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Liu T, Kawochar MA, Begum S, Wang E, Zhou T, Jing S, Liu T, Yu L, Nie B, Song B. Potato tonoplast sugar transporter 1 controls tuber sugar accumulation during postharvest cold storage. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad035. [PMID: 37799627 PMCID: PMC10548405 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold-induced sweetening (CIS), the undesirable sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, is a severe postharvest issue in the potato processing industry. Although the process of sucrose hydrolysis by vacuolar invertase during potato CIS is well understood, there is limited knowledge about the transportation of sucrose from the cytosol to the vacuole during postharvest cold storage. Here, we report that among the three potato tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), StTST1 exhibits the highest expression in tubers during postharvest cold storage. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrates that StTST1 is a tonoplast-localized protein. StTST1 knockdown decreases reducing sugar accumulation in tubers during low-temperature storage. Compared to wild-type, potato chips produced from StTST1-silenced tubers displayed significantly lower acrylamide levels and lighter color after cold storage. Transcriptome analysis manifests that suppression of StTST1 promotes starch synthesis and inhibits starch degradation in cold-stored tubers. We further establish that the increased sucrose content in the StTST1-silenced tubers might cause a decrease in the ABA content, thereby inhibiting the ABA-signaling pathway. We demonstrate that the down-regulation of β-amylase StBAM1 in StTST1-silenced tubers might be directly controlled by ABA-responsive element-binding proteins (AREBs). Altogether, we have shown that StTST1 plays a critical role in sugar accumulation and starch metabolism regulation during postharvest cold storage. Thus, our findings provide a new strategy to improve the frying quality of cold-stored tubers and reduce the acrylamide content in potato chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Liu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Bihua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
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2
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Liu T, Kawochar MA, Liu S, Cheng Y, Begum S, Wang E, Zhou T, Liu T, Cai X, Song B. Suppression of the tonoplast sugar transporter, StTST3.1, affects transitory starch turnover and plant growth in potato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:342-356. [PMID: 36444716 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transitory starch and vacuolar sugars function as highly dynamic pools of instantly accessible metabolites in plant leaf cells. Their metabolic regulation is critical for plant survival. The tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), responsible for sugar uptake into vacuoles, regulate cellular sugar partitioning and vacuolar sugar accumulation. However, whether TSTs are involved in leaf transient starch turnover and plant growth is unclear. Here, we found that suppressing StTST3.1 resulted in growth retardation and pale green leaves in potato plants. StTST3.1-silenced plants displayed abnormal chloroplasts and impaired photosynthetic performance. The subcellular localization assay and the oscillation expression patterns revealed that StTST3.1 encoded a tonoplast-localized protein and responded to photoperiod. Moreover, RNA-seq analyses identified that starch synthase (SS2 and SS6) and glucan water, dikinase (GWD), were downregulated in StTST3.1-silenced lines. Correspondingly, the capacity for starch synthesis and degradation was decreased in StTST3.1-silenced lines. Surprisingly, StTST3.1-silenced leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of maltose but low levels of sucrose and hexose. Additionally, chlorophyll content was reduced in StTST3.1-silenced leaves. Analysis of chlorophyll metabolic pathways found that Non-Yellow Coloring 1 (NYC1)-like (NOL), encoding a chloroplast-localized key enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of chlorophyll b degradation, was upregulated in StTST3.1-silenced leaves. Transient overexpression of StNOL accelerated chlorophyll b degradation in tobacco leaves. Our results indicated that StTST3.1 is involved in transitory starch turnover and chlorophyll metabolism, thereby playing a critical role in normal potato plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingkui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Cold Tolerance of ScCBL6 Is Associated with Tonoplast Transporters and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5579-5592. [DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants that are adapted to harsh environments offer enormous opportunity to understand stress responses in ecological systems. Stipa capillacea is widely distributed in the frigid and arid region of the Tibetan Plateau, but its signal transduction system under cold stress has not been characterized. In this study, we isolated a cDNA encoding the signal transduction protein, ScCBL6, from S. capillacea, and evaluated its role in cold tolerance by ectopically expressing it in Arabidopsis. Full-length ScCBL6 encode 227 amino acids, and are clustered with CBL6 in Stipa purpurea and Oryza sativa in a phylogenetic analysis. Compared with tolerance in wild-type (WT) plants, ScCBL6-overexpressing plants (ScCBL6-OXP) were more tolerant to cold stress but not to drought stress, as confirmed by their high photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm) and survival rate under cold stress. We further compared their cold-responsive transcriptome profiles by RNA sequencing. In total, 3931 genes were differentially expressed by the introduction of ScCBL6. These gene products were involved in multiple processes such as the immune system, lipid catabolism, and secondary metabolism. A KEGG pathway analysis revealed that they were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and biomacromolecule metabolism. Proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes were predicted to be localized in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles, suggesting that ScCBL6 exerts a wide range of functions. Based on its tonoplast subcellular location combined with integrated transcriptome and physiological analyses of ScCBL6-OXP, we inferred that ScCBL6 improves plant cold stress tolerance in Arabidopsis via the regulation of photosynthesis, redox status, and tonoplast metabolite transporters.
