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Hasan MDN, Rahman MDM, Husna AA, Kato D, Nakagawa T, Arif M, Miura N. Hypoxia-related Y RNA fragments as a novel potential biomarker for distinguishing metastatic oral melanoma from non-metastatic oral melanoma in dogs. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-8. [PMID: 38288969 PMCID: PMC10829814 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia may promote tumor progression, and hypoxically altered noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression may play a role in metastasis. Canine oral melanoma (COM) frequently metastasizes, and ncRNA expression under hypoxia may be clinically significant. We aimed to elucidate ncRNA fragments whose expression is altered by hypoxia in COM-derived primary KMeC and metastatic LMeC cell lines using next-generation sequencing to validate these results in qRT-PCR, and then compare expression between metastatic and non-metastatic COM. The NGS analysis and subsequent qRT-PCR validation were performed using hypoxic and normoxic KMeC and LMeC cells, and clinical samples [tumor tissue, plasma, and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles] obtained from dogs with metastatic or non-metastatic melanoma were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Y RNA was significantly decreased in metastatic LMeC cells versus primary KMeC cells in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The expression of Y RNA was decreased in dogs with metastatic melanoma versus those with non-metastatic melanoma for all clinical sample types, reflecting the pattern found with hypoxia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that Y RNA level is a promising biomarker for discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic melanoma in plasma [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.993, p < 0.0001] and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (AUC = 0.981, p = 0.0002). Overall, Y RNA may be more resistant to hypoxic stress in the metastatic than the non-metastatic state for COM. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the biological functions of Y RNA under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- MD Nazmul Hasan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - MD Mahfuzur Rahman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of WI School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Al Asmaul Husna
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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2
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Wu Z, Zhang R, Bao J, Yin M, Wang X. Development of a biomarker signature associated with anoikis to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in melanoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:219. [PMID: 38787413 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is malignant cancer known for its high aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis, particularly in advanced tumors. Anoikis is a specific pattern of programmed cell death associated with tumor regeneration, migration, and metastasis. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted to investigate the function of anoikis in SKCM. Anoikis-related genes (ARGs) were extracted from Genecards to identify SKCM subtypes and to explore the immune microenvironment between the different subtypes. Prognostic models of SKCM were developed by LASSO COX regression analysis. Subsequently, the predictive value of risk scores in SKCM and the association with immunotherapy were further explored. Finally, the expression of 6 ARGs involved in the model construction was detected by immunohistochemistry and PCR. This study identified 20 ARGs significantly associated with SKCM prognosis and performed disease subtype analysis of samples based on these genes, different subtypes exhibited significantly different clinical features and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) landscapes. The risk score prognostic model was generated by further screening and identification of the six ARGs. The model exhibited a high degree of sensitivity and specificity to predict the prognosis of individuals with SKCM. These high- and low-risk populations showed different immune statuses and drug sensitivity. Further immunohistochemical and PCR experiments identified significant differential expression of the six ARGs in tumor and normal samples. Anoikis-based features may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for SKCM and may provide important new insights for survival prediction and individualized treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Bao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Yin
- The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, 214200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325015, People's Republic of China.
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Naddeo M, Broseghini E, Venturi F, Vaccari S, Corti B, Lambertini M, Ricci C, Fontana B, Durante G, Pariali M, Scotti B, Milani G, Campione E, Ferracin M, Dika E. Association of miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p with Prognostic Features in Melanomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1688. [PMID: 38730639 PMCID: PMC11083009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is one of the most lethal tumors among skin cancers and its incidence is rising worldwide. Recent data support the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in melanoma carcinogenesis and their potential use as disease biomarkers. METHODS We quantified the expression of miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p in 170 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of CM, namely 116 superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), 26 nodular melanoma (NM), and 28 lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). We correlated miRNA expression with specific histopathologic features including Breslow thickness (BT), histological subtype, ulceration and regression status, and mitotic index. RESULTS miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p were significantly higher in NM compared to SSM and LMM. The positive correlation between miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p expression and BT was confirmed for both miRNAs in SSM. Considering the ulceration status, we assessed that individual miR-21-5p expression was significantly higher in ulcerated CMs. The increased combined expression of the two miRNAs was strongly associated with ulceration (p = 0.0093) and higher mitotic rate (≥1/mm2) (p = 0.0005). We demonstrated that the combination of two-miRNA expression and prognostic features (BT and ulceration) can better differentiate cutaneous melanoma prognostic groups, considering overall survival and time-to-relapse clinical outcomes. Specifically, miRNA expression can further stratify prognostic groups among patients with BT ≥ 0.8 mm but without ulceration. Our findings provide further insights into the characterization of CM with specific prognostic features. The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Naddeo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Federico Venturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Sabina Vaccari
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Barbara Corti
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Costantino Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, 40133 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fontana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giorgio Durante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Milena Pariali
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Biagio Scotti
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Milani
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (E.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.L.); (C.R.); (B.F.); (G.D.)
- Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.V.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
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4
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Wu Y, Yin S, Li C, Zhao L, Song M, Yu Y, Tang L, Yang Y. A signature of seven hypoxia-related lncRNAs is a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of melanoma. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1712-1729. [PMID: 38726277 PMCID: PMC11076246 DOI: 10.62347/lhkw3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has a high mortality rate once metastasis occurs. Hypoxia is a universal characteristic of the microenvironment of cancer and a driver of melanoma progression. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted widespread attention in oncology research. In this study, screening was performed and revealed seven hypoxia-related lncRNAs AC008687.3, AC009495.1, AC245128.3, AL512363.1, LINC00518, LINC02416 and MCCC1-AS1 as predictive biomarkers. A predictive risk model was constructed via univariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Patients were grouped according to the model risk score, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare survival between groups. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to compare gene set enrichment between groups. Moreover, a nomogram was constructed with the risk score as a variable. In both the training and validation sets, patients in the low-risk group had better overall survival than did those in the high-risk group (P<0.001). The 3-, 5- and 10-year area under the curve (AUC) values for the nomogram model were 0.821, 0.795 and 0.820, respectively. Analyses of immune checkpoints, immunotherapy response, drug sensitivity, and mutation landscape were also performed. The results suggested that the low-risk group had a better response to immunotherapeutic. In addition, the nomogram can effectively predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of melanoma patients. The signature of seven hypoxia-related lncRNAs showed great potential value as an immunotherapy response biomarker, and these lncRNAs might be treatment targets for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shenhui Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chunzhen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Song
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ling Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yanlong Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
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5
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Grafanaki K, Grammatikakis I, Ghosh A, Gopalan V, Olgun G, Liu H, Kyriakopoulos GC, Skeparnias I, Georgiou S, Stathopoulos C, Hannenhalli S, Merlino G, Marie KL, Day CP. Noncoding RNA circuitry in melanoma onset, plasticity, and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108466. [PMID: 37301330 PMCID: PMC10527631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the cancer of the melanocyte, is the deadliest form of skin cancer with an aggressive nature, propensity to metastasize and tendency to resist therapeutic intervention. Studies have identified that the re-emergence of developmental pathways in melanoma contributes to melanoma onset, plasticity, and therapeutic response. Notably, it is well known that noncoding RNAs play a critical role in the development and stress response of tissues. In this review, we focus on the noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small RNAs, for their functions in developmental mechanisms and plasticity, which drive onset, progression, therapeutic response and resistance in melanoma. Going forward, elucidation of noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms may provide insights that accelerate development of novel melanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Grafanaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Cancer Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arin Ghosh
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gulden Olgun
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George C Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Skeparnias
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerrie L Marie
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Filippini DM, Broseghini E, Carosi F, Molin DD, Riefolo M, Fabbri L, Abeshi A, Fernandez IJ, Ferracin M. A Systematic Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Head and Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary: An Unmet Clinical Need. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081492. [PMID: 37189593 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is defined as cervical lymph node metastases without a detectable primary tumor. The management of these patients presents a challenge to clinicians since guidelines in the diagnosis and treatment of HNCUP remain controversial. An accurate diagnostic workup is fundamental for the search for the hidden primary tumor to allow the best adequate treatment strategy. The purpose of this systematic review is to present the currently available data about the diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers for HNCUP. Systematic research in an electronic database was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and identified 704 articles, of which 23 studies were selected and included in the analysis. Fourteen studies investigated HNCUP diagnostic biomarkers and focused on the human papilloma virus (HPV) and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) due to the strong associations with oropharyngeal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer, respectively. HPV status was shown to possess prognostic value, correlating with longer disease-free survival and overall survival. HPV and EBV are the only available HNCUP biomarkers, and they are already used in clinical practice. A better characterization of the molecular profiling and the development of tissue-of-origin classifiers are necessary to improve the diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic management of patients with HNCUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Maria Filippini
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Carosi
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Dal Molin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Fabbri
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andi Abeshi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ignacio Javier Fernandez
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Ribero S, Lambertini M, Ferracin M, Dika E. Non-Coding RNA Investigations in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Step forward in Discovering Novel Biomarkers. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:531-532. [PMID: 36841674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ribero
