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Puliti M, Momi S, Falcinelli E, Gresele P, Bistoni F, Tissi L. Contribution of matrix metalloproteinase 2 to joint destruction in group B Streptococcus-induced murine arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:1089-97. [PMID: 22042442 DOI: 10.1002/art.33450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in the evolution of septic arthritis induced by group B streptococci (GBS) in mice. METHODS Mice deficient in MMP-2 (MMP-2(-/-) ) and wild-type controls were injected intravenously with 1 × 10(7) colony-forming units of type IV GBS (strain 1/82). Levels of MMP-2, mortality rates, evolution of arthritis, bacterial clearance, joint histopathologic features, and production of cytokines and chemokines were examined in both experimental groups of mice on days 3, 6, and 9 after infection. RESULTS MMP-2 was produced during GBS infection. Disruption of the gene for MMP-2 resulted in a decrease in the incidence and severity of arthritis, as demonstrated by both clinical and histologic findings, without affecting mortality rates. Amelioration of arthritis was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the local production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-2 and a reduced bacterial burden. CONCLUSION MMP-2, produced early during GBS infection in mice, is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components at the level of the joint. This degradation is the first step in a cascade of events (joint invasion by GBS, extravasation and accumulation of inflammatory cells, proinflammatory cytokine production), all of which contribute to the damage of articular tissue. Thus, MMP-2 should be regarded as a potential therapeutic target in GBS-induced arthritis.
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Dai TY, Wang CH, Chen KN, Huang IN, Hong WS, Wang SY, Chen YP, Kuo CY, Chen MJ. The Antiinfective Effects of Velvet Antler of Formosan Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) on Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:534069. [PMID: 21584242 PMCID: PMC3092581 DOI: 10.1155/2011/534069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We assayed the effects of velvet antler (VA) of Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) and its extracts on the anti-infective activity against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo in this study. In vitro data indicated that the VA extracts stimulated the proliferation of resting splenocytes and macrophages in a dose-dependent manner up to the highest concentration used (150 μg mL(-1)). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12) by lipoteichoic acid was significantly suppressed after being cocultured with the VA extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Animal test in S. aureus-infected mice demonstrated that the numbers of bacteria determined in the kidneys and peritoneal lavage fluid of S. aureus-infected mice were significantly higher than those found in the same organs of mice pretreated with the VA samples. Moreover, the highly enhanced phagocytic activity of macrophages was further verified after in vitro treatment with the VA samples. The protective mechanisms of the VA samples might include an immune enhancer and an inflammatory cytokine suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yeu Dai
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50 Lane 155 Sec. 3 Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Wang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Nan Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tungnan University, Taipei 222, Taiwan
| | - I-Nung Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50 Lane 155 Sec. 3 Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50 Lane 155 Sec. 3 Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50 Lane 155 Sec. 3 Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50 Lane 155 Sec. 3 Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Kuo
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50 Lane 155 Sec. 3 Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 81, Changxing, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Lack of B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules modulates the severity of group B Streptococcus-induced arthritis. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:302-8. [PMID: 20114085 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Group B streptococci have long been known as a leading cause of life-threatening infection in neonates, young infants and pregnant women, and recently have been recognized as an ever-growing cause of serious invasive infections in nonpregnant adults. B7-1 and B7-2 are two molecules with immunoregulatory functions implicated in the differentiation of T cells. The present study examined the role of B7-1 and B7-2 during group B streptococci-induced sepsis and arthritis. B7-1- or B7-2-deficient mice were infected with 1x10(7) streptococci, and mortality, appearance of arthritis, growth of microorganisms in the organs and cytokine profile were assessed. Lack of B7-1 was associated with amelioration of arthritis, while worsening of articular lesions was found in B7-2 deficient mice, in comparison to controls. Amelioration of arthritis in B7-1 deficient mice was accompanied by a lower local production of IL-1 beta and IL-18, and increase in IL-4 and IL-10 secretion. On the contrary, B7-2 deficient mice showed an higher proinflammatory cytokine production and lower IL-10 secretion than controls. Taken together, our results provide evidence that signaling delivered by B7-1 and B7-2 plays a role in determining the outcome of group B streptococcal induced arthritis, likely due to the different local secretory pattern.
