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Galatidou S, Petelski AA, Pujol A, Lattes K, Latorraca LB, Fair T, Popovic M, Vassena R, Slavov N, Barragán M. Single-cell proteomics reveals decreased abundance of proteostasis and meiosis proteins in advanced maternal age oocytes. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae023. [PMID: 38870523 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced maternal age is associated with a decline in oocyte quality, which often leads to reproductive failure in humans. However, the mechanisms behind this age-related decline remain unclear. To gain insights into this phenomenon, we applied plexDIA, a multiplexed data-independent acquisition, single-cell mass spectrometry method, to analyze the proteome of oocytes from both young women and women of advanced maternal age. Our findings primarily revealed distinct proteomic profiles between immature fully grown germinal vesicle and mature metaphase II oocytes. Importantly, we further show that a woman's age is associated with changes in her oocyte proteome. Specifically, when compared to oocytes obtained from young women, advanced maternal age oocytes exhibited lower levels of the proteasome and TRiC complex, as well as other key regulators of proteostasis and meiosis. This suggests that aging adversely affects the proteostasis and meiosis networks in human oocytes. The proteins identified in this study hold potential as targets for improving oocyte quality and may guide future studies into the molecular processes underlying oocyte aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Galatidou
- Research and Development, EUGIN Group, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aleksandra A Petelski
- Department of Bioengineering, Single Cell Proteomics Center and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lais B Latorraca
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mina Popovic
- Research and Development, EUGIN Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Vassena
- Research and Development, EUGIN Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Department of Bioengineering, Single Cell Proteomics Center and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Galatidou S, Petelski A, Pujol A, Lattes K, Latorraca LB, Fair T, Popovic M, Vassena R, Slavov N, Barragan M. Single-cell proteomics reveals decreased abundance of proteostasis and meiosis proteins in advanced maternal age oocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595547. [PMID: 38903107 PMCID: PMC11188101 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Advanced maternal age is associated with a decline in oocyte quality, which often leads to reproductive failure in humans. However, the mechanisms behind this age-related decline remain unclear. To gain insights into this phenomenon, we applied plexDIA, a multiplexed, single-cell mass spectrometry method, to analyze the proteome of oocytes from both young women and women of advanced maternal age. Our findings primarily revealed distinct proteomic profiles between immature fully grown germinal vesicle and mature metaphase II oocytes. Importantly, we further show that a woman's age is associated with changes in her oocyte proteome. Specifically, when compared to oocytes obtained from young women, advanced maternal age oocytes exhibited lower levels of the proteasome and TRiC complex, as well as other key regulators of proteostasis and meiosis. This suggests that aging adversely affects the proteostasis and meiosis networks in human oocytes. The proteins identified in this study hold potential as targets for improving oocyte quality and may guide future studies into the molecular processes underlying oocyte aging.
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3
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Amberg KL, Hao L, Cranz-Mileva S, Zaratiegui M. Proteasome regulation of petite-negativity in fission yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593392. [PMID: 38798546 PMCID: PMC11118472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria carry out essential functions in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondrial genome encodes factors critical to support oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein import necessary for these functions. However, organisms like budding yeast can readily lose their mitochondrial genome, yielding respiration-deficient petite mutants. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is petite-negative, but some nuclear mutations enable the loss of its mitochondrial genome. Here, we characterize the classical petite-positive mutation ptp1-1 as a loss of function allele of the proteasome 19S regulatory subunit component mts4/rpn1, involved in the Ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. The mutation results in an altered oxidative stress response, with increased levels of oxidized glutathione, and increased levels of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic chaperones. We propose that Ubiquitin-proteasome regulation of chaperones involved in the Unfolded Protein Response and mitochondrial protein import underlies petite-negativity in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lin Amberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences Rutgers, the State University of new Jersey
| | - Lyrica Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences Rutgers, the State University of new Jersey
| | - Susanne Cranz-Mileva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences Rutgers, the State University of new Jersey
| | - Mikel Zaratiegui
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences Rutgers, the State University of new Jersey
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4