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Melanoma Center, Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Melanoma Center, Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Collatuzzo G, Boffetta P, Dika E, Visci G, Zunarelli C, Mastroeni S, Antonelli G, Fortes C. Occupational exposure to arsenic, mercury and UV radiation and risk of melanoma: a case-control study from Italy. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:443-449. [PMID: 36378322 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is mainly caused by sunlight radiation, but other environmental risk factors are not well known. We investigated the association between cutaneous melanoma and occupational exposure to arsenic, mercury and UV radiation. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the inpatient wards of IDI-San Carlo Rome, Italy, including 304 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 305 frequency-matched controls. Detailed sociodemographic, clinical and host-related factors were collected, and all participants were physically examined using dermoscopy and following standard protocol for recording pigmented lesions. Four experts assessed exposure to arsenic, mercury and UV radiation based on occupational history. A multidimensional variable was created for each risk factor, by combining intensity and probability of exposure. Multivariable logistic regression models were run to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between exposure to these agents and melanoma. RESULTS A total of 5.4% of the cases vs 2.4% of the controls were exposed to arsenic (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.10-8.86 for high probability and high exposure to arsenic) after controlling for sex, age, smoking status, number of nevi, phototype and history of sunburns in childhood/adolescence. Occupational exposure to mercury and UV radiation was not associated with the risk of melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Subjects exposed to arsenic at the workplace may be at increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma in comparison to subjects not exposed to this agent. Further studies should be designed to investigate occupational exposure to arsenic and mercury and melanoma and confirm the findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Visci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zunarelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Mastroeni
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata Concezione, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonelli
- Dermatology Department, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata Concezione, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Fortes
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata Concezione, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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Li W, Zhan Y, Peng C, Wang Z, Xu T, Liu M. A model based on immune-related lncRNA pairs and its potential prognostic value in immunotherapy for melanoma. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:91. [PMID: 36939945 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
A model based on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) pairs independent of expression quantification was constructed to evaluate prognosis melanoma and response to immunotherapy in melanoma. RNA sequencing data and clinical information were retrieved and downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. We identified differentially expressed immune-related lncRNAs (DEirlncRNAs), matched them, and used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox regression to construct predictive models. The optimal cutoff value of the model was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve and used to categorize melanoma cases into high-risk and low-risk groups. The predictive efficacy of the model with respect to prognosis was compared with that of clinical data and ESTIMATE (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data). Then, we analyzed the correlations of risk score with clinical characteristics, immune cell invasion, anti-tumor, and tumor-promoting activities. Differences in survival, degree of immune cell infiltration, and intensity of anti-tumor and tumor-promoting activities were also evaluated in the high- and low-risk groups. A model based on 21 DEirlncRNA pairs was established. Compared with ESTIMATE score and clinical data, this model could better predict outcomes of melanoma patients. Follow-up analysis of the model's effectiveness showed that patients in the high-risk group had poorer prognosis and were less likely to benefit from immunotherapy compared with those in the low-risk group. Moreover, there were differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cells between the high-risk and low-risk groups. By pairing the DEirlncRNA, we constructed a model to evaluate the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma independent of a specific level of lncRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chong Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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10
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Yamamoto M, Sickle-Santanello B, Beard T, Essner R, Martin B, Bailey CN, Guenther JM. The 31-gene expression profile test informs sentinel lymph node biopsy decisions in patients with cutaneous melanoma: results of a prospective, multicenter study. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:417-423. [PMID: 36617959 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2165813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 31-gene expression profile test (Class 1A: low-risk; 1B/2A: intermediate-risk; 2B: high-risk) is validated to identify patients with cutaneous melanoma who can safely forego sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The objective of the current study is to quantify SLNB reduction by clinicians using 31-GEP. METHODS Patients with T1-T2 tumors eligible for SLNB were seen by surgical oncologists (89.1%), dermatologists (7.8%), and medical oncologists (3.1%). After receiving 31-GEP results but before SLNB, clinicians were asked which clinical and pathological features influenced SLNB decisions (n = 191). The Exact binomial test was used to compare SLNB procedure rates to a contemporary study (78% SLNB baseline rate). Logistic regression modeling (odds ratio [OR], 95% CI) was used to identify features associated with SLNB procedure rates. RESULTS One hundred clinical decisions (52.4%) were influenced by the 31-GEP to forego SLNB and 70% (70/100) were not performed. Of the 30 performed, 0% (0/30) were positive. The 31-GEP influenced sixty-three clinical decisions (33.0%) to perform SLNB, and 92.1% (58/63) were performed. There was a clinically meaningful 29.4% reduction of SLNBs performed in patients with a Class 1A result relative to the baseline rate of 78.0% (p < .01). In patients ≥55 or ≥65-year-old, SLNB reduction was 32.3% (p < .01), 28.3% (p < .01), respectively. Overall, 85.3% of decisions relating to SLNB were influenced by 31-GEP results. CONCLUSION In this prospective, multicenter study, clinicians demonstrated clinically meaningful use of the 31-GEP test to forego or pursue SLNB in patients with T1-T2 tumors resulting in a significant, risk appropriate decrease in SLNBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Yamamoto
- School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Essner
- Melanoma and Cutaneous Oncology Research Program, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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11