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IL-4 deficiency decreases mortality but increases severity of arthritis in experimental group B Streptococcus infection. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:394021. [PMID: 19606256 PMCID: PMC2709721 DOI: 10.1155/2009/394021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-4 is an
anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the
onset and severity in different experimental
arthritis models. Group B streptococci (GBS)
have been recognized as an ever-growing cause of
serious invasive infections in nonpregnant
adults. Septic arthritis is a clinical
manifestation of GBS infection. To investigate
the role of IL-4 in experimental GBS infection,
IL-4 deficient or competent mice were inoculated
with 1 × 107 GBS/mouse. Mortality, appearance of arthritis, GBS
growth in the organs, and local and systemic cytokine and
chemokine production were examined. IL-4−/− mice
showed lower mortality rates but increased severity of arthritis
and exhibited a lower microbial load in blood, kidneys, and joints
than wt mice. Increased local levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 accompanied the more severe arthritis in IL-4−/− mice. Our results suggest a detrimental role of IL-4 in GBS sepsis, whereas it plays a beneficial effect on GBS-induced arthritis.
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Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency is associated with enhanced severity of group B streptococcal disease. Infect Immun 2009; 77:1524-31. [PMID: 19179417 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00965-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) has been recognized as an ever-growing cause of serious invasive infections in nonpregnant adults, in particular, in association with severe underlying diseases. The most common manifestations include primary bacteremia, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, and osteoarticular infections. Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) mediates host responses to gram-positive bacteria. TLR2 function was investigated in murine GBS-induced sepsis and arthritis in wild-type (wt) and TLR2-deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. Mice were infected with different doses of GBS (10(7), 5 x 10(6), or 10(6) CFU per mouse). Mortality, appearance of arthritis, GBS growth in the organs, and local and systemic cytokine and chemokine production were examined. TLR2(-/-) mice showed earlier and higher mortality rates and increased incidence and severity of arthritis than wt mice at all the infecting doses employed. Histopathological analysis of the joints confirmed clinical observations. TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited a higher microbial load in blood, kidneys, and joints than wt animals. In vitro experiments performed with peritoneal polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages showed a significantly lower bactericidal ability of cells from TLR2(-/-) mice. Increased systemic and local levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and MIP-2 accompanied the more severe development of sepsis and arthritis in TLR2(-/-) mice. In conclusion, the lack of TLR2 was associated with an impaired host resistance to GBS infection, likely due to a diminished bacterial clearing and a consequent enhanced inflammatory response.
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Doom M, de Bruin T, de Rooster H, van Bree H, Cox E. Immunopathological mechanisms in dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:143-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kaieda S, Tomi C, Oki S, Yamamura T, Miyake S. Activation of invariant natural killer T cells by synthetic glycolipid ligands suppresses autoantibody-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1836-45. [PMID: 17530712 DOI: 10.1002/art.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with SGL-S23, a novel synthetic glycolipid analog of alpha-galactosylceramide with an elongated sphingosine chain, has been shown to strongly suppress K/BxN serum transfer arthritis. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of SGL-S23 in an effector phase of arthritis. METHODS To induce arthritis, C57BL/6 mice were injected with 150 mul of serum from K/BxN mice (KRN TCR-transgenic mice crossed with nonobese diabetic mice). Subsequently, synthetic glycolipid ligands were administered intraperitoneally twice, either 3 times starting on day 0 (the day of K/BxN serum injection) or twice starting on day 3. Neutralizing antibody against interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, or transforming growth factor beta was administered 4 hours before injection of SGL-S23. Recombinant IFNgamma was administered subcutaneously every day. The severity of arthritis was monitored using a macroscopic scoring system. Cytokine production and plasma histamine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SGL-S23 strongly suppressed K/BxN serum transfer arthritis by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequent destruction of cartilage and bone. The inhibitory effect mediated by SGL-S23 was abolished by neutralization of IFNgamma. Systemic administration of IFNgamma prevented the development of inflammatory arthritis. Histamine release was suppressed by administration of SGL-S23 or IFNgamma. Degranulated mast cells in the synovium were significantly reduced in SGL-S23-treated mice, suggesting that suppression of mast cell activation contributed to the inhibition of arthritis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that activation of iNKT cells with glycolipid ligands holds promise with regard to the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. SGL-S23 has clinical benefit over alpha-galactosylceramide since it induces a weaker cytokine production response in iNKT cells, therefore reducing potential side effects caused by excessive cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Kaieda
