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Xiong Y, Wang X, Gong M, Ji Q, Li Y, Hu A, Lu M, Xu B. Acupoints catgut embedding recovers leptin resistance via improving autophagy progress mediated by AMPK-mTOR signaling in obese mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29094. [PMID: 38623207 PMCID: PMC11016596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Leptin resistance represents a primary pathological manifestation in obesity. Investigating potential treatments and associated mechanisms to restore leptin sensitivity is crucial for effective obesity management. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of acupoints catgut embedding (ACE) in addressing obesity and its associated leptin resistance. Methods A simple obesity model was established by subjecting C57 male mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by ACE treatment administered to half of the obese mice for a duration of 4 weeks. The levels of leptin and its receptor-lepRb, were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Autophagy progression markers were evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Also, the liver autophagosomes were photographed using electron microscopy. The role of autophagy in regulating leptin resistance was elucidated using an autophagy suppression model. Results Comparative analyses demonstrated that ACE treatment resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and blood lipid levels compared to the HFD group. Furthermore, serum leptin levels decreased, while liver lepRb expression increased following ACE treatment. The mRNA and protein expression levels of autophagy in liver were adjusted by ACE treatment. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of ACE were attenuated upon the administration of an autophagy inhibitor. Additionally, ACE treatment led to the activation of the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, a crucial regulator of autophagy. Conclusion These findings suggest that ACE therapy holds promise for recovering leptin resistance by enhancing autophagy progression, mediated via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Meirong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingjie Ji
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kunming Angel Women's & Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Anli Hu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
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Amber S, Zahid S. An in silico approach to identify potential downstream targets of miR-153 involved in Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2024; 15:1271404. [PMID: 38299037 PMCID: PMC10824926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1271404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Messenger RNA (mRNA) targeting for regulation of gene expression by miRNAs has been implicated in the annotation of disease pathophysiology as well as in the explication of their starring role in contemporary therapeutic interventions. One such miRNA is miR-153 which mediates the survival of cortical neurons and inhibits plaque formation. However, the core mRNA targets of miR-153 have not been fully illustrated. Objective: The present study aimed to elucidate the potential involvement of miR-153 in AD pathogenesis and to reveal its downstream targets. Methods: miRanda was used to identify AD-associated targets of miR-153. TargetScan, PicTar, miRmap, and miRDB were further used to validate these targets. STRING 12 was employed to assess the protein-protein interaction network while Gene ontology (GO) analysis was carried out to identify the molecular functions exhibited by these gene targets. Results: In silico analysis using miRanda predicted five important AD-related targets of miR-153, including APP, SORL1, PICALM, USF1, and PSEN1. All five target genes are negatively regulated by miR-153 and are substantially involved in AD pathogenesis. A protein interaction network using STRING 12 uncovered 30 potential interacting partners for SORL1, PICALM, and USF1. GO analysis revealed that miR-153 target genes play a critical role in neuronal survival, differentiation, exon guidance, amyloid precursor protein processing, and synapse formation. Conclusion: These findings unravel the potential role of miR-153 in the pathogenesis of AD and provide the basis for forthcoming experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zeng YL, Gao F, Zhang C, Ren PP, Ma L, Wang X, Wang R, Kang Y, Li K. USF1 modulates transcription and cellular functions by regulating multiple transcription factors in Huh7 cells. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:532. [PMID: 38020298 PMCID: PMC10655063 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a malignant tumor that has high rates of metastasis and mortality worldwide. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) is a canonical transcription factor (TF) and is associated with the pathogenesis of several cancers, but its biological functions and molecular targets in HCC remain unclear. Huh7 cells that overexpress USF1 were used with whole transcriptome profiling through RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing methods to investigate the downstream targets of USF1. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was then used to validate the downstream targets. The results showed that USF1 significantly regulates 350 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The upregulated DEGs were primarily protein-coding genes enriched in immune and inflammation response pathways, while the downregulated DEGs were mainly coding long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, indicating the regulatory function of USF1. It was also demonstrated that USF1 directly binds to the promoter region of 2,492 genes, which may be involved in the viral progression and cell proliferation pathways. By integrating these two datasets, 16 overlapped genes were detected, including downregulated lncRNA-NEAT1 and upregulated TF-ETV5. The downregulated lncRNA-NEAT1 showed reverse expression pattern and prognosis result compared with that of USF1 in patients with liver cancer, while upregulated TF-ETV5 showed consistent results with USF1. Promoter region motif analysis indicated that ETV5 has more binding motifs and genes than USF1 itself for USF1-regulated DEGs, indicating that USF1 may indirectly modulate gene expression by regulating ETV5 expression in Huh7 cells. The study also validated the direct interaction between USF1 and the promoter of ETV5 using ChIP-qPCR. In summary, the results demonstrated that USF1 binds to the promoter region of thousands of genes and affects a large part of DEGs indirectly. Downstream genes, including lncRNA-NEAT1 and TF-ETV5, may also have potential functions in the regulated network by USF1 and have potential functions in the progression of HCC. The present findings suggested that USF1 and its downstream targets could be potential targets for HCC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Ruzhen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Role of AMPK-SREBP Signaling in Regulating Fatty Acid Binding-4 (FABP4) Expression following Ethanol Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111613. [PMID: 36358315 PMCID: PMC9687530 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) is not normally expressed in the liver but is induced in alcohol-dependent liver disease (ALD)). This study sought to identify mechanisms whereby ethanol (EtOH) metabolism alters triglyceride accumulation and FABP4 production. Human hepatoma cells which were stably transfected to express alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) were exposed to EtOH in the absence/presence of inhibitors of ADH (4-methylpyrazole) or CYP2E1 (chlormethiazole). Cells were analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA) content and FABP4 mRNA, then culture medium assayed for FABP4 levels. Cell lysates were analyzed for AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and Lipin-1β activity and localization in the absence/presence of EtOH and pharmacological inhibitors. CYP2E1-EtOH metabolism led to increased FABP4 mRNA/protein expression and FFA accumulation. Analysis of signaling pathway activity revealed decreased AMPKα activation and increased nuclear-SREBP-1c localization following CYP2E1-EtOH metabolism. The role of AMPKα-SREBP-1c in regulating CYP2E1-EtOH-dependent FFA accumulation and increased FABP4 was confirmed using pharmacological inhibitors and over-expression of AMPKα. Inhibition of ACC or Lipin-1β failed to prevent FFA accumulation or changes in FABP4 mRNA expression or protein secretion. These data suggest that CYP2E1-EtOH metabolism inhibits AMPKα phosphorylation to stimulate FFA accumulation and FABP4 protein secretion via an SREBP-1c dependent mechanism.
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Peng J, Cai D, Zeng R, Zhang C, Li G, Chen S, Yuan X, Peng L. Upregulation of Superenhancer-Driven LncRNA FASRL by USF1 Promotes De Novo Fatty Acid Biosynthesis to Exacerbate Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2204711. [PMID: 36307901 PMCID: PMC9811444 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Superenhancers drive abnormal gene expression in tumors and promote malignancy. However, the relationship between superenhancer-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and abnormal metabolism is unknown. This study identifies a novel lncRNA, fatty acid synthesis-related lncRNA (FASRL), whose expression is driven by upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) through its superenhancer. FASRL promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, FASRL binds to acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA), a fatty acid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme, increasing fatty acid synthesis via the fatty acid metabolism pathway. Moreover, the expression of FASRL, USF1, and ACACA is increased, and their high expression indicates a worse prognosis in HCC patients. In summary, USF1 drives FASRL transcription via a superenhancer. FASRL binding to ACACA increases fatty acid synthesis and lipid accumulation to mechanistically exacerbate HCC. FASRL may serve as a novel prognostic marker and treatment target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Yun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
- Medical Research CenterSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
| | - Dian‐Kui Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
| | - Ren‐Li Zeng
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
| | - Chao‐Yang Zhang
- Division of Functional Genome AnalysisGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Guan‐Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of EducationCentral South UniversityChangsha410078P. R. China
- Cancer Research InstituteCentral South UniversityChangsha410078P. R. China
| | - Si‐Fan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
- Medical Research CenterSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
| | - Li Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationGuangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
- Medical Research CenterSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
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6