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Broseghini E, Filippini DM, Fabbri L, Leonardi R, Abeshi A, Dal Molin D, Fermi M, Ferracin M, Fernandez IJ. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of microRNAs in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9010009. [PMID: 36827542 PMCID: PMC9966707 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck region, with a poor survival rate (5-year overall survival 50-80%) as a consequence of an advanced-stage diagnosis and high recurrence rate. Tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse are the main risk factors of LSCC development. An early diagnosis of LSCC, a prompt detection of recurrence and a more precise monitoring of the efficacy of different treatment modalities are currently needed to reduce the mortality. Therefore, the identification of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LSCC is crucial to guide disease management and improve clinical outcomes. In the past years, a dysregulated expression of small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), has been reported in many human cancers, including LSCC, and many miRNAs have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic potential and proposed as biomarkers. We searched electronic databases for original papers that were focused on miRNAs and LSCC, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. According to the outcome, 566 articles were initially screened, of which 177 studies were selected and included in the analysis. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of the current literature on the function and the potential diagnostic and prognostic role of tissue and circulating miRNAs in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Daria Maria Filippini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Laura Fabbri
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Sant’Orsola Malpighi of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andi Abeshi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Dal Molin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Fermi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ignacio Javier Fernandez
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Zhou Y, Wang C, Chen Y, Zhang W, Fu Z, Li J, Zheng J, Xie M. A novel risk model based on anoikis: Predicting prognosis and immune infiltration in cutaneous melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1090857. [PMID: 36726781 PMCID: PMC9884695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dimal prognosis and limited treatment options. Anoikis is believed to involve in the regeneration, migration, and metastasis of tumor. The exact role of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in the development and progression of cutaneous melanoma, however, remains elusive. Four ARGs (SNAI2, TFDP1, IKBKG, and MCL1) with significant differential expression were selected through Cox regression and LASSO analyses. Data for internal and external cohorts validated the accuracy and clinical utility of the prognostic risk model based on ARGs. The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated a much better overall survival rate of low-risk patients. Notably, we also found that the action of ARGs in the CM was mediated by immune-related signaling pathways. Consensus clustering and TIME landscape analysis also indicated that the low-risk score patients have excellent immune status. Moreover, the results of immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity also confirmed the potential implications of informing individualized immune therapeutic strategies for CM. Collectively, the predictive risk model constructed based on ARGs provides an excellent and accurate prediction tool for CM patients. This present research provides a rationale for the joint application of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in CM treatment. The approach could have great therapeutic value and make a contribution to personalized medicine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zailin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Jie Zheng, ; Minghua Xie,
| | - Minghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jie Zheng, ; Minghua Xie,
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13
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Durante G, Veronesi G, Misciali C, Riefolo M, Lambertini M, Tartari F, Ricci C, Ferracin M, Dika E. Dysplastic nevi and melanoma: microRNAs tell a divergent story. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153942. [PMID: 35594599 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND dysplastic nevi (DN) share some clinical and histological features with melanoma and have been considered intermediate lesions toward malignant transformation. However, scientific evidence of DN representing melanoma precursors is still incomplete, and many observations pointed toward their being a distinct biological entity. The current definition of DN is also confusing and the practical consequence of this uncertainty is the excessive excision of DN with severe atypia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate gene expression and whose global expression can classify normal and pathological tissues. OBJECTIVES given these considerations, we decided to perform a small RNA profiling study in a group of DN and invasive melanomas obtained from the same patient, to assess tumor evolution according to the global microRNA expression. METHODS we performed a small-RNA sequencing of 6 DN, 2 congenital nevi and 4 cutaneous melanomas obtained from 4 subjects and evaluated the global miRNA expression correlation between samples. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS the hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses of global miRNA expression, independently grouped together DN and their matching congenital nevi and showed a divergence of DN miRNA profile from melanoma. Our study suggests that DN have a peculiar and different miRNA expression profile compared to melanomas developed in the same patient, thus supporting the hypothesis that DN are distinct biological entities and not melanoma precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Durante
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy; Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Cosimo Misciali
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy; Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy; Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Federico Tartari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy; Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy; Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
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14