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Puliti M, von Hunolstein C, Marangi M, Bistoni F, Tissi L. Experimental model of infection with non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and development of septic arthritis. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:229-235. [PMID: 16434717 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a well-known cause of localized respiratory tract infections. However, this micro-organism can also be associated with invasive infections, such as endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Invasive infections are often caused by non-toxigenic strains. To set up an in vivo experimental model of C. diphtheriae infection, mice were infected intravenously with different doses (ranging from 1×107 to 5×108 bacteria per mouse) of three non-toxigenic strains, namely ISS-4749, ISS-4746 and ISS-3319. Similar mortality rates were observed with the three strains, with an LD50 ranging from 9×107 to 1·2×108. All strains were arthritogenic, although to different extents. ISS-4749 and ISS-4746 infection resulted in a maximum of 60 and 50 %, respectively, of animals with articular lesions, while in the ISS-3319-infected group only 25 % were positive. There were differences in systemic and joint cytokine production in the three experimental groups. ISS-4749- and ISS-4746-infected mice exhibited higher local levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β than ISS-3319-infected animals. At systemic levels, ISS-3319 was able to induce early and sustained production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), but not IL-6. Conversely, infection with the other strains resulted in high IL-6, but not IFN-γ, production. In conclusion, an experimental model of C. diphtheriae infection was set up, with development of septic arthritis. This model could be useful in studies on the pathogenicity and characterization of virulence factors other than toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Puliti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Christina von Hunolstein
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marangi
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bistoni
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Tissi
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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Tissi L, McRae B, Ghayur T, von Hunolstein C, Orefici G, Bistoni F, Puliti M. Role of interleukin-18 in experimental group B streptococcal arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:2005-13. [PMID: 15188378 DOI: 10.1002/art.20014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the evolution of septic arthritis induced by group B streptococci (GBS) in mice. METHODS CD1 mice were inoculated intravenously with 8 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of type IV GBS (strain 1/82), and administered intraperitoneally 1 hour before infection with anti-IL-18 monoclonal antibodies (0.25 mg/mouse). In a subsequent set of experiments, mice infected with a suboptimal arthritogenic dose of GBS (4 x 10(6) CFU/mouse) were administered different doses of recombinant IL-18 for 4 days, starting 1 hour after infection. Mortality, evolution of arthritis, bacterial clearance, joint histopathology, and cytokine production were examined in infected mice that did or did not receive treatment with anti-IL-18 antibodies or IL-18. RESULTS IL-18 was produced during GBS infection. Neutralization of IL-18 resulted in a decrease in mortality rates, and in the incidence and severity of arthritis. Amelioration of arthritis was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in local IL-1 beta, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and MIP-2 production, and reduced bacterial burden. Administration of exogenous IL-18 resulted in increased mortality rates and increased incidence and severity of GBS arthritis, concomitant with a higher number of GBS and increased levels of IL-6, IL-1 beta, MIP-1 beta, and MIP-2 production in the joints. CONCLUSION The present study indicated some involvement of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of GBS-induced arthritis. The role of IL-18 in joint pathology is shown by a regulatory effect on inflammatory mediator levels and local cell influx. Thus, IL-18 should be regarded as a potential therapeutic target in GBS infection and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Tissi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Bichemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Abstract
Acute septic arthritis may develop as a result of hematogenous seeding, direct introduction, or extension from a contiguous focus of infection. The pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis is multifactorial and depends on the interaction of the host immune response and the adherence factors, toxins, and immunoavoidance strategies of the invading pathogen. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus are used in discussing the host-pathogen interaction in the pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis. While diagnosis rests on isolation of the bacterial species from synovial fluid samples, patient history, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging studies are also important. Acute nongonococcal septic arthritis is a medical emergency that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt recognition, rapid and aggressive antimicrobial therapy, and surgical treatment are critical to ensuring a good prognosis. Even with prompt diagnosis and treatment, high mortality and morbidity rates still occur. In contrast, gonococcal arthritis is often successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy alone and demonstrates a very low rate of complications and an excellent prognosis for full return of normal joint function. In the case of prosthetic joint infections, the hardware must be eventually removed by a two-stage revision in order to cure the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Shirtliff
- Center for Biofilm Engineering Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3980, USA.
