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Spinos T, Zografos E, Koutsoukos K, Zagouri F, Kosmas C, Driva TS, Goutas D, Gakiopoulou C, Agrogiannis G, Theochari E, Tzavara C, Lazaris AC. Predictive tissue markers in testicular germ cell tumors: Immunohistochemical expression of MLH1 and REV-7 proteins. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1887-1898. [PMID: 38285100 PMCID: PMC11090952 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGCTs) are the most frequent solid malignancies in young adult men. Regardless of differences in their cell of origin, all TGCTs are considered highly curable malignancies. However, approximately 3-5% of all TGCTs do not respond to platinum-based chemotherapies. The purpose of our paper is to investigate whether immunohistochemical expression of MLH1 and REV-7 can be used as predictive tissue markers for TGCTs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The main demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of 64 male patients with TGCTs who underwent orchiectomy from 2007 to 2022 were retrospectively obtained from two large Oncology Clinics in Greece. Both patients with chemosensitive and chemoresistant disease were included. Immunohistochemical staining for MLH1 and REV-7 proteins was applied in specimens of these patients. RESULTS 31 seminomas and 33 non-seminomas were included. 48 patients had chemosensitive disease, while 16 had chemoresistant disease. 53 specimens showed preserved MLH1 expression, while 11 specimens had lost MLH1 expression. Expression of MLH1 was only significantly associated with patients' age. 16 specimens showed positive REV-7 expression, while 48 specimens were REV-7 negative. Interestingly, 50% of patients with chemoresistant disease and 16,7% of patients with chemosensitive disease were REV-7 positive. This difference was statistically significant. Moreover, REV-7 positivity was significantly associated with chemoresistance, various clinicopathological parameters and patients' prognosis and survival. CONCLUSION Loss of MLH1 expression was only found to be significantly associated with lower patients' age. Positive immunohistochemical REV-7 expression was significantly associated with various clinicopathological parameters, while it was also associated with significantly lower survival and greater hazard. REV-7 positive percentages were significantly higher in patients with chemoresistant disease. Our findings imply that immunohistochemical staining for REV-7 could potentially be used as a predictive tissue marker for TGCT tumors. Moreover, targeting of REV-7 protein, could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant TGCT cases. The implementation of well-designed studies on a larger scale is of utmost importance, in order to draw safer conclusions. Additional studies are needed so as to draw safer conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Spinos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Apodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Koutsoukos
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Apodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Apodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kosmas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Unit, Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Tatiana S Driva
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goutas
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Charikleia Gakiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - George Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Theochari
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Tzavara
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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Adam MAA, Robinson M, Schwartz AV, Wells G, Hoang A, Albekioni E, Chao G, Weeks J, George UZ, House CD, Turcan Ş, Sohl CD. Catalytically distinct IDH1 mutants tune phenotype severity in tumor models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590655. [PMID: 38712107 PMCID: PMC11071412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) impart a neomorphic reaction that produces the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which can inhibit DNA and histone demethylases to drive tumorigenesis via epigenetic changes. Though heterozygous point mutations in patients primarily affect residue R132, there are myriad D2HG-producing mutants that display unique catalytic efficiency of D2HG production. Here, we show that catalytic efficiency of D2HG production is greater in IDH1 R132Q than R132H mutants, and expression of IDH1 R132Q in cellular and mouse xenograft models leads to higher D2HG concentrations in cells, tumors, and sera compared to R132H-expressing models. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis of xenograft tumors shows expression of IDH1 R132Q relative to R132H leads to hypermethylation patterns in pathways associated with DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis indicates that the IDH1 R132Q mutation has a more aggressive pro-tumor phenotype, with members of EGFR, Wnt, and PI3K signaling pathways differentially expressed, perhaps through non-epigenetic routes. Together, these data suggest that the catalytic efficiency of IDH1 mutants modulate D2HG levels in cellular and in vivo models, resulting in unique epigenetic and transcriptomic consequences where higher D2HG levels appear to be associated with more aggressive tumors.