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Park SH, Gye MC. Inhibition of mitochondrial cyclophilin D, a downstream target of glycogen synthase kinase 3α, improves sperm motility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38254112 PMCID: PMC10802072 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophilin D (CypD) negatively regulates ATP production by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This study aimed to understand the role of CypD in sperm motility regulation. METHODS Changes in CypD during sperm capacitation and its interaction with glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK3α), a key kinase regulating sperm motility, were examined in mouse spermatozoa. The effects of CypD inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) and GSK3 inhibitor 6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) on sperm motility, p-GSK3α(Ser21), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP production were examined. The effect of proteasome inhibitor MG115 on the cellular levels of CypD was examined. RESULTS In cauda epididymal spermatozoa, GSK3α was found in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions whereas CypD was primarily found in the mitochondrial fraction together with ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5A), a mitochondrial marker. GSK3α and CypD were co-localized in the sperm midpiece. Interaction between GSK3α and CypD was identified in co-immunoprecipitation. CsA, a CypD inhibitor, significantly increased sperm motility, tyrosine phosphorylation, mPTP closing, MMP, and ATP levels in spermatozoa, suggesting that CypD acts as a negative regulator of sperm function. Under capacitation condition, both GSK3α and CypD were decreased in spermatozoa but ATP5A was not. The GSK3 inhibitor BIO markedly increased p-GSK3α(Ser21) and decreased CypD but significantly increased mPTP closing, MMP, ATP production, and motility of spermatozoa. This suggests that inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3α is coupled with degradation of CypD, potentiating the mitochondrial function. Degradation of CypD was attenuated by MG115, indicative of involvement of the ubiquitin proteasome system. CONCLUSIONS During sperm capacitation, CypD act as a downstream target of GSK3α can be degraded via the ubiquitin proteasome system, stimulating mitochondrial function and sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Gerber M, Suppanz I, Oeljeklaus S, Niemann M, Käser S, Warscheid B, Schneider A, Dewar CE. A Msp1-containing complex removes orphaned proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane of T. brucei. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302004. [PMID: 37586887 PMCID: PMC10432679 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The AAA-ATPase Msp1 extracts mislocalised outer membrane proteins and thus contributes to mitochondrial proteostasis. Using pulldown experiments, we show that trypanosomal Msp1 localises to both glycosomes and the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it forms a complex with four outer membrane proteins. The trypanosome-specific pATOM36 mediates complex assembly of α-helically anchored mitochondrial outer membrane proteins such as protein translocase subunits. Inhibition of their assembly triggers a pathway that results in the proteasomal digestion of unassembled substrates. Using inducible single, double, and triple RNAi cell lines combined with proteomic analyses, we demonstrate that not only Msp1 but also the trypanosomal homolog of the AAA-ATPase VCP are implicated in this quality control pathway. Moreover, in the absence of VCP three out of the four Msp1-interacting mitochondrial proteins are required for efficient proteasomal digestion of pATOM36 substrates, suggesting they act in concert with Msp1. pATOM36 is a functional analog of the yeast mitochondrial import complex complex and possibly of human mitochondrial animal-specific carrier homolog 2, suggesting that similar mitochondrial quality control pathways linked to Msp1 might also exist in yeast and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ida Suppanz
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Niemann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Käser
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Advanced Study (Wissenschaftskolleg) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline E Dewar
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Guo Y, Guan T, Shafiq K, Yu Q, Jiao X, Na D, Li M, Zhang G, Kong J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101955. [PMID: 37196864 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that features a functional decline in many organelles. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested as one of the determining factors of aging, the role of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) in aging is still poorly understood. A growing body of evidence points out that reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates mitochondrial dynamic changes and accelerates the accumulation of oxidized by-products through mitochondrial proteases and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are the frontline of MQC to dispose of oxidized derivatives. Besides, mitophagy helps remove partially damaged mitochondria to ensure that mitochondria are healthy and functional. Although abundant interventions on MQC have been explored, over-activation or inhibition of any type of MQC may even accelerate abnormal energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction-induced senescence. This review summarizes mechanisms essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and emphasizes that imbalanced MQC may accelerate cellular senescence and aging. Thus, appropriate interventions on MQC may delay the aging process and extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Teng Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kashfia Shafiq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Donghui Na
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Meiyu Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Dinh HV, Maranas CD. Evaluating proteome allocation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenotypes with resource balance analysis. Metab Eng 2023; 77:242-255. [PMID: 37080482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model organism and a workhorse in bioproduction. Here, we reconstructed a compact and tractable genome-scale resource balance analysis (RBA) model (i.e., named scRBA) to analyze metabolic fluxes and proteome allocation in a computationally efficient manner. Resource capacity models such as scRBA provide the quantitative means to identify bottlenecks in biosynthetic pathways due to enzyme, compartment size, and/or ribosome availability limitations. ATP maintenance rate and in vivo apparent turnover numbers (kapp) were regressed from metabolic flux and protein concentration data to capture observed physiological growth yield and proteome efficiency and allocation, respectively. Estimated parameter values were found to vary with oxygen and nutrient availability. Overall, this work (i) provides condition-specific model parameters to recapitulate phenotypes corresponding to different extracellular environments, (ii) alludes to the enhancing effect of substrate channeling and post-translational activation on in vivo enzyme efficiency in glycolysis and electron transport chain, and (iii) reveals that the Crabtree effect is underpinned by specific limitations in mitochondrial proteome capacity and secondarily ribosome availability rather than overall proteome capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang V Dinh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Costas D Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Ajmal MR. Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Proteinopathies: Causes, Mechanism and Cellular Response. Diseases 2023; 11:30. [PMID: 36810544 PMCID: PMC9944956 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are central to life functions. Alterations in the structure of proteins are reflected in their function. Misfolded proteins and their aggregates present a significant risk to the cell. Cells have a diverse but integrated network of protection mechanisms. Streams of misfolded proteins that cells are continuously exposed to must be continually monitored by an elaborated network of molecular chaperones and protein degradation factors to control and contain protein misfolding problems. Aggregation inhibition properties of small molecules such as polyphenols are important as they possess other beneficial properties such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and pro-autophagic properties and help neuroprotection. A candidate with such desired features is important for any possible treatment development for protein aggregation diseases. There is a need to study the protein misfolding phenomenon so that we can treat some of the worst kinds of human ailments related to protein misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan Ajmal
- Physical Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Suciu I, Delp J, Gutbier S, Ückert AK, Spreng AS, Eberhard P, Karreman C, Schreiber F, Madjar K, Rahnenführer J, Celardo I, Amelio I, Leist M. Dynamic Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses of Proteasome-Inhibited Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:164. [PMID: 36671027 PMCID: PMC9854434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is associated with parkinsonian pathology in vivo and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vitro. We explored here the metabolome (386 metabolites) and transcriptome (3257 transcripts) regulations of human LUHMES neurons, following exposure to MG-132 [100 nM]. This proteasome inhibitor killed cells within 24 h but did not reduce viability for 12 h. Overall, 206 metabolites were changed in live neurons. The early (3 h) metabolome changes suggested a compromised energy metabolism. For instance, AMP, NADH and lactate were up-regulated, while glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates were down-regulated. At later time points, glutathione-related metabolites were up-regulated, most likely by an early oxidative stress response and activation of NRF2/ATF4 target genes. The transcriptome pattern confirmed proteostatic stress (fast up-regulation of proteasome subunits) and also suggested the progressive activation of additional stress response pathways. The early ones (e.g., HIF-1, NF-kB, HSF-1) can be considered a cytoprotective cellular counter-regulation, which maintained cell viability. For instance, a very strong up-regulation of AIFM2 (=FSP1) may have prevented fast ferroptotic death. For most of the initial period, a definite life-death decision was not taken, as neurons could be rescued for at least 10 h after the start of proteasome inhibition. Late responses involved p53 activation and catabolic processes such as a loss of pyrimidine synthesis intermediates. We interpret this as a phase of co-occurrence of protective and maladaptive cellular changes. Altogether, this combined metabolomics-transcriptomics analysis informs on responses triggered in neurons by proteasome dysfunction that may be targeted by novel therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Graduate School of Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes Delp
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Ückert
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophie Spreng
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Graduate School of Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Philipp Eberhard
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christiaan Karreman
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ivana Celardo
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in Europe, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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10
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Magaña JC, Deus CM, Giné-Garriga M, Montané J, Pereira SP. Exercise-Boosted Mitochondrial Remodeling in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123228. [PMID: 36551984 PMCID: PMC9775656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Given the estimated escalation in the number of people with PD in the coming decades, interventions aimed at minimizing morbidity and improving quality of life are crucial. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are intrinsic factors related to PD pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with PD might benefit from various forms of exercise in diverse ways, from general health improvements to disease-specific effects and, potentially, disease-modifying effects. However, the signaling and mechanism connecting skeletal muscle-increased activity and brain remodeling are poorly elucidated. In this review, we describe skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk in PD, with a special focus on mitochondrial effects, proposing mitochondrial dysfunction as a linker in the muscle-brain axis in this neurodegenerative disease and as a promising therapeutic target. Moreover, we outline how exercise secretome can improve mitochondrial health and impact the nervous system to slow down PD progression. Understanding the regulation of the mitochondrial function by exercise in PD may be beneficial in defining interventions to delay the onset of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Magaña
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cláudia M. Deus
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Montané