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Durante G, Broseghini E, Comito F, Naddeo M, Milani M, Salamon I, Campione E, Dika E, Ferracin M. Circulating microRNA biomarkers in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:305-318. [PMID: 35235479 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2049243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and is classified in melanoma and non-melanoma cancers, which include basal cell, squamous cell and Merkel cell carcinoma. Specific microRNAs are dysregulated in each skin cancer type. MicroRNAs act as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulators and are actively released from tumor cells in the circulation. Cell-free microRNAs serve many, and possibly yet unexplored, functional roles, but their presence and abundance in the blood has been investigated as disease biomarker. Indeed, specific microRNAs can be isolated and quantified in the blood, usually in serum or plasma fractions, where they are uncommonly stable. MicroRNA levels reflect underlying conditions and have been associated with skin cancer presence, stage, evolution, or therapy efficacy. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the state of the art on circulating microRNAs detectable in skin cancer patients including all the studies that performed microRNA identification and quantification in the circulation using appropriate sample size and statistics and providing detailed methodology, with a specific focus on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. EXPERT OPINION Circulating microRNAs display a relevant biomarker potential. We expect the development of methodological guidelines and standardized protocols for circulating miRNA quantification in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Durante
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Comito
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Naddeo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Milani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,R&D Cantabria Labs, Difa Cooper, Italy
| | - Irene Salamon
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Montico B, Giurato G, Pecoraro G, Salvati A, Covre A, Colizzi F, Steffan A, Weisz A, Maio M, Sigalotti L, Fratta E. The pleiotropic roles of circular and long noncoding RNAs in cutaneous melanoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:565-593. [PMID: 34080276 PMCID: PMC8807361 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a very aggressive disease, often characterized by unresponsiveness to conventional therapies and high mortality rates worldwide. The identification of the activating BRAFV600 mutations in approximately 50% of CM patients has recently fueled the development of novel small-molecule inhibitors that specifically target BRAFV600 -mutant CM. In addition, a major progress in CM treatment has been made by monoclonal antibodies that regulate the immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, although target-based therapies and immunotherapeutic strategies have yielded promising results, CM treatment remains a major challenge. In the last decade, accumulating evidence points to the aberrant expression of different types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CM. While studies on microRNAs have grown exponentially leading to significant insights on CM biology, the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this tumor is less understood, and much remains to be discovered. Here, we summarize and critically review the available evidence on the molecular functions of circRNAs and lncRNAs in BRAFV600 -mutant CM and CM immunogenicity, providing recent updates on their functional role in targeted therapy and immunotherapy resistance. In addition, we also include an evaluation of several algorithms and databases for prediction and validation of circRNA and lncRNA functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno‐OncologyUniversity Hospital of SienaItaly
- University of SienaItaly
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno‐OncologyUniversity Hospital of SienaItaly
- University of SienaItaly
- NIBIT Foundation OnlusSienaItaly
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics UnitCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
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Liu K, Zhang L, Li X, Zhao J. High expression of lncRNA HSD11B1-AS1 indicates favorable prognosis and is associated with immune infiltration in cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 34992686 PMCID: PMC8721861 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive malignant cancer associated with poor prognosis. Identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting prognosis of melanoma contributes to improved clinical outcome and disease management. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve a crucial regulatory role of oncogenesis and tumor suppression in melanoma. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, novel lncRNA 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-antisense RNA 1 (HSD11B1-AS1) was identified, which was significantly downregulated in malignant melanoma and its downregulation was significantly associated with poor clinicopathological characteristics, including advanced T and pathological stage, Clark level, Breslow depth and ulceration and worse prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that HSD11B1-AS1, as well as N stage and Breslow depth, were independent prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma, and nomograms suggested a good predictive value of 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival, progression-free interval and disease-specific survival. In vitro experiments verified the decreased HSD11B1-AS1 expression in melanoma cell lines compared with human epidermal melanocytes. Moreover, cell experiments in vitro, including Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assay, suggested that overexpression of HSD11B1-AS1 significantly inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Functional enrichment showed significantly enriched pathways in IFN-γ and -α response, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB and IL-2/STAT-5 and IL-6/JAK/STAT-3 signaling. In addition, immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that HSD11B1-AS1 may function by accelerating immune response regulation and the immune cell infiltration of various immunocytes, especially T, T helper 1, activated dendritic and B cells. The present study revealed HSD11B1-AS1 as a potential therapeutic target and promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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17
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Non-coding RNA dysregulation in skin cancers. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:641-655. [PMID: 34414406 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common cancers worldwide. They can be classified in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the latter includes squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In recent years, the crucial role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in skin cancer pathogenesis has become increasingly evident. NcRNAs are functional RNA molecules that lack any protein-coding activity. These ncRNAs are classified based on their length: small, medium-size, and long ncRNAs. Among the most studied ncRNAs there are microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNA (circRNAs). ncRNAs have the ability to regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and are involved in skin cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Many ncRNAs exhibit tissue- or cell-specific expression while others have been correlated to tumor staging, drug resistance, and prognosis. For these reasons, ncRNAs have both a diagnostic and prognostic significance in skin cancers. Our review summarizes the functional role of ncRNAs in skin cancers and their potential clinical application as biomarkers.