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Puliti M, von Hunolstein C, Bistoni F, Castronari R, Orefici G, Tissi L. Role of macrophages in experimental group B streptococcal arthritis. Cell Microbiol 2002; 4:691-700. [PMID: 12366405 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2002.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a clinical manifestation of group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in both neonates and adults. Because macrophages are known to participate in tissue injury, the role of this cell population in GBS-induced arthritis was investigated. Mice were rendered monocytopenic by administration of etoposide, a drug that selectively depletes the monocyte/macrophage population and then injected with GBS (1 x 10(7) colony-forming units per mouse). Appearance of arthritis, mortality, GBS growth in the organs, and local and systemic cytokine production were examined. Etoposide-treated mice had a significantly less severe arthritis than control animals. Histopathological analysis of the joints confirmed clinical observations. Decreased joint levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and IL-6 accompanied the less severe development of arthritis in monocytopenic mice. In contrast, mortality was increased in the etoposide-treated mice compared with controls. Monocytopenic mice exhibited elevated bacterial load in the blood and kidneys at all time points examined. These results indicate that lack of macrophages leads to less severe joint lesions, but also results in impaired clearance of bacteria, and consequent enhancement of mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Puliti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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Puliti M, von Hunolstein C, Bistoni F, Mosci P, Orefici G, Tissi L. The beneficial effect of interleukin-12 on arthritis induced by group B streptococci is mediated by interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 production. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:806-17. [PMID: 11920419 DOI: 10.1002/art.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) administration on the evolution of systemic infection and septic arthritis induced by group B streptococci (GBS) in mice. METHODS CD1 mice were inoculated intravenously with arthritogenic strain 1/82 of type IV GBS. Exogenous murine IL-12 was administered intraperitoneally 18 hours or 5 days after infection with 1 x 10(7) GBS, at doses ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 microg per mouse. Mice were monitored daily for survival and for signs of arthritis. In a subsequent set of experiments, mice were killed at selected times for examination of bacterial clearance, histopathologic changes in the joints, and cytokine production. RESULTS IL-12 administration before the onset of clinical signs had a beneficial effect on GBS-induced arthritis and was clearly dose-dependent. The 2.5-microg dose per mouse totally prevented death from GBS-induced arthritis. The decrease in pathology was associated with a reduction of the bacterial burden and a change in the cytokine profile. In particular, systemic and joint levels of interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and IL-10 significantly increased in mice treated with IL-12, whereas a decrease in IL-6 and IL-1 beta production was observed. The beneficial effects of IL-12, in terms of the incidence and severity of articular lesions, were reversed by coadministration of anti-IFN gamma or anti-IL-10-neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrate that IL-12 is important in controlling the cytokine production that leads to the evolution of GBS-induced experimental arthritis. The amelioration of articular lesions is mostly attributable to IL-12-induced IFN gamma, but with a relevant participation of IL-12-induced IL-10.
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Paulukat J, Bosmann M, Nold M, Garkisch S, Kämpfer H, Frank S, Raedle J, Zeuzem S, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Expression and release of IL-18 binding protein in response to IFN-gamma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:7038-43. [PMID: 11739524 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-18 and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) are two newly described opponents in the cytokine network. Local concentrations of these two players may determine biological functions of IL-18 in the context of inflammation, infection, and cancer. As IL-18 appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and may modulate tumor growth, we investigated the IL-18/IL-18BPa system in the human colon carcinoma/epithelial cell line DLD-1. In this study, we report that IFN-gamma induces expression and release of IL-18BPa from DLD-1 cells. mRNA induction and secretion of IL-18BPa immunoreactivity were associated with an activity that significantly impaired release of IFN-gamma by IL-12/IL-18-stimulated PBMC. Inducibility of IL-18BPa by IFN-gamma was also observed in LoVo, Caco-2, and HCT116 human colon carcinoma cell lines and in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Induction of IL-18BPa in colon carcinoma/epithelial cell lines was suppressed by coincubation with sodium butyrate. IFN-gamma-mediated IL-18BPa and its suppression by sodium butyrate were confirmed in organ cultures of intestinal colonic biopsy specimens. In contrast, sodium butyrate did not modulate expression of IL-18. The present data suggest that IFN-gamma may limit biological functions of IL-18 at sites of colonic immune activation by inducing IL-18BPa production. Down-regulation of IL-18BPa by sodium butyrate suggests that reinforcement of local IL-18 activity may contribute to actions of this short-chain fatty acid in the colonic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paulukat
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt and Second Department of Medicine, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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