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Giannì M, Antinucci M, Bertoncini S, Taglioli L, Giuliani C, Luiselli D, Risso D, Marini E, Morini G, Tofanelli S. Association between Variants of the TRPV1 Gene and Body Composition in Sub-Saharan Africans. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:752. [PMID: 38927688 PMCID: PMC11202968 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) gene is activated by exogenous (e.g., high temperatures, irritating compounds such as capsaicin) and endogenous (e.g., endocannabinoids, inflammatory factors, fatty acid metabolites, low pH) stimuli. It has been shown to be involved in several processes including nociception, thermosensation, and energy homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the association between TRPV1 gene variants, sensory perception (to capsaicin and PROP), and body composition (BMI and bioimpedance variables) in human populations. By comparing sequences deposited in worldwide databases, we identified two haplotype blocks (herein referred to as H1 and H2) that show strong stabilizing selection signals (MAF approaching 0.50, Tajima's D > +4.5) only in individuals with sub-Saharan African ancestry. We therefore studied the genetic variants of these two regions in 46 volunteers of sub-Saharan descent and 45 Italian volunteers (both sexes). Linear regression analyses showed significant associations between TRPV1 diplotypes and body composition, but not with capsaicin perception. Specifically, in African women carrying the H1-b and H2-b haplotypes, a higher percentage of fat mass and lower extracellular fluid retention was observed, whereas no significant association was found in men. Our results suggest the possible action of sex-driven balancing selection at the non-coding sequences of the TRPV1 gene, with adaptive effects on water balance and lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Giannì
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Antinucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Bertoncini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Luca Taglioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Dipartimento di Beni Culturali (DBC), Università di Bologna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy;
| | - Davide Risso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | | | - Sergio Tofanelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
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Chen S, Kim JK. The Role of Cannabidiol in Liver Disease: A Systemic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2370. [PMID: 38397045 PMCID: PMC10888697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid abundant in Cannabis sativa, has gained considerable attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits the potential to prevent or slow the progression of various diseases, ranging from malignant tumors and viral infections to neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic diseases. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, and viral hepatitis stand as prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic liver diseases globally. The literature has substantiated CBD's potential therapeutic effects across diverse liver diseases in in vivo and in vitro models. However, the precise mechanism of action remains elusive, and an absence of evidence hinders its translation into clinical practice. This comprehensive review emphasizes the wealth of data linking CBD to liver diseases. Importantly, we delve into a detailed discussion of the receptors through which CBD might exert its effects, including cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and their intricate connections with liver diseases. In conclusion, we address new questions that warrant further investigation in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeon-Kyung Kim
- Institute of New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Gambari L, Cellamare A, Grassi F, Grigolo B, Panciera A, Ruffilli A, Faldini C, Desando G. Targeting the Inflammatory Hallmarks of Obesity-Associated Osteoarthritis: Towards Nutraceutical-Oriented Preventive and Complementary Therapeutic Strategies Based on n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119340. [PMID: 37298291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity (Ob), which has dramatically increased in the last decade, is one of the main risk factors that contribute to the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Targeting the characteristics of obesity-associated osteoarthritis (ObOA) may offer new chances for precision medicine strategies in this patient cohort. First, this review outlines how the medical perspective of ObOA has shifted from a focus on biomechanics to the significant contribution of inflammation, mainly mediated by changes in the adipose tissue metabolism through the release of adipokines and the modification of fatty acid (FA) compositions in joint tissues. Preclinical and clinical studies on n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) are critically reviewed to outline the strengths and weaknesses of n-3 PUFAs' role in alleviating inflammatory, catabolic and painful processes. Emphasis is placed on potential preventive and therapeutic nutritional strategies based on n-3 PUFAs, with a focus on ObOA patients who could specifically benefit from reformulating the dietary composition of FAs towards a protective phenotype. Finally, tissue engineering approaches that involve the delivery of n-3 PUFAs directly into the joint are explored to address the perspectives and current limitations, such as safety and stability issues, for implementing preventive and therapeutic strategies based on dietary compounds in ObOA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Cellamare
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Grassi
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Panciera
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruffilli
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Desando
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Raj RR, Lofquist S, Lee MJ. Remodeling of Adipose Tissues by Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Update on Browning and Thermogenesis by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Pharm Res 2023; 40:467-480. [PMID: 36050546 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing thermogenesis by increasing the amount and activity of brown and brite adipocytes is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its associated diseases. Diet plays important roles in energy metabolism and a myriad of dietary components including lipids are known to regulate thermogenesis through recruitment and activation of brown and brite adipocytes. Depending on types of fatty acids (FAs), the major constituent in lipids, their health benefits differ. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs remodel adipose tissues in a healthier manner with reduced inflammation and enhanced thermogenesis, while saturated FAs exhibit contrasting effects. Lipid mediators derived from FAs act as autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine factors to regulate thermogenesis. We discuss lipid mediators that may contribute to the differential effects of FAs on adipose tissue remodeling and hence, cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms through which n-3 PUFAs enhance thermogenesis. Elucidating molecular details of beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on thermogenesis is expected to provide information that can be used for development of novel therapeutics for obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Raman Raj
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Sydney Lofquist
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA.
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Abdalla SS, Harb AA, Almasri IM, Bustanji YK. The interaction of TRPV1 and lipids: Insights into lipid metabolism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1066023. [PMID: 36589466 PMCID: PMC9797668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1066023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective ligand-gated cation channel with high permeability for Ca2+, has received considerable attention as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several disorders including pain, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. In particular, TRPV1 regulates lipid metabolism by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Interestingly, TRPV1 and lipids regulate each other in a reciprocal and complex manner. This review surveyed the recent literature dealing with the role of TRPV1 in the hyperlipidemia-associated metabolic syndrome. Besides TRPV1 structure, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of TRPV1 on lipid metabolism such as the involvement of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (PPAR), sterol responsive element binding protein (SREBP), and hypoxia have been discussed. Additionally, this review extends our understanding of the lipid-dependent modulation of TRPV1 activity through affecting both the gating and the expression of TRPV1. The regulatory role of different classes of lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI), cholesterol, estrogen, and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), on TRPV1 has also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shtaywy S. Abdalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan,*Correspondence: Shtaywy S. Abdalla,
| | - Amani A. Harb
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ihab M. Almasri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Yasser K. Bustanji
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Takeda Y, Dai P. Capsaicin directly promotes adipocyte browning in the chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes converted from human dermal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6612. [PMID: 35459786 PMCID: PMC9033854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brown fat is a potential therapeutic target for preventing obesity and related metabolic diseases by dissipating energy as heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). We have previously reported a method to obtain chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes (ciBAs) converted from human dermal fibroblasts under serum-free conditions. However, pharmacological responses to bioactive molecules have been poorly characterised in ciBAs. This study showed that the treatment with Capsaicin, an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, directly activated adipocyte browning such as UCP1 expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy consumption rates, and glycerol recycling in ciBAs. Furthermore, genome-wide transcriptome analysis indicated that Capsaicin activated a broad range of metabolic genes including glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, which could be associated with the activation of glycerol recycling and triglyceride synthesis. Capsaicin also activated UCP1 expression in immortalised human brown adipocytes but inhibited its expression in mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes. Altogether, ciBAs successfully reflected the direct effects of Capsaicin on adipocyte browning. These findings suggested that ciBAs could serve as a promising cell model for screening of small molecules and dietary bioactive compounds targeting human brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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