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18
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MicroRNA Isoforms Contribution to Melanoma Pathogenesis. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040063. [PMID: 34698264 PMCID: PMC8544706 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most lethal tumor among skin cancers, and its incidence is constantly increasing. A deeper understanding of the molecular processes guiding melanoma pathogenesis could improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. MicroRNAs play a key role in melanoma biology. Recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) experiments, designed to assess small-RNA expression, revealed the existence of microRNA variants with different length and sequence. These microRNA isoforms are known as isomiRs and provide an additional layer to the complex non-coding RNA world. Here, we collected data from NGS experiments to provide a comprehensive characterization of miRNA and isomiR dysregulation in benign nevi (BN) and early-stage melanomas. We observed that melanoma and BN express different and specific isomiRs and have a different isomiR abundance distribution. Moreover, isomiRs from the same microRNA can have opposite expression trends between groups. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset of skin cancers, we analyzed isomiR expression in primary melanoma and melanoma metastasis and tested their association with NF1, BRAF and NRAS mutations. IsomiRs differentially expressed were identified and catalogued with reference to the canonical form. The reported non-random dysregulation of specific isomiRs contributes to the understanding of the complex melanoma pathogenesis and serves as the basis for further functional studies.
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19
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Manganelli M, Guida S, Ferretta A, Pellacani G, Porcelli L, Azzariti A, Guida G. Behind the Scene: Exploiting MC1R in Skin Cancer Risk and Prevention. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1093. [PMID: 34356109 PMCID: PMC8305013 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most frequent cancers of the skin in white populations. An increased risk in the development of skin cancers has been associated with the combination of several environmental factors (i.e., ultraviolet exposure) and genetic background, including melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) status. In the last few years, advances in the diagnosis of skin cancers provided a great impact on clinical practice. Despite these advances, NMSCs are still the most common malignancy in humans and melanoma still shows a rising incidence and a poor prognosis when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Efforts are required to underlie the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of melanoma and NMSCs, leading to an optimization of the management of affected patients. The clinical implications of the impact of germline MC1R variants in melanoma and NMSCs' risk, together with the additional risk conferred by somatic mutations in other peculiar genes, as well as the role of MC1R screening in skin cancers' prevention will be addressed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Manganelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
- DMMT-Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- Department of Surgical-Medical-Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant-Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Anna Ferretta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
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20
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Dika E, Broseghini E, Porcellini E, Lambertini M, Riefolo M, Durante G, Loher P, Roncarati R, Bassi C, Misciali C, Negrini M, Rigoutsos I, Londin E, Patrizi A, Ferracin M. Unraveling the role of microRNA/isomiR network in multiple primary melanoma pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:473. [PMID: 33980826 PMCID: PMC8115306 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a potentially lethal form of skin cancer whose worldwide incidence has been constantly increasing over the past decades. During their lifetime, about 8% of CM patients will develop multiple primary melanomas (MPMs), usually at a young age and within 3 years from the first tumor/diagnosis. With the aim of improving our knowledge on MPM biology and pathogenesis, we explored the miRNome of 24 single and multiple primary melanomas, including multiple tumors from the same patient, using a small RNA-sequencing approach. From a supervised analysis, 22 miRNAs were differentially expressed in MPM compared to single CM, including key miRNAs involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The first and second melanoma from the same patient presented a different miRNA profile. Ten miRNAs, including miR-25-3p, 149-5p, 92b-3p, 211-5p, 125a-5p, 125b-5p, 205-5p, 200b-3p, 21-5p, and 146a-5p, were further validated in 47 single and multiple melanoma samples. Pathway enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes revealed a more differentiated and less invasive status of MPMs compared to CMs. Bioinformatic analyses at the miRNA isoform (isomiR) level detected a panel of highly expressed isomiRs belonging to miRNA families implicated in human tumorigenesis, including miR-200, miR-30, and miR-10 family. Moreover, we identified hsa-miR-125a-5p|0|-2 isoform as tenfold over-represented in melanoma than the canonical form and differentially expressed in MPMs arising in the same patient. Target prediction analysis revealed that the miRNA shortening could change the pattern of target gene regulation, specifically in genes implicated in cell adhesion and neuronal differentiation. Overall, we provided a putative and comprehensive characterization of the miRNA/isomiR regulatory network of MPMs, highlighting mechanisms of tumor development and molecular features differentiating this subtype from single melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Porcellini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Durante