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Mejia EM, Sparagna GC, Cole LK, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency attenuates anti-cluster of differentiation 40 and interleukin-4 activation of mouse B lymphocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:429-439. [PMID: 36129532 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease caused by mutations in TAFAZZIN. The tafazzin (Taz) protein is a cardiolipin remodeling enzyme required for maintaining mitochondrial function. Patients with BTHS exhibit impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain and metabolic function and are susceptible to serious infections. B lymphocytes (B cells) play a vital role in humoral immunity required to eradicate circulating antigens from pathogens. Intact mitochondrial respiration is required for proper B-cell function. We investigated whether Taz deficiency in mouse B cells altered their response to activation by anti-cluster of differentiation 40 (anti-CD40) + interleukin-4 (IL-4). B cells were isolated from 3-4-month-old wild type (WT) or tafazzin knockdown (TazKD) mice and were stimulated with anti-CD40 + IL-4 for 24 h and cellular bioenergetics, surface marker expression, proliferation, antibody production, and proteasome and immunoproteasome activities determined. TazKD B cells exhibited reduced mRNA expression of Taz, lowered levels of cardiolipin, and impairment in both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis compared to WT B cells. In addition, anti-CD40 + IL-4 stimulated TazKD B cells expressed lower levels of the immunogenic surface markers, cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) and cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), exhibited a lower proliferation rate, reduced production of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G, and reduced proteasome and immunoproteasome proteolytic activities compared to WT B cells stimulated with anti-CD40 + IL-4. The results indicate that Taz is required to support T-cell-dependent signaling activation of mouse B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Denver CO, USA
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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12
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Szczepanowska K, Trifunovic A. Mitochondrial matrix proteases: quality control and beyond. FEBS J 2022; 289:7128-7146. [PMID: 33971087 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To ensure correct function, mitochondria have developed several mechanisms of protein quality control (QC). Protein homeostasis highly relies on chaperones and proteases to maintain proper folding and remove damaged proteins that might otherwise form cell-toxic aggregates. Besides quality control, mitochondrial proteases modulate and regulate many essential functions, such as trafficking, processing and activation of mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and apoptosis. Therefore, the impaired function of mitochondrial proteases is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, metabolic syndromes and neurodegenerative disorders. This review recapitulates and discusses the emerging roles of two major proteases of the mitochondrial matrix, LON and ClpXP. Although commonly acknowledge for their protein quality control role, recent advances have uncovered several highly regulated processes controlled by the LON and ClpXP connected to mitochondrial gene expression and respiratory chain function maintenance. Furthermore, both proteases have been lately recognized as potent targets for anticancer therapies, and we summarize those findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Szczepanowska
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
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13
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Rupprecht A, Theisen U, Wendt F, Frank M, Hinz B. The Combination of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Suppresses Mitochondrial Respiration of Human Glioblastoma Cells via Downregulation of Specific Respiratory Chain Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133129. [PMID: 35804909 PMCID: PMC9265124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa L. that exhibits no psychoactivity and, like the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), shows anticancer effects in preclinical cell and animal models. Previous studies have indicated a stronger cancer-targeting effect when THC and CBD are combined. Here, we investigated how the combination of THC and CBD in a 1:1 ratio affects glioblastoma cell survival. The compounds were found to synergistically enhance cell death, which was attributed to mitochondrial damage and disruption of energy metabolism. A detailed look at the mitochondrial electron transfer chain showed that THC/CBD selectively decreased certain subunits of complexes I and IV. These data highlight the fundamental changes in cellular energy metabolism when cancer cells are exposed to a mixture of cannabinoids and underscore the potential of combining cannabinoids in cancer treatment. Abstract Phytocannabinoids represent a promising approach in glioblastoma therapy. Previous work has shown that a combined treatment of glioblastoma cells with submaximal effective concentrations of psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) greatly increases cell death. In the present work, the glioblastoma cell lines U251MG and U138MG were used to investigate whether the combination of THC and CBD in a 1:1 ratio is associated with a disruption of cellular energy metabolism, and whether this is caused by affecting mitochondrial respiration. Here, the combined administration of THC and CBD (2.5 µM each) led to an inhibition of oxygen consumption rate and energy metabolism. These effects were accompanied by morphological changes to the mitochondria, a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and a marked reduction in subunits of electron transport chain complexes I (NDUFA9, NDUFB8) and IV (COX2, COX4). Experiments with receptor antagonists and inhibitors showed that the degradation of NDUFA9 occurred independently of the activation of the cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2 and TRPV1 and of usual degradation processes mediated via autophagy or the proteasomal system. In summary, the results describe a previously unknown mitochondria-targeting mechanism behind the toxic effect of THC and CBD on glioblastoma cells that should be considered in future cancer therapy, especially in combination strategies with other chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.R.); (U.T.); (F.W.)
