of using a blood culture system in contrast to conventional culture methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 101 synovial specimens from patients presenting with symptoms suggesting septic arthritis were taken by aspiration with a sterile syringe. We compared the diagnostic results of automated analysis in a blood culture system against conventional culture on solid agar plates. RESULTS Some 67 specimens (66.3%) were found to be negative in both preparations, while samples from 21 patients (20.8%) yielded the same microorganisms. In 13 cases (12.9%), the isolation of a pathogen was possible only with the blood culture method, whereas the conventional method never yielded a positive result when the blood culture was negative. Thus, the diagnostic yield was significantly improved by use of the blood culture system (P <0.001). CONCLUSION The use of a commonly available blood culture system offers a fast, reliable and cost-effective approach for the diagnosis of septic arthritis and should therefore be considered as an useful alternative to conventional culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weiss
- Abteilung Orthopädie I, Stiftung Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg
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Lee MS, Ikenoue T, Trindade MCD, Wong N, Goodman SB, Schurman DJ, Smith RL. Protective effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure on osteoarthritic chondrocytes activated by bacterial endotoxin in vitro. J Orthop Res 2003; 21:117-22. [PMID: 12507588 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of continuous passive motion (CPM) in the management of septic arthritis and inflammatory arthritis remains of interest. CPM produces cyclic variations in intraarticular pressure that facilitates transport of fluid, nutrients, and solutes within and/or across the joint and stimulates chondrocyte metabolism. However, the precise mechanisms mediating the responses of chondrocytes to joint motion remain unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that dynamic mechanical loading counteracts effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory mediator, on chondrocyte metabolism. Intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) (10 MPa for 4 h) was applied to human chondrocytes pretreated with LPS (1 microg/ml for 18 h). LPS activation of chondrocytes decreased mRNA signal levels of type II collagen by 67% and aggrecan by 56% and increased nitric oxide by 3.1-fold, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA signal levels by 6.5-fold, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA signal levels by 1.3-fold. Application of IHP to LPS-activated chondrocytes decreased nitric oxide synthase mRNA signal levels and nitric oxide levels in the culture medium. Exposure of LPS-activated chondrocytes to IHP upregulated type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA signal levels by 1.7-fold, relative to chondrocytes activated by LPS and maintained without loading. In addition, application of IHP decreased the upregulation in signal levels of monocyte chemotactic factor-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 following LPS activation by 45% and 15%, respectively. These data show that mechanical loading counteract effects of inflammatory agents, such as bacterial LPS, and suggest that postinfection sequelae are influenced by the presence or absence of joint loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel S Lee
- Rehabilitation R&D Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Wang MX, Wei A, Yuan J, Trickett A, Knoops B, Murrell GAC. Expression and regulation of peroxiredoxin 5 in human osteoarthritis. FEBS Lett 2002; 531:359-62. [PMID: 12417342 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, little is known about the antioxidant defence system in articular cartilage. We investigated the expression and regulation of peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5), a newly discovered thioredoxin peroxidase, in human normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Our results show that human cartilage constitutively expresses PRDX5. Moreover, the expression is up-regulated in OA. Inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta contribute to this up-regulation by increasing intracellular ROS production. The present study suggests that PRDX5 may play a protective role against oxidative stress in human cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Tung JT, Venta PJ, Caron JP. Inducible nitric oxide expression in equine articular chondrocytes: effects of antiinflammatory compounds. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002; 10:5-12. [PMID: 11795978 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2001.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of recombinant equine IL-1beta and a number of antiinflammatory compounds on the expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cultured equine chondrocytes. DESIGN RT-PCR methods were used to amplify a portion of the equine iNOS message to prepare an RNA probe. Northern blot analysis was used to quantify the expression of iNOS in first passage cultures of equine articular chondrocytes propagated in the presence or absence of recombinant equine interleukin-1beta (reIL-1beta), dexamethasone (DEX), polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG), hyaluronan (HA), and phenylbutazone (PBZ), each at concentrations of 10 and 100 microg/ml. Nitrite concentrations in conditioned media of similarly treated cells were used to quantify iNOS activity. RESULTS Recombinant equine IL-1beta increased the expression of iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. This result was paralleled by an increased concentration of nitrite in the culture media of reIL-1beta-treated cells. DEX and PSGAG significantly reduced iNOS gene expression and media supernatant nitrite concentrations in cytokine-stimulated cultures. HA and PBZ had no consistent effect on the expression of iNOS and did not significantly influence nitrite content of conditioned media. CONCLUSIONS NO is considered an important mediator in the pathophysiologic processes of arthritis and an inducible NOS is expressed by equine chondrocytes. Pre-translational regulation of the iNOS gene by DEX and PSGAG appears to contribute to the cartilage-sparing properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Tung
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1314, USA
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