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Phillipe Loher
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Roberta Roncarati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- CNR, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cosimo Misciali
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, and "Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Huang WQ, Zhuang QR, He ZJ. ILF3-AS1 promotes the aerobic glycolysis and proliferation of melanoma cells by regulating miR-493-5p/PDK1 pathway. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021; 157:173-181. [PMID: 33913671 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.21.06906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the role of ILF3-AS1 in regulating the survival of melanoma and its molecular mechanism. METHODS The relative expression level of ILF3-AS1 in melanoma was assessed by qPCR. The effect of ILF3-AS1 and PDK1 on the cell viability was tested by MTT assay. Glucose uptake colorimetric assay, lactate assay, the measurements of extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were performed to test the effect of ILF3-AS1 and PDK1 on the cellular glycolysis. Luciferase assay was conducted to detect the interactions of ILF3-AS1, miR-493-5p and PDK1. RNA immunoprecipitation chip (RIP) assay was used to detect the enrichments of ILF3-AS1 and miR-493-5p in the complex. Protein level of PDK1 was detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS qPCR revealed that ILF3-AS1 was upregulated in human melanoma cell lines. MTT assay showed that ILF3-AS1 knockdown blunted cell proliferation, which was rescued by the overexpression of PDK1. Glucose uptake colorimetric assay, lactate assay, the measurements of ECAR and OCR indicated that ILF3-AS1 promoted glycolysis through PDK1. Western blotting results showed that ILF3-AS1 overexpression promoted PDK1 expression, which was prevented by miR-493-5p overexpression in SK-MEL-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS ILF3-AS1 promotes the aerobic glycolysis and survival of melanoma cells involving miR-493-5p/PDK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Q Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming City, China
| | - Qian R Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming City, China -
| | - Zhi J He
- Department of Oncology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming City, China
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22
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Chen J, Li P, Chen Z, Wang S, Tang S, Chen X, Chen Z, Zhou J. Elevated LINC01550 induces the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of melanoma. Med Oncol 2021; 38:32. [PMID: 33609219 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a high-grade malignant subtype of human skin cancer with the highest mortality rate. Here we perform a bioinformatics analysis concerning human melanoma tissues by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) platform. We found that lncRNA LINC01550 was significantly down-regulated in the melanoma tissues as compared to the normal tissues. The low expression of LINC01550 was tightly associated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with melanoma. LINC01550 expression is negatively associated with tumor cell proliferation and invasion abilities in melanoma as evidenced by the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) databases. LINC01550-overexpressing vectors were transferred into melanoma cells (WM35 and WM451). Up-regulation of LINC01550 significantly inhibited proliferation and invasion abilities, as well as induced cell apoptosis and G1 and S phase arrest of the melanoma cells. In conclusion, overexpression of LINC01550 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zizi Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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23
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Dual Encapsulated Dacarbazine and Zinc Phthalocyanine Polymeric Nanoparticle for Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma. Pharm Res 2021; 38:335-346. [PMID: 33604784 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma is an invasive and very aggressive skin cancer due to its multi-drug resistance that results in poor patient survival. There is a need to test new treatment approaches to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects of conventional treatments. METHODS PLA/PVA nanoparticles carrying both Dacarbazine and zinc phthalocyanine was produced by double emulsion technique. The characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. In vitro photodynamic therapy test assay using MV3 melanoma cells as a model has been performed. In vitro cell viability (MTT) was performed to measure cell toxicity of of nanoparticles with and without drugs using human endothelial cells as a model. The in vivo assay (biodistribution/tissue deposition) has been performed using radiolabeled PLA/PVA NPs. RESULTS The nanoparticles produced showed a mean diameter of about 259 nm with a spherical shape. The in-vitro photodynamic therapy tests demonstrated that the combination is critical to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and it is dose dependent. The in vitro cell toxicity assay using endothelial cells demonstrated that the drug encapsulated into nanoparticles had no significant toxicity compared to control samples. In-vivo results demonstrated that the drug loading affects the biodistribution of the nanoparticle formulations (NPs). Low accumulation of the NPs into the stomach, heart, brain, and kidneys suggested that common side effects of Dacarbazine could be reduced. CONCLUSION This work reports a robust nanoparticle formulation with the objective to leveraging the synergistic effects of chemo and photodynamic therapies to potentially suppressing the drug resistance and reducing side effects associated with Dacarbazine. The data corroborates that the dual encapsulated NPs showed better in-vitro efficacy when compared with the both compounds alone. The results support the need to have a dual modality NP formulation for melanoma therapy by combining chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy.