| | - Ulrike Theisen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.R.); (U.T.); (F.W.)
| | - Franziska Wendt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.R.); (U.T.); (F.W.)
| | - Marcus Frank
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.R.); (U.T.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Li YC, Wang Y, Zou W. Exploration on the Mechanism of Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Cerebral Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:814463. [PMID: 35462700 PMCID: PMC9022456 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.814463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke’s secondary damage, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, are thought to be crucial factors in the disease’s progression. Despite the fact that there are numerous treatments for secondary damage following stroke, such as antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, surgery, and so on, the results are disappointing and the side effects are numerous. It is critical to develop novel and effective strategies for improving patient prognosis. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the hub for the processing and metabolism of a wide range of functional regulatory proteins in cells. It is critical for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. With the advancement of UPS research in recent years, it has been discovered that UPS is engaged in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the human body. UPS is expected to play a role in the onset and progression of stroke via multiple targets and pathways. This paper explores the method by which UPS participates in the linked pathogenic process following stroke, in order to give a theoretical foundation for further research into UPS and stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zou,
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15
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Liu Z, Cheng J, Zhang P, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Targeting Oxidative Phosphorylation-Proteasome Activity in Extracellular Detached Cells Promotes Anoikis and Inhibits Metastasis. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010042. [PMID: 35054435 PMCID: PMC8779336 DOI: 10.3390/life12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis arises owing to tumor cells’ capacity to evade pro-apoptotic signals. Anoikis—the apoptosis of detached cells (from the extracellular matrix (ECM)) is often circumvented by metastatic cells as a result of biochemical and molecular transformations. These facilitate cells’ ability to survive, invade and reattach to secondary sites. Here, we identified deregulated glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and proteasome in anchorage-independent cells compared to adherent cells. Metformin an anti-diabetic drug that reduces blood glucose (also known to inhibit mitochondrial Complex I), and proteasome inhibitors were employed to target these changes. Metformin or proteasome inhibitors alone increased misfolded protein accumulation, sensitized tumor cells to anoikis, and impaired pulmonary metastasis in the B16F10 melanoma model. Mechanistically, metformin reduced cellular ATP production, activated AMPK to foster pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR) through enhanced expression of CHOP in ECM detached cells. Furthermore, AMPK inhibition reduced misfolded protein accumulation, thus highlight relevance of AMPK activation in facilitating metformin-induced stress and UPR cell death. Our findings provide insights into the molecular biology of anoikis resistance and identified metformin and proteasome inhibitors as potential therapeutic options for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Adeleye O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Jian Cheng
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
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16
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Yin Y, Shen H. Advances in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:739095. [PMID: 34616789 PMCID: PMC8488107 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the most abundant organelles in cardiac cells, and are essential to maintain the normal cardiac function, which requires mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to ensure the stability of mitochondrial quantity and quality. When mitochondria are affected by continuous injury factors, the balance between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy is broken. Aging and damaged mitochondria cannot be completely removed in cardiac cells, resulting in energy supply disorder and accumulation of toxic substances in cardiac cells, resulting in cardiac damage and cardiotoxicity. This paper summarizes the specific underlying mechanisms by which various adverse factors interfere with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to produce cardiotoxicity and emphasizes the crucial role of oxidative stress in mitophagy. This review aims to provide fresh ideas for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by altered mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Koch C, Schuldiner M, Herrmann JM. ER-SURF: Riding the Endoplasmic Reticulum Surface to Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9655. [PMID: 34502567 PMCID: PMC8432098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and targeted to the mitochondrial surface in a post-translational manner. The surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an active role in this targeting reaction. ER-associated chaperones interact with certain mitochondrial membrane protein precursors and transfer them onto receptor proteins of the mitochondrial surface in a process termed ER-SURF. ATP-driven proteins in the membranes of mitochondria (Msp1, ATAD1) and the ER (Spf1, P5A-ATPase) serve as extractors for the removal of mislocalized proteins. If the re-routing to mitochondria fails, precursors can be degraded by ER or mitochondria-associated degradation (ERAD or MAD respectively) in a proteasome-mediated reaction. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cooperation of the ER and mitochondria in the targeting and quality control of mitochondrial precursor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koch
