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Krishnan S, Klingauf J. The readily retrievable pool of synaptic vesicles. Biol Chem 2023; 404:385-397. [PMID: 36867726 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
In the CNS communication between neurons occurs at synapses by secretion of neurotransmitter via exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) at the active zone. Given the limited number of SVs in presynaptic boutons a fast and efficient recycling of exocytosed membrane and proteins by triggered compensatory endocytosis is required to maintain neurotransmission. Thus, pre-synapses feature a unique tight coupling of exo- and endocytosis in time and space resulting in the reformation of SVs with uniform morphology and well-defined molecular composition. This rapid response requires early stages of endocytosis at the peri-active zone to be well choreographed to ensure reformation of SVs with high fidelity. The pre-synapse can address this challenge by a specialized membrane microcompartment, where a pre-sorted and pre-assembled readily retrievable pool (RRetP) of endocytic membrane patches is formed, consisting of the vesicle cargo, presumably bound within a nucleated Clathrin and adaptor complex. This review considers evidence for the RRetP microcompartment to be the primary organizer of presynaptic triggered compensatory endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishnan
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch Strasse 31, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch Strasse 31, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peus Strasse 10, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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2
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Belessiotis-Richards A, Larsen AH, Higgins SG, Stevens MM, Alexander-Katz A. Coarse-Grained Simulations Suggest Potential Competing Roles of Phosphoinositides and Amphipathic Helix Structures in Membrane Curvature Sensing of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology Domain. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2789-2797. [PMID: 35394774 PMCID: PMC9036517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The generation and sensing of membrane curvature by proteins has become of increasing interest to researchers with multiple mechanisms, from hydrophobic insertion to protein crowding, being identified. However, the role of charged lipids in the membrane curvature-sensing process is still far from understood. Many proteins involved in endocytosis bind phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) lipids, allowing these proteins to accumulate at regions of local curvature. Here, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we study the curvature-sensing behavior of the ANTH domain, a protein crucial for endocytosis. We selected three ANTH crystal structures containing either an intact, split, or truncated terminal amphipathic helix. On neutral membranes, the ANTH domain has innate curvature-sensing ability. In the presence of PIP2, however, only the domain with an intact helix senses curvature. Our work sheds light on the role of PIP2 and its modulation of membrane curvature sensing by proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Belessiotis-Richards
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Andreas H. Larsen
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Stuart G. Higgins
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Schiano Lomoriello I, Sigismund S, Day KJ. Biophysics of endocytic vesicle formation: A focus on liquid–liquid phase separation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Huber LA. Presenting the FEBS Letters virtual issue on vesicle biology. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2978-2980. [PMID: 34783009 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Seib E, Klein T. The role of ligand endocytosis in notch signalling. Biol Cell 2021; 113:401-418. [PMID: 34038572 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signalling receptor is a mechanoreceptor that is activated by force. This force elicits a conformational change in Notch that results in the release of its intracellular domain into the cytosol by two consecutive proteolytic cleavages. In most cases, the force is generated by pulling of the ligands on the receptor upon their endocytosis. In this review, we summarise recent work that shed a more detailed light on the role of endocytosis during ligand-dependent Notch activation and discuss the role of ubiquitylation of the ligands during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Seib
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
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6
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Djakbarova U, Madraki Y, Chan ET, Kural C. Dynamic interplay between cell membrane tension and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Biol Cell 2021; 113:344-373. [PMID: 33788963 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deformability of the plasma membrane, the outermost surface of metazoan cells, allows cells to be dynamic, mobile and flexible. Factors that affect this deformability, such as tension on the membrane, can regulate a myriad of cellular functions, including membrane resealing, cell motility, polarisation, shape maintenance, membrane area control and endocytic vesicle trafficking. This review focuses on mechanoregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). We first delineate the origins of cell membrane tension and the factors that yield to its spatial and temporal fluctuations within cells. We then review the recent literature demonstrating that tension on the membrane is a fast-acting and reversible regulator of CME. Finally, we discuss tension-based regulation of endocytic clathrin coat formation during physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasaman Madraki
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Emily T Chan
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Molecular Biophysics Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cömert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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7
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Lee SK, Hong WJ, Silva J, Kim EJ, Park SK, Jung KH, Kim YJ. Global Identification of ANTH Genes Involved in Rice Pollen Germination and Functional Characterization of a Key Member, OsANTH3. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:609473. [PMID: 33927731 PMCID: PMC8076639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.609473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pollen in angiosperms plays a critical role in double fertilization by germinating and elongating pollen tubes rapidly in one direction to deliver sperm. In this process, the secretory vesicles deliver cell wall and plasma membrane materials, and excessive materials are sequestered via endocytosis. However, endocytosis in plants is poorly understood. AP180 N-terminal homology (ANTH) domain-containing proteins function as adaptive regulators for clathrin-mediated endocytosis in eukaryotic systems. Here, we identified 17 ANTH domain-containing proteins from rice based on a genome-wide investigation. Motif and phylogenomic analyses revealed seven asparagine-proline-phenylalanine (NPF)-rich and 10 NPF-less subgroups of these proteins, as well as various clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related motifs in their C-terminals. To investigate their roles in pollen germination, we performed meta-expression analysis of all genes encoding ANTH domain-containing proteins in Oryza sativa (OsANTH genes) in anatomical samples, including pollen, and identified five mature pollen-preferred OsANTH genes. The subcellular localization of four OsANTH proteins that were preferentially expressed in mature pollen can be consistent with their role in endocytosis in the plasma membrane. Of them, OsANTH3 represented the highest expression in mature pollen. Functional characterization of OsANTH3 using T-DNA insertional knockout and gene-edited mutants revealed that a mutation in OsANTH3 decreased seed fertility by reducing the pollen germination percentage in rice. Thus, our study suggests OsANTH3-mediated endocytosis is important for rice pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jeniffer Silva
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
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