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Dika E, Lambertini M, Pellegrini C, Veronesi G, Melotti B, Riefolo M, Sperandi F, Patrizi A, Ricci C, Mussi M, Fargnoli MC. Cutaneous and Mucosal Melanomas of Uncommon Sites: Where Do We Stand Now? J Clin Med 2021; 10:478. [PMID: 33525348 PMCID: PMC7866093 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas arising at uncommon sites include a group of lesions related to unusual localizations in specific ethnic groups. The rarity of the disease often represents a limit to the participation of patients in specific trials. However, this peculiar genetic scenario has important therapeutic implications regarding new oncologic therapies. The aim of this article is to review the clinical features, somatic alterations and therapeutic options for melanomas of uncommon sites. They can be classified as cutaneous and mucosal lesions affecting the nail apparatus, palms/soles, oral mucosa, genital area and scalp. The prognosis may be worse compared to melanomas of other districts, and a prompt diagnosis may dramatically influence the outcome. Dermatologists and oncologists should therefore distinguish this melanoma subgroup in terms of surgical intervention and medical treatment. Due to the lack of mutations in genes usually found in cutaneous melanomas, the discovery of novel targets is required to develop new strategies and to change the prognosis of non-responders or wild-type patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Pellegrini
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.P.); (M.C.F.)
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS di Policlinico Sant’Orsola, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (B.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Francesca Sperandi
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS di Policlinico Sant’Orsola, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (B.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Costantino Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (C.R.)
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Mussi
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (G.V.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.P.); (M.C.F.)
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25
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Dika E, Scarfì F, Ferracin M, Broseghini E, Marcelli E, Bortolani B, Campione E, Riefolo M, Ricci C, Lambertini M. Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155572. [PMID: 32759706 PMCID: PMC7432343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of carcinoma worldwide. BCC development is the result of a complex interaction between environmental, phenotypic and genetic factors. However, despite the progress in the field, BCC biology and mechanisms of resistance against systemic treatments have been poorly investigated. The aim of the present review is to provide a revision of BCC histological and molecular features, including microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, with a specific focus on the molecular basis of BCC systemic therapies. Papers from the last ten years regarding BCC genetic and phenotypic alterations, as well as the mechanism of resistance against hedgehog pathway inhibitors vismodegib and sonidegib were included. The involvement of miRNAs in BCC resistance to systemic therapies is emerging as a new field of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italia; (F.S.); (M.L.)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512144849
| | - Federica Scarfì
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italia; (F.S.); (M.L.)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Emanuela Marcelli
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Bortolani
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Martina Lambertini
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italia; (F.S.); (M.L.)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Dika E, Riefolo M, Porcellini E, Broseghini E, Ribero S, Senetta R, Osella-Abate S, Scarfì F, Lambertini M, Veronesi G, Patrizi A, Fanti PA, Ferracin M. Defining the Prognostic Role of MicroRNAs in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2260-2267. [PMID: 32275975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breslow thickness (BT) is the most important histopathologic factor for primary melanoma staging. BT determines the margins for wide local excision whether sentinel lymph node biopsy should be performed and subsequent melanoma staging, and patient management. The correct determination of a 0.8-mm cutoff in melanoma is important for pathologists because discrepancies leading to a change in stage can have significant clinical implications, including incorrect and/or inappropriate prognostic information, investigation, management, and follow-up. Difficulties in BT determination are mostly represented by the presence of regression or melanoma associated with a pre-existing nevus. This study aimed at investigating a molecular parameter, namely microRNA (miRNA) expression, in reference to BT assessment. Melanoma cell proliferation is influenced by