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Li J, Zhang M, Zhou L. Protein S-acyltransferases and acyl protein thioesterases, regulation executors of protein S-acylation in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956231. [PMID: 35968095 PMCID: PMC9363829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein S-acylation, also known as palmitoylation, is an important lipid post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotes. S-acylation plays critical roles in a variety of protein functions involved in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The status of S-acylation on proteins is dynamic and reversible, which is catalyzed by protein S-acyltransferases (PATs) and reversed by acyl protein thioesterases. The cycle of S-acylation and de-S-acylation provides a molecular mechanism for membrane-associated proteins to undergo cycling and trafficking between different cell compartments and thus works as a switch to initiate or terminate particular signaling transductions on the membrane surface. In plants, thousands of proteins have been identified to be S-acylated through proteomics. Many S-acylated proteins and quite a few PAT-substrate pairs have been functionally characterized. A recently characterized acyl protein thioesterases family, ABAPT family proteins in Arabidopsis, has provided new insights into the de-S-acylation process. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the S-acylation and de-S-acylation process is surprisingly incomplete. In this review, we discuss how protein S-acylation level is regulated with the focus on catalyzing enzymes in plants. We also propose the challenges and potential developments for the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling protein S-acylation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manqi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Zhang R, Dong Q, Zhao P, Eickelkamp A, Ma C, He G, Li F, Wallrad L, Becker T, Li Z, Kudla J, Tian X. The potassium channel GhAKT2bD is regulated by CBL-CIPK calcium signaling complexes and facilitates K + allocation in cotton. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1904-1920. [PMID: 35561107 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient allocation of the essential nutrient potassium (K+ ) is a central determinant of plant ion homeostasis and involves AKT2 K+ channels. Here, we characterize four AKT2 K+ channels from cotton and report that xylem and phloem expressed GhAKT2bD facilitates K+ allocation and that AKT2-silencing impairs plant growth and development. We uncover kinase activity-dependent activation of GhAKT2bD-mediated K+ uptake by AtCBL4-GhCIPK1 calcium signaling complexes in HEK293T cells. Moreover, AtCBL4-AtCIPK6 complexes known to convey activation of AtAKT2 in Arabidopsis also activate cotton GhAKT2bD in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these findings reveal an essential role for AKT2 in the source-sink allocation of K+ in cotton and identify GhAKT2bD as subject to complex regulation by CBL-CIPK Ca2+ sensor-kinase complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qiuyan Dong
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anna Eickelkamp
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Chunmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gefeng He
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lukas Wallrad
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Becker
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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6
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Kawochar MA, Cheng Y, Begum S, Wang E, Zhou T, Liu T, Liu T, Song B. Suppression of the tonoplast sugar transporter StTST3.2 improves quality of potato chips. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153603. [PMID: 34959218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Which sugar transporter regulates sugar accumulation in tubers is largely unknown. Accumulation of reducing sugar (RS) in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers negatively affects the quality of tubers undergoing the frying process. However, little is known about the genes involved in regulating RS content in tubers at harvest. Here, we have identified two tonoplast sugar transporter (TST) 3-type isoforms (StTST3.1 and StTST3.2) in potato. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicate that StTST3.1 and StTST3.2 possess distinct expression patterns in various potato tissues. StTST3.2 was found to be the expressed TST3-type isoform in tubers. Further subcellular localization analysis revealed that StTST3.2 was targeted to the tonoplast. Silencing of StTST3.2 in potato by stable transformation resulted in significantly lower RS content in tubers at harvest or after room temperature storage, suggesting StTST3.2 plays an important role in RS accumulation in tubers. Accordingly, compared with the unsilenced control, potato chips processed from StTST3.2-silenced tubers exhibited lighter color and dramatically decreased acrylamide production at harvest or after room temperature storage. In addition, we demonstrated that silencing of StTST3.2 has no significant effect on potato growth and development. Thus, suppression of StTST3.2 could be another effective approach for improving processing quality and decreasing acrylamide content in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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7
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Zhao C, William D, Sandhu D. Isolation and characterization of Salt Overly Sensitive family genes in spinach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:520-532. [PMID: 32418228 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway regulates intracellular sodium ion homeostasis as a salt-stress response in plants. This pathway involves three main genes designated as SOS1, SOS2 and SOS3, which are members of the Na+ /H+ exchanger (NHX), CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) and Calcineurin B-like (CBL) gene families, respectively. To identify and characterize SOS genes in spinach (Spinacia oleracea), a species of the Amaranthaceae family, we conducted genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analyses of NHX, CIPK and CBL genes from four Amaranthaceae species, Arabidopsis and rice. Most Amaranthaceae genes exhibited orthologous relationships with Arabidopsis and/or rice, except a clade of Vac-type Amaranthaceae NHX genes. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed gene gain/loss events in Amaranthaceae species and the intron-less to intron-rich evolution of CIPK genes. A bacterial protein-rooted CIPK tree allowed naming most of the phylogenetic clades based on their evolutionary history. Single S. oleracea (So) SOS1, SOS2 and SOS3 proteins were identified. Direct protein-protein interaction was observed between SoSOS2 and SoSOS3 but not between SoSOS2 and SoSOS1 based on yeast two-hybrid assay. This may suggest distinct modes of action of spinach SOS proteins compared to Arabidopsis SOS proteins. Unlike SoSOS1 and SoSOS2, which were expressed at similar or higher levels in leaves than roots, SoSOS3 expression was significantly higher in roots than leaves, suggesting its greater importance in roots. The expression of SoSOS3 was upregulated in both roots and leaves under salinity compared to the control; however, SoSOS1 was only upregulated in roots. Thus, this study demonstrated the conservation of SOS pathway genes in spinach and also highlighted the complexity of SOS signaling in Amaranthaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhao
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, California, 92507, USA
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
| | - David William
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California, 92521, USA
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, California, 92507, USA
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8
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Villalta I, García E, Hornero-Mendez D, Carranco R, Tello C, Mendoza I, De Luca A, Andrés Z, Schumacher K, Pardo JM, Quintero FJ. Distinct Roles of N-Terminal Fatty Acid Acylation of the Salinity-Sensor Protein SOS3. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691124. [PMID: 34630451 PMCID: PMC8494787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) pathway controls the net uptake of sodium by roots and the xylematic transfer to shoots in vascular plants. SOS3/CBL4 is a core component of the SOS pathway that senses calcium signaling of salinity stress to activate and recruit the protein kinase SOS2/CIPK24 to the plasma membrane to trigger sodium efflux by the Na/H exchanger SOS1/NHX7. However, despite the well-established function of SOS3 at the plasma membrane, SOS3 displays a nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution whose physiological meaning is not understood. Here, we show that the N-terminal part of SOS3 encodes structural information for dual acylation with myristic and palmitic fatty acids, each of which commands a different location and function of SOS3. N-myristoylation at glycine-2 is essential for plasma membrane association and recruiting SOS2 to activate SOS1, whereas S-acylation at cysteine-3 redirects SOS3 toward the nucleus. Moreover, a poly-lysine track in positions 7-11 that is unique to SOS3 among other Arabidopsis CBLs appears to be essential for the correct positioning of the SOS2-SOS3 complex at the plasma membrane for the activation of SOS1. The nuclear-localized SOS3 protein had limited bearing on the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis. These results are evidence of a novel S-acylation dependent nuclear trafficking mechanism that contrasts with alternative subcellular targeting of other CBLs by S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Villalta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elena García
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Dámaso Hornero-Mendez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Raúl Carranco
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Imelda Mendoza
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Anna De Luca
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Pardo,
| | - Francisco J. Quintero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Francisco J. Quintero,
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9
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S-acylation in plants: an expanding field. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:529-536. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S-acylation is a common yet poorly understood fatty acid-based post-translational modification of proteins in all eukaryotes, including plants. While exact roles for S-acylation in protein function are largely unknown the reversibility of S-acylation indicates that it is likely able to play a regulatory role. As more studies reveal the roles of S-acylation within the cell it is becoming apparent that how S-acylation affects proteins is conceptually different from other reversible modifications such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination; a new mind-set is therefore required to fully integrate these data into our knowledge of plant biology. This review aims to highlight recent advances made in the function and enzymology of S-acylation in plants, highlights current and emerging technologies for its study and suggests future avenues for investigation.
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Konrad KR, Maierhofer T, Hedrich R. Spatio-temporal Aspects of Ca2+ Signalling: Lessons from Guard Cells and Pollen Tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4986225. [PMID: 29701811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) serve to transmit information in eukaryotic cells. The involvement of this second messenger in plant cell growth as well as osmotic- and water relations is well established. After almost 40 years of intense research on the coding and decoding of plant Ca2+ signals, numerous proteins involved in Ca2+ action have been identified. However, we are still far from understanding the complexity of Ca2+ networks. New in vivo Ca2+ imaging techniques combined with molecular genetics allow visualisation of spatio-temporal aspects of Ca2+ signalling. In parallel, cell biology together with protein biochemistry and electrophysiology are able to dissect information processing by this second messenger in space and time. Here we focus on the time-resolved changes in cellular events upon Ca2+ signals, concentrating on the two best-studied cell types, pollen tubes and guard cells. We put their signalling networks side by side, compare them with those of other cell types and discuss rapid signalling in the context of Ca2+ transients and oscillations to regulate ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Konrad
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Maierhofer
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
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