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Environmental adaptation in fish induced changes in the regulatory region of fatty acid elongase gene, elovl5, involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:144-153. [PMID: 35120941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish are the main source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) for human consumption. In the process of evolution via natural selection, adaptation to distinct environments has likely driven changes in the endogenous capacity for LC-PUFA biosynthesis between marine and freshwater fishes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive changes in this metabolic pathway are poorly understood. Here, we compared the transcriptional regulation of elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 (Elovl5), which is one of the critical enzymes in LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway, in marine large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative transcriptomic and absolute mRNA quantification analyses revealed that the expression of elovl5 in rainbow trout was markedly higher than that in large yellow croaker. Correspondingly, the number of chromatin accessible areas in the regulatory region of elovl5 in rainbow trout was higher than in large yellow croaker, which revealed that chromatin accessibility in the regulatory region of elovl5 in rainbow trout was higher. Furthermore, the differences in sequence and activity of the elovl5 promoter were observed between rainbow trout and large yellow croaker, and transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (CEBPβ), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) displayed different regulatory roles on elovl5 expression between the two species. We propose that changes in the gene regulatory region driven by natural selection likely play a key role in differences in elovl5 expression and the activity of Elovl5, which may influence the LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacities of rainbow trout and large yellow croaker. These findings may also provide opportunities to improve the quality of aquatic products and, consequently, human health.
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Ding H, Ge G, Tseng Y, Ma Y, Zhang J, Liu J. Hepatic autophagy fluctuates during the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:516-522. [PMID: 32553647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Autophagy has emerged as a critical regulatory pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the variability of hepatic autophagy during NAFLD development remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of hepatic autophagy and its underlying mechanism during NAFLD development both in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Autophagy markers were evaluated in the livers of mice fed a high fat diet or a methionine-choline-deficient diet and in HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) by western blotting. Intrahepatic and intracellular triacylglycerol levels were assessed using biochemical quantification and lipid staining. Autophagic flux was monitored using an LC3 turnover assay and tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence analysis. RESULTS Hepatic autophagy was enhanced in early stages but blocked at later stages of NAFLD development both in vivo and in vitro. Analysis of autophagic flux revealed that both autophagic synthesis and degradation were initially activated and progressively inhibited afterwards. The activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central regulator of autophagy, was found to be negatively correlated with autophagic synthesis; moreover, pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin alleviated hepatic steatosis through recovery of autophagic flux in hepatocytes with prolonged PA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic autophagy fluctuates during the development of NAFLD in which mTORC1 signalling plays a critical regulatory role, suggesting a therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation by targeting the mTORC1 signalling pathway in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China; China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Six-sector Industrial Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Baddam P, Young D, Dunsmore G, Nie C, Eaton F, Elahi S, Jovel J, Adesida AB, Dufour A, Graf D. Nasal Septum Deviation as the Consequence of BMP-Controlled Changes to Cartilage Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696545. [PMID: 34249945 PMCID: PMC8265824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal septum cartilage is a specialized hyaline cartilage important for normal midfacial growth. Abnormal midfacial growth is associated with midfacial hypoplasia and nasal septum deviation (NSD). However, the underlying genetics and associated functional consequences of these two anomalies are poorly understood. We have previously shown that loss of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) from neural crest (BMP7 ncko ) leads to midfacial hypoplasia and subsequent septum deviation. In this study we elucidate the cellular and molecular abnormalities underlying NSD using comparative gene expression, quantitative proteomics, and immunofluorescence analysis. We show that reduced cartilage growth and septum deviation are associated with acquisition of elastic cartilage markers and share similarities with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The genetic reduction of BMP2 in BMP7 ncko mice was sufficient to rescue NSD and suppress elastic cartilage markers. To our knowledge this investigation provides the first genetic example of an in vivo cartilage fate switch showing that this is controlled by the relative balance of BMP2 and BMP7. Cellular and molecular changes similar between NSD and knee OA suggest a related etiology underlying these cartilage abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranidhi Baddam
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chunpeng Nie