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Spinos T, Goutas D, Driva TS, Zografos E, Gakiopoulou C, Agrogiannis G, Zolota V, Tzelepi V, Manolis I, Koniaris E, Ioannou M, Lazaris AC. The Immunohistochemical Expression of REV-7 in Various Human Cancer Pathology Specimens: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52542. [PMID: 38371007 PMCID: PMC10874486 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize all existing evidence, regarding the immunohistochemical expression of REV-7 in different human cancer pathology specimens. Moreover, the association of REV-7 expression with disease severity (clinical course), patients' survival, prognosis, and response to various treatments, such as chemotherapy and irradiation, was investigated. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) were systematically screened, from inception to September 2, 2023, as suggested by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Only studies using immunohistochemical staining for REV-7 in paraffin-embedded cancer tissues were included. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative synthesis. All nine studies were retrospective and non-comparative ones. Selected studies reported immunohistochemical expression of REV-7 in different types of cancer, including testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, esophagus squamous cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and skin cancer. High REV-7 expression was associated with faster disease progression, resistance to available treatment options, and worse prognosis in the majority of included studies. These results indicate that immunohistochemical staining of REV-7 protein could potentially be used as a predictive tissue marker in certain cases. Promising results, arising from REV-7 inactivation experiments, render REV-7 targeting a potential therapeutic strategy for future cancer management, especially in the cases of chemoresistant or radioresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Spinos
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dimitrios Goutas
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Tatiana S Driva
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Oncology Unit, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - Charikleia Gakiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - George Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | - Ioannis Manolis
- Department of Pathology, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Maria Ioannou
- Department of Pathology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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Liu J, Wei J, Yang Y, Wei J. Pathological discrimination between luteinized thecoma associated with sclerosing peritonitis and thecoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33911. [PMID: 37335673 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similarities between luteinized thecoma associated with sclerosing peritonitis (LTSP) and thecoma, cause difficulty in clinical differential diagnoses. To improve the situation, we selected 10 specified molecular pathological markers that are frequently used in clinical pathology of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors to determine whether they exert a discriminatory effect. METHODS Applying immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the expression of alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B (MGAT5B), nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3), proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (MKI67), estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Vimentin, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, Catenin beta-1 (β-Catenin), CD99 antigen (CD99) and Wilms tumor protein (WT1) in 102 cases of diseases containing 11 LTSP and 91 thecoma. Whole-exome sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to examine the MGAT5B-NCOA3 fusion gene in LTSP. Statistical analysis was performed using t test, one-way analysis of variance test, and post hoc test. RESULTS Six significant markers were verified for the discrimination between LTSP and thecoma, containing 4 upregulating indicators MGAT5B, NCOA3, MKI67, β-Catenin, and 2 downregulating markers CD99 and WT1 in luteinized cells. In addition, the MGAT5B-NCOA3 fusion gene was identified in LTSP for the first time with significantly rich expression compared to thecoma. CONCLUSIONS We verified 6 significant molecular pathological markers containing MGAT5B, NCOA3, MKI67, β-Catenin, CD99, and WT1 and identified MGAT5B-NCOA3 fusion gene in LTSP; this work will help clinicians to discriminate between medical conditions and treat patients accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei Province, China