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
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18
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Chacinska A, Rehling P. Molecular bases of mitochondrial disorders. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:973-975. [PMID: 33908035 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chacinska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Poland.,IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Schlagowski AM, Knöringer K, Morlot S, Sánchez Vicente A, Flohr T, Krämer L, Boos F, Khalid N, Ahmed S, Schramm J, Murschall LM, Haberkant P, Stein F, Riemer J, Westermann B, Braun RJ, Winklhofer KF, Charvin G, Herrmann JM. Increased levels of mitochondrial import factor Mia40 prevent the aggregation of polyQ proteins in the cytosol. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107913. [PMID: 34191328 PMCID: PMC8365258 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of protein aggregates is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Observations on patient samples and model systems demonstrated links between aggregate formation and declining mitochondrial functionality, but causalities remain unclear. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae to analyze how mitochondrial processes regulate the behavior of aggregation‐prone polyQ protein derived from human huntingtin. Expression of Q97‐GFP rapidly led to insoluble cytosolic aggregates and cell death. Although aggregation impaired mitochondrial respiration only slightly, it considerably interfered with the import of mitochondrial precursor proteins. Mutants in the import component Mia40 were hypersensitive to Q97‐GFP, whereas Mia40 overexpression strongly suppressed the formation of toxic Q97‐GFP aggregates both in yeast and in human cells. Based on these observations, we propose that the post‐translational import of mitochondrial precursor proteins into mitochondria competes with aggregation‐prone cytosolic proteins for chaperones and proteasome capacity. Mia40 regulates this competition as it has a rate‐limiting role in mitochondrial protein import. Therefore, Mia40 is a dynamic regulator in mitochondrial biogenesis that can be exploited to stabilize cytosolic proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandrine Morlot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ana Sánchez Vicente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tamara Flohr
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lena Krämer
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Felix Boos
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khalid
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence DFKI, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence DFKI, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jana Schramm
- Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ralf J Braun
- Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Neurodegeneration, Danube Private University, Krems/Donau, Austria
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gilles Charvin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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20
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Bennett JP, Onyango IG. Energy, Entropy and Quantum Tunneling of Protons and Electrons in Brain Mitochondria: Relation to Mitochondrial Impairment in Aging-Related Human Brain Diseases and Therapeutic Measures. Biomedicines 2021; 9:225. [PMID: 33671585 PMCID: PMC7927033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human brains consume a disproportionate amount of energy substrates (2-3% of body weight; 20-25% of total glucose and oxygen). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal energy currency in brains and is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) using ATP synthase, a nano-rotor powered by the proton gradient generated from proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the multi-complex electron transport chain (ETC). ETC catalysis rates are reduced in brains from humans with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Declines of ETC function in NDDs may result from combinations of nitrative stress (NS)-oxidative stress (OS) damage; mitochondrial and/or nuclear genomic mutations of ETC/OXPHOS genes; epigenetic modifications of ETC/OXPHOS genes; or defects in importation or assembly of ETC/OXPHOS proteins or complexes, respectively; or alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion, fission, mitophagy). Substantial free energy is gained by direct O2-mediated oxidation of NADH. Traditional ETC mechanisms require separation between O2 and electrons flowing from NADH/FADH2 through the ETC. Quantum tunneling of electrons and much larger protons may facilitate this separation. Neuronal death may be viewed as a local increase in entropy requiring constant energy input to avoid. The ATP requirement of the brain may partially be used for avoidance of local entropy increase. Mitochondrial therapeutics seeks to correct deficiencies in ETC and OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac G. Onyango
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
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