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Filali-Mouncef Y, Hunter C, Roccio F, Zagkou S, Dupont N, Primard C, Proikas-Cezanne T, Reggiori F. The ménage à trois of autophagy, lipid droplets and liver disease. Autophagy 2021; 18:50-72. [PMID: 33794741 PMCID: PMC8865253 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1895658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagic pathways cross with lipid homeostasis and thus provide energy and essential building blocks that are indispensable for liver functions. Energy deficiencies are compensated by breaking down lipid droplets (LDs), intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, in part by a selective type of autophagy, referred to as lipophagy. The process of lipophagy does not appear to be properly regulated in fatty liver diseases (FLDs), an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Here we provide an overview on our current knowledge of the biogenesis and functions of LDs, and the mechanisms underlying their lysosomal turnover by autophagic processes. This review also focuses on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a specific type of FLD characterized by steatosis, chronic inflammation and cell death. Particular attention is paid to the role of macroautophagy and macrolipophagy in relation to the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of the liver in NASH, as this disease has been associated with inappropriate lipophagy in various cell types of the liver.Abbreviations: ACAT: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; ACAC/ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG: autophagy related; AUP1: AUP1 lipid droplet regulating VLDL assembly factor; BECN1/Vps30/Atg6: beclin 1; BSCL2/seipin: BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREB1/CREB: cAMP responsive element binding protein 1; CXCR3: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3; DAGs: diacylglycerols; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; DGAT: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase; DNL: de novo lipogenesis; EHBP1/NACSIN (EH domain binding protein 1); EHD2/PAST2: EH domain containing 2; CoA: coenzyme A; CCL/chemokines: chemokine ligands; CCl4: carbon tetrachloride; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; FA: fatty acid; FFAs: free fatty acids; FFC: high saturated fats, fructose and cholesterol; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; FITM/FIT: fat storage inducing transmembrane protein; FLD: fatty liver diseases; FOXO: forkhead box O; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GPAT: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HECT: homologous to E6-AP C-terminus; HFCD: high fat, choline deficient; HFD: high-fat diet; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; ITCH/AIP4: itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; KCs: Kupffer cells; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; LDs: lipid droplets; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LEP/OB: leptin; LEPR/OBR: leptin receptor; LIPA/LAL: lipase A, lysosomal acid type; LIPE/HSL: lipase E, hormone sensitive type; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LSECs: liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; MAGs: monoacylglycerols; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAP3K5/ASK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCD: methionine-choline deficient; MGLL/MGL: monoglyceride lipase; MLXIPL/ChREBP: MLX interacting protein like; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAS: NAFLD activity score; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NPC: NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter; NR1H3/LXRα: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3; NR1H4/FXR: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4; PDGF: platelet derived growth factor; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PLIN: perilipin; PNPLA: patatin like phospholipase domain containing; PNPLA2/ATGL: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; PNPLA3/adiponutrin: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; PPARA/PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPARD/PPARδ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta; PPARG/PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PPARGC1A/PGC1α: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PRKAA/AMPK: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SE: sterol esters; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SPART/SPG20: spartin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SREBF1/SREBP1c: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1; TAGs: triacylglycerols; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGFB1/TGFβ: transforming growth factor beta 1; Ub: ubiquitin; UBE2G2/UBC7: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 G2; ULK1/Atg1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USF1: upstream transcription factor 1; VLDL: very-low density lipoprotein; VPS: vacuolar protein sorting; WIPI: WD-repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting; WDR: WD repeat domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Filali-Mouncef
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Hunter
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Federica Roccio
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stavroula Zagkou
- Adjuvatis, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wen Y, Chen J, Li J, Arif W, Kalsotra A, Irudayaraj J. Effect of PFOA on DNA Methylation and Alternative Splicing in Mouse Liver. Toxicol Lett 2020; 329:38-46. [PMID: 32320774 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent organic pollutant prevalent in the environment and implicated in damage to the liver leading to a fatty liver phenotype called hepatocellular steatosis. Our goal is to provide a basis for PFOA-induced hepatocellular steatosis in relation to epigenetic alterations and mRNA splicing. Young adult female mice exposed to different concentrations of PFOA showed an increase in liver weight with decreased global DNA methylation (5-mC). At higher concentrations, the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3A (Dnmt3a) was significantly reduced and the expression of tet methycytosine dioxygenase 1 (Tet1) was significantly increased. There was no significant change in the other Dnmts and Tets. PFOA exposure significantly increased the expression of cell cycle regulators and anti-apoptotic genes. The expression of multiple genes involved in mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway were altered significantly with reduction in Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog, primary inhibitor of mTOR pathway) expression. Multiple splicing factors whose protein but not mRNA levels affected by PFOA exposure were identified. The changes in protein abundance of the splicing factors was also reflected in altered splicing pattern of their target genes, which provided new insights on the previously unexplored mechanisms of PFOA-mediated hepatotoxicity and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of Bioengineering. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Biomedical Research Center in Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jackie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Junya Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Waqar Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Biomedical Research Center in Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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11
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Huang Q, Wang Q, Li D, Wei X, Jia Y, Zhang Z, Ai B, Cao X, Guo T, Liao Y. Co-administration of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (g-PPT) and EGFR-TKI overcomes EGFR-TKI resistance by decreasing SCD1 induced lipid accumulation in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:129. [PMID: 30876460 PMCID: PMC6419820 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with sensitive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are successfully treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs); however, resistance to treatment inevitably occurs. Given lipid metabolic reprogramming is widely known as a hallmark of cancer and intimately linked with EGFR-stimulated cancer growth. Activation of EGFR signal pathway increased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and lipid metabolism key enzyme Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) expression. However the correlation between EGFR-TKI resistance and lipid metabolism remains to be determined. METHODS In this study the differences in lipid synthesis between paired TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant patient tissues and NSCLC cell lines were explored. Oleic acid (OA, a kind of MUFA, the SCD1 enzymatic product) was used to simulate a high lipid metabolic environment and detected the affection on the cytotoxic effect of TKIs (Gefitinib and osimertinib) in cell lines with EGFR-activating mutations. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol (g-PPT), an aglycone of ginsenosides, has been reported to be an effective lipid metabolism inhibitor, was used to inhibit lipid metabolism. Additionally, synergism in cytotoxic effects and signal pathway activation were evaluated using CCK-8 assays, Western blotting, flow cytometry, Edu assays, plate clone formation assays and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, two xenograft mouse models were used to verify the in vitro results. RESULTS Gefitinib-resistant cells have higher lipid droplet content and SCD1 expression than Gefitinib-sensitive cells in both NSCLC cell lines and patient tissues. Additionally oleic acid (OA, a kind of MUFA, the SCD1 enzymatic product) abrogates the cytotoxic effect of both Gefitinib and osimertinib in cell lines with EGFR-activating mutations. As a reported effective lipid metabolism inhibitor, g-PPT significantly inhibited the expression of SCD1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells, and then down-regulated the content of intracellular lipid droplets. Combined treatment with Gefitinib and g-PPT reverses the resistance to Gefitinib and inhibits the activation of p-EGFR and the downstream signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a link between lipid metabolic reprogramming and EGFR-TKI resistance, confirmed that combination target both EGFR and abnormal lipid metabolism maybe a promising therapy for EGFR-TKI resistance and highlighting the possibility of monitoring lipid accumulation in tumors for predicting drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuguo Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijuan Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongde Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Autophagy in Metabolic Age-Related Human Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100149. [PMID: 30249977 PMCID: PMC6210409 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic cellular mechanism that mediates the degradation of damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and invading pathogens through a lysosome-dependent pathway. Over the last few years, specific functions of autophagy have been discovered in many tissues and organs; however, abnormal upregulation or downregulation of autophagy has been depicted as an attribute of a variety of pathologic conditions. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge on the role of autophagy, from its regulation to its physiological influence, in metabolic age-related disorders. Finally, we propose to discuss the therapeutic potential of pharmacological and nutritional modulators of autophagy to treat metabolic diseases.
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