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R I A, Vatsyayan A, Damodaran D, Sivadas A, Van der Speeten K. Multi-omics Analysis Classifies Colorectal Cancer into Distinct Methylated Immunogenic and Angiogenic Subtypes Based on Anatomical Laterality. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:209-219. [PMID: 37359923 PMCID: PMC10284779 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed supervised machine learning algorithms to a cohort of colorectal cancer patients from the NCI to differentiate and classify the heterogenous disease based on anatomical laterality and multi-omics stratification, in a first of its kind. Multi-omics integrative analysis shows distinct clustering of left and right colorectal cancer with disentangled representation of methylome and delineation of transcriptome and genome. We present novel multi-omics findings consistent with augmented hypermethylation of genes in right CRC, epigenomic biomarkers on the right in conjunction with immune-mediated pathway signatures, and lymphocytic invasion which unlocks unique therapeutic avenues. Contrarily, left CRC multi-omics signature is found to be marked by angiogenesis, cadherins, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). An integrated multi-omics molecular signature of RNF217-AS1, hsa-miR-10b, and panel of FBX02, FBX06, FBX044, MAD2L2, and MIIP copy number altered genes have been found by the study. Overall survival analysis reveals genomic biomarkers ABCA13 and TTN in 852 LCRC cases, and SOX11 in 170 RCRC cases that predicts a significant survival benefit. Our study exemplifies the translational competence and robustness of machine learning in effective translational bridging of research and clinic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-023-01760-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu R I
- Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Calicut, Kerala India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Calicut, Kerala India
| | - Aastha Vatsyayan
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dileep Damodaran
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Calicut, Kerala India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Kurt Van der Speeten
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, BIOMED Research Institute, University Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
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REV7 in Cancer Biology and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061721. [PMID: 36980607 PMCID: PMC10046837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair and cell cycle regulation are potential biological fields to develop molecular targeting therapies for cancer. Human REV7 was originally discovered as a homologous molecule to yeast Rev7, which is involved in DNA damage response and mutagenesis, and as the second homolog of yeast Mad2, involved in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Although REV7 principally functions in the fields of DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, many binding partners of REV7 have been identified using comprehensive analyses in the past decade, and the significance of REV7 is expanding in various other biological fields, such as gene transcription, epigenetics, primordial germ cell survival, neurogenesis, intracellular signaling, and microbial infection. In addition, the clinical significance of REV7 has been demonstrated in studies using human cancer tissues, and investigations in cancer cell lines and animal models have revealed the greater impacts of REV7 in cancer biology, which makes it an attractive target molecule for cancer management. This review focuses on the functions of REV7 in human cancer and discusses the utility of REV7 for cancer management with a summary of the recent development of inhibitors targeting REV7.
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Role of the WNT/β-catenin/ZKSCAN3 Pathway in Regulating Chromosomal Instability in Colon Cancer Cell lines and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169302. [PMID: 36012568 PMCID: PMC9409321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3) acts as an oncogenic transcription factor in human malignant tumors, including colon and prostate cancer. However, most of the ZKSCAN3-induced carcinogenic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we identified ZKSCAN3 as a downstream effector of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, using RNA sequencing and ChIP analyses. Activation of the Wnt pathway by recombinant Wnt gene family proteins or the GSK inhibitor, CHIR 99021 upregulated ZKSCAN3 expression in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Furthermore, ZKSCAN3 upregulation suppressed the expression of the mitotic spindle checkpoint protein, Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 2 (MAD2L2) by inhibiting its promoter activity and eventually inducing chromosomal instability in colon cancer cells. Conversely, deletion or knockdown of ZKSCAN3 increased MAD2L2 expression and delayed cell cycle progression. In addition, ZKSCAN3 upregulation by oncogenic WNT/β-catenin signaling is an early event of the adenoma–carcinoma sequence in colon cancer development. Specifically, immunohistochemical studies (IHC) were performed using normal (NM), hyperplastic polyps (HPP), adenomas (AD), and adenocarcinomas (AC). Their IHC scores were considerably different (61.4 in NM; 88.4 in HPP; 189.6 in AD; 246.9 in AC). In conclusion, ZKSCAN3 could be responsible for WNT/β-catenin-induced chromosomal instability in colon cancer cells through the suppression of MAD2L2 expression.
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Liu S, Aweya JJ, Zheng L, Zheng Z, Huang H, Wang F, Yao D, Ou T, Zhang Y. LvHemB1, a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide derived from the hemocyanin of Litopenaeus vannamei, induces cancer cell death by targeting mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:87-110. [PMID: 33630204 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment regimens such as chemotherapy and traditional chemical drugs have adverse side effects including the appearance of drug-resistant tumor cells. For these reasons, it is imperative to find novel therapeutic agents that overcome these factors. To this end, we explored a cationic antimicrobial peptide derived from Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin (designated LvHemB1) that induces cancer cell death, but sparing normal cells. LvHemB1 inhibits the proliferation of human cervical (HeLa), esophageal (EC109), hepatocellular (HepG2), and bladder (EJ) cancer cell lines, but had no significant effect on normal liver cell lines (T-antigen-immortalized human liver epithelial (THLE-3) cells). In addition to its antiproliferative effects, LvHemB1 induced apoptosis, by permeating cells and targeting mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). Colocalization studies revealed the localization of LvHemB1 in mitochondria, while molecular docking and pull-down analyses confirmed LvHemB1-VDAC1 interaction. Moreover, LvHemB1 causes loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic proteins (caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax (Bcl-2-associated X)), which results in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Thus, peptide LvHemB1 has the potential of being used as an anticancer agent due to its antiproliferation effect and targeting to VDAC1 to cause mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells, as well as its ability to induce apoptosis by increasing ROS levels, and the expression of proapoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjie Liu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Liyuan Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - He Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tong Ou
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Hoshino A, Nakayama C, Jiang SX, Sakurai Y, Kato T, Numata Y, Umezawa A, Ichinoe M, Murakumo Y. Upregulation of REV7 correlates with progression of malignant melanoma. Pathol Int 2022; 72:14-24. [PMID: 34637584 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REV7 is a multifunctional protein implicated in DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle control, and gene expression, and is involved in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. It has been reported that REV7 expression is associated with ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis; however, the role of REV7 expression in skin cancers, including malignant melanomas, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of REV7 in malignant melanoma. Levels of REV7 expression in human skin cancers were evaluated immunohistochemically. Positive expression of REV7 was frequently observed in malignant melanomas, as well as in squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas. Enhanced immunoreactivity to REV7 was closely linked with cell proliferation assessed by Ki-67 labeling indexes in the three skin cancers, and was related with tumor thickness in malignant melanomas. REV7 depletion in malignant melanoma cells MEWO and G361 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. REV7 depletion also affected the expression of intracellular signaling molecules AKT and ERK in MEWO cells, resulting in downregulation of ERK signal activation. In addition, REV7 depletion facilitated sensitivity to cisplatin, but not to dacarbazine, in MEWO cells. Our results suggest that REV7 expression correlates with disease progression of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Hoshino
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chika Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Umezawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Shi L, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang L, Wang L, Liu X, Gao H, Hou X, Zhao F, Yan H, Wang L. Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes for Milk Production Ability in Yorkshire Pigs. Front Genet 2021; 12:724533. [PMID: 34675963 PMCID: PMC8523896 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.724533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sow milk production ability is an important limiting factor impacting suboptimal growth and the survival of piglets. Through pig genetic improvement, litter sizes have been increased. Larger litters need more suckling mammary glands, which results in increased milk from the lactating sow. Hence, there is much significance to exploring sow lactation performance. For milk production ability, it is not practical to directly measure the milk yield, we used litter weight gain (LWG) throughout sow lactation as an indicator. In this study, we estimated the heritability of LWG, namely, 0.18 ± 0.07. We then performed a GWAS, and detected seven significant SNPs, namely, Sus scrofa Chromosome (SSC) 2: ASGA0010040 (p = 7.73E-11); SSC2:MARC0029355 (p = 1.30E-08), SSC6: WU_10.2_6_65751151 (p = 1.32E-10), SSC7: MARC0058875 (p = 4.99E-09), SSC10: WU_10.2_10_49571394 (p = 6.79E-08), SSC11: M1GA0014659 (p = 1.19E-07), and SSC15: MARC0042106 (p = 1.16E-07). We performed the distribution of phenotypes corresponding to the genotypes of seven significant SNPs and showed that ASGA0010040, MARC0029355, MARC0058875, WU_10.2_10_49571394, M1GA0014659, and MARC0042106 had extreme phenotypic values that corresponded to the homozygous genotypes, while the intermediate values corresponded to the heterozygous genotypes. We screened for flanking regions ± 200 kb nearby the seven significant SNPs, and identified 38 genes in total. Among them, 28 of the candidates were involved in lactose metabolism, colostrum immunity, milk protein, and milk fat by functional enrichment analysis. Through the combined analysis between 28 candidate genes and transcriptome data of the sow mammary gland, we found nine commons (ANO3, MUC15, DISP3, FBXO6, CLCN6, HLA-DRA, SLA-DRB1, SLA-DQB1, and SLA-DQA1). Furthermore, by comparing the chromosome positions of the candidate genes with the quantitative trait locus (QTLs) as previously reported, a total of 17 genes were found to be within 0.86–94.02 Mb of the reported QTLs for sow milk production ability, in which, NAV2 was found to be located with 0.86 Mb of the QTL region ssc2: 40936355. In conclusion, we identified seven significant SNPs located on SSC2, 6, 7, 10, 11, and 15, and propose 28 candidate genes for the ability to produce milk in Yorkshire pigs, 10 of which were key candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Hou
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Garrity M, Kavus H, Rojas-Vasquez M, Valenzuela I, Larson A, Reed S, Bellus G, Mignot C, Munnich A, Isidor B, Chung WK. Neurodevelopmental phenotypes in individuals with pathogenic variants in CHAMP1. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:a006092. [PMID: 34021018 PMCID: PMC8327885 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo pathogenic variants in CHAMP1 (chromosome alignment maintaining phosphoprotein 1), which encodes kinetochore-microtubule associated protein on 13q34, cause a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. We enrolled 14 individuals with pathogenic variants in CHAMP1 that were documented by exome sequencing or gene panel sequencing. Medical history interviews, seizure surveys, Vineland Adapted Behavior Scales Second Edition, and other behavioral surveys were completed by primary caregivers of available participants in Simons Searchlight. Clinicians extracted clinical data from the medical record for two participants. We report on clinical features of 14 individuals (ages 2-26) with de novo predicted loss-of-function variants in CHAMP1 and compare them with previously reported cases (total n = 32). At least two individuals have the same de novo variant: p.(Ser181Cysfs*5), p.(Trp348*), p.(Arg398*), p.(Arg497*), or p.(Tyr709*). Common phenotypes include intellectual disability/developmental delay, language impairment, congenital and acquired microcephaly, behavioral problems including autism spectrum disorder, seizures, hypotonia, gastrointestinal issues of reflux and constipation, and ophthalmologic issues. Other rarely observed phenotypes include leukemia, failure to thrive, and high pain tolerance. Pathogenic variants in CHAMP1 are associated with a variable clinical phenotype of developmental delay/intellectual disability and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Garrity
- Columbia University School of Dental Medicine, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Haluk Kavus
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Marta Rojas-Vasquez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Austin Larson
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Sara Reed
- Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania 17821, USA
| | - Gary Bellus
- Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania 17821, USA
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP-Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau et Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris; Fédération de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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de Krijger I, Boersma V, Jacobs JJL. REV7: Jack of many trades. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:686-701. [PMID: 33962851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The HORMA domain protein REV7, also known as MAD2L2, interacts with a variety of proteins and thereby contributes to the establishment of different complexes. With doing so, REV7 impacts a diverse range of cellular processes and gained increasing interest as more of its activities became uncovered. REV7 has important roles in translesion synthesis and mitotic progression, and acts as a central component in the recently discovered shieldin complex that operates in DNA double-strand break repair. Here we discuss the roles of REV7 in its various complexes, focusing on its activity in genome integrity maintenance. Moreover, we will describe current insights on REV7 structural features that allow it to be such a versatile protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge de Krijger
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Boersma
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Zhu S, Chen CY, Hao Y. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 acts as miR-216b-5p sponge to promote colorectal cancer progression via up-regulating ZNF146. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:479-490. [PMID: 33394291 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown to act as important regulators in cancer biology. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. The abundance of KCNQ1OT1, microRNA-216b-5p (miR-216b-5p) and zinc finger protein 146 (ZNF146) messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was analyzed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed by transwell assays. Western blot assay was performed for determination of protein levels. LncBase v.2 of DIANA Tool and StarBase software were used to predict the targets of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-216b-5p, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was implemented to confirm the target interaction between miR-216b-5p and KCNQ1OT1 or ZNF146. KCNQ1OT1 expression was higher in CRC tissues and cell lines. KCNQ1OT1 interference restrained the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. MiR-216b-5p was a target of KCNQ1OT1 in CRC cells, and KCNQ1OT1 knockdown-induced effects in CRC cells were partly overturned by miR-216b-5p silencing. MiR-216b-5p bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of ZNF146, and ZNF146 overexpression partly attenuated miR-216b-5p overexpression-mediated influences in CRC cells. KCNQ1OT1 up-regulated the abundance of ZNF146 through sequestering miR-216b-5p in CRC cells. KCNQ1OT1 accelerated the proliferation and motility of CRC cells through elevating ZNF146 expression via sponging miR-216b-5p. KCNQ1OT1/miR-216b-5p/ZNF146 axis might be underlying target for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- ZhengZhou University, No.100 Science Ave, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Center for General Education, National Taitung Junior College, No.911, Jhengci N. Rd, Taitung, 95045, Taiwan
| | - Yangyang Hao
- Beijing Sport University, No.48, Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China.
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Engin AB, Engin A. The Connection Between Cell Fate and Telomere. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:71-100. [PMID: 33539012 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abolition of telomerase activity results in telomere shortening, a process that eventually destabilizes the ends of chromosomes, leading to genomic instability and cell growth arrest or death. Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the "Hayflick limit", and the transition of cells to state of senescence. If senescence is bypassed, cells undergo crisis through loss of checkpoints. This process causes massive cell death concomitant with further telomere shortening and spontaneous telomere fusions. In functional telomere of mammalian cells, DNA contains double-stranded tandem repeats of TTAGGG. The Shelterin complex, which is composed of six different proteins, is required for the regulation of telomere length and stability in cells. Telomere protection by telomeric repeat binding protein 2 (TRF2) is dependent on DNA damage response (DDR) inhibition via formation of T-loop structures. Many protein kinases contribute to the DDR activated cell cycle checkpoint pathways, and prevent DNA replication until damaged DNA is repaired. Thereby, the connection between cell fate and telomere length-associated telomerase activity is regulated by multiple protein kinase activities. Contrarily, inactivation of DNA damage checkpoint protein kinases in senescent cells can restore cell-cycle progression into S phase. Therefore, telomere-initiated senescence is a DNA damage checkpoint response that is activated with a direct contribution from dysfunctional telomeres. In this review, in addition to the above mentioned, the choice of main repair pathways, which comprise non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination in telomere uncapping telomere dysfunctions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Pan-cancer driver copy number alterations identified by joint expression/CNA data analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17199. [PMID: 33057153 PMCID: PMC7566486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnalysis of large gene expression datasets from biopsies of cancer patients can identify co-expression signatures representing particular biomolecular events in cancer. Some of these signatures involve genomically co-localized genes resulting from the presence of copy number alterations (CNAs), for which analysis of the expression of the underlying genes provides valuable information about their combined role as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Here we focus on the discovery and interpretation of such signatures that are present in multiple cancer types due to driver amplifications and deletions in particular regions of the genome after doing a comprehensive analysis combining both gene expression and CNA data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
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Hussein D, Dallol A, Quintas R, Schulten HJ, Alomari M, Baeesa S, Bangash M, Alghamdi F, Khan I, ElAssouli MZM, Saka M, Carracedo A, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A. Overlapping variants in the blood, tissues and cell lines for patients with intracranial meningiomas are predominant in stem cell-related genes. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05632. [PMID: 33305042 PMCID: PMC7710648 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bulk tissue genomic analysis of meningiomas identified common somatic mutations, however, it often excluded blood-related variants. In contrast, genomic characterisation of primary cell lines that can provide critical information regarding growth and proliferation, have been rare. In our work, we identified the variants that are present in the blood, tissues and corresponding cell lines that are likely to be predictive, tumorigenic and progressive. METHOD Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify variants and distinguish related pathways that exist in 42 blood, tissues and corresponding cell lines (BTCs) samples for patients with intracranial meningiomas. Conventional sequencing was used for the confirmation of variants. Integrative analysis of the gene expression for the corresponding samples was utilised for further interpretations. RESULTS In total, 926 BTC variants were detected, implicating 845 genes. A pathway analysis of all BTC genes with damaging variants indicated the 'cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation' stem cell-related pathway to be the most frequently affected pathway. Concordantly, five stem cell-related genes, GPRIN2, ALDH3B2, ASPN, THSD7A and SIGLEC6, showed BTC variants in at least five of the patients. Variants that were heterozygous in the blood and homozygous in the tissues or the corresponding cell lines were rare (average: 1.3 ± 0.3%), and included variants in the RUNX2 and CCDC114 genes. An analysis comparing the variants detected only in tumours with aggressive features indicated a total of 240 BTC genes, implicating the 'homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules' pathway, and identifying the stem cell-related transcription coactivator NCOA3/AIB1/SRC3 as the most frequent BTC gene. Further analysis of the possible impact of the poly-Q mutation present in the NCOA3 gene indicated associated deregulation of 15 genes, including the up-regulation of the stem cell related SEMA3D gene and the angiogenesis related VEGFA gene. CONCLUSION Stem cell-related pathways and genes showed high prevalence in the BTC variants, and novel variants in stem cell-related genes were identified for meningioma. These variants can potentially be used as predictive, tumorigenic and progressive biomarkers for meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Hussein
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rita Quintas
- Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alomari
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan
| | - M-Zaki Mustafa ElAssouli
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Saka
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Rectal cancer sub-clones respond differentially to neoadjuvant therapy. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1051-1062. [PMID: 31521947 PMCID: PMC6745489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer includes chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery but patient responses to neoadjuvant treatment are variable. We have shown that rectal tumors are comprised of multiple genetically distinct sub-clones. Unique sub-clones within tumors may harbor mutations which contribute to inter-patient variation in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Analysis of the influence of nCRT on the extent and nature of intra-tumoral genetic heterogeneity in rectal cancer may provide insights into mechanisms of resistance. Locally advanced rectal cancer patients underwent pre-treatment biopsies. At the time of surgery, tissue from the treated tumor was obtained and analyzed. Pre- and post-treatment specimens were subjected to whole exome and confirmatory deep sequencing for somatic mutations. Copy number variation was assessed using OncoScan SNP arrays. Genomic data were analyzed using PyClone to identify sub-clonal tumor population following nCRT. Alterations that persisted or were enriched in the post-treatment tumor specimen following nCRT were defined for each patient. Thirty-two samples were obtained from ten patients. PyClone identified 2 to 10 genetic sub-clones per tumor. Substantial changes in the proportions of individual sub-clones in pre- versus post-treatment tumor material were found in all patients. Resistant sub-clones recurrently contained mutations in TP53, APC, ABCA13, MUC16, and THSD4. Recurrent copy number variation was observed across multiple chromosome regions after nCRT. Pathway analysis including variant alleles and copy number changes associated with resistant sub-clones revealed significantly altered pathways, especially those linked to the APC and TP53 genes, which were the two most frequently mutated genes. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity is evident in pre-treatment rectal cancer. Following treatment, sub-clonal populations are selectively modified and enrichment of a subset of pre-treatment sub-clones is seen. Further studies are needed to define recurrent alterations at diagnosis that may contribute to resistance to nCRT.
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Liu Q, Wu J, Lu T, Fang Z, Huang Z, Lu S, Dai C, Li M. Positive expression of basic transcription factor 3 predicts poor survival of colorectal cancer patients: possible mechanisms involved. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:509. [PMID: 31263147 PMCID: PMC6603001 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) is associated with the development of several cancers. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of BTF3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. CRC tissues or their paired adjacent noncancerous (ANCT) tissues were obtained from 90 patients who underwent operations in our hospital from November 2011 to December 2016, and then we implemented a gene microarray assay for detecting significant changes in gene expression and confirmed expression in tissues using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. We transfected or injected the silencing BTF3 (BTF3-siRNA) plasmid into cells and nude mice, and measured the tumorigenicity of CRC cells with flow cytometry and studied the expression level of BTF3 downstream genes (MAD2L2, MCM3 and PLK1) in CRC cells. BTF3 expression level was not only significantly higher in CRC tissue than in ANCT tissue (2.61 ± 0.07 vs 1.90 ± 0.03, P < 0.001) but BTF3-siRNA decreased tumor formation in a nude mice model. Furthermore, based on the data of gene microarray analysis, MAD2L2, MCM3 and PLK1 were detected as the downstream target genes of BTF3 and their expressions were positive related with BTF3 expression. Also, through transfecting BTF3-siRNA into HCT116 cells, we found that BTF3-siRNA could decrease cell viability and induced cell apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle. In conclusion, BTF3 is positively related to CRC and BTF3-siRNA attenuated the tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells via MAD2L2, MCM3 and PLK1 activity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tailiang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhixue Fang
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shanzheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Tanaka H, Kuwano Y, Nishikawa T, Rokutan K, Nishida K. ZNF350 promoter methylation accelerates colon cancer cell migration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36750-36769. [PMID: 30613364 PMCID: PMC6298409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversification of transcriptomic and epigenomic states may occur during the expansion of colorectal cancers. Certain cancer cells lose their epithelial characters and gain mesenchymal properties, known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and they aggressively migrate into the non-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. In this study, we isolated a subpopulation with accelerated baseline motility (MG cells) and an immotile one (non-MG cells) from a colon cancer cell line (HCT116). Gene expression signatures of the MG cells indicated that this subpopulation was likely an EMT hybrid. The MG cells substantially lost their migratory properties after treatment with a methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, suggesting a role of DNA methylation in this process. Global transcriptome assays of both types of cells with or without 5-azacytidine treatment identified 640 genes, whose expression might be methylation-dependently down-regulated in the MG cells. Global methylation analysis revealed that 35 out of the 640 genes were hyper-methylated in the MG cells. Among them, we focused on the anti-oncogene ZNF350, which encodes a zinc-finger and BRCA1-interacting protein. Notably, ZNF350 knockdown accelerated migration of the non-MG cells, while overexpression of ZNF350 in the MG cells significantly impaired their migration. Finally, pyrosequence analysis together with dual luciferase assays of serially truncated fragments of the ZNF350 promoter (-268 to +49 bp) indicated that three hyper-methylated sites were possibly responsible for the basal promoter activity of ZNF350. Taken together, our results suggest that hyper-methylation of the ZNF350 proximal promoter may be one of the crucial determinants for acquiring increased migratory capabilities in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishikawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kensei Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Chen L, Gao H, Liang J, Qiao J, Duan J, Shi H, Zhen T, Li H, Zhang F, Zhu Z, Han A. miR-203a-3p promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration by targeting PDE4D. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2387-2401. [PMID: 30662799 PMCID: PMC6325478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major worldwide health problem due to its high prevalence and mortality rate. microRNA has been reported playing an important role in a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer. miR-203a-3p has been found up-regulated in CRC tissues compare with the adjacent normal tissues. But, how miR-203a-3p regulates CRC development remains to be elucidated. In this study, gain and loss-of-function assays showed that miR-203a-3p promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and migration and invasion by targeting PDE4D. And miR-203a-3p/β-catenin/Cyclin D1/c-Myc signaling pathway is involved in the CRC. In summary, this study highlights an onco-miRNA role for miR-203a-3p by regulating PDE4D in CRC and suggests that miR-203a-3p may be a novel molecular therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huabin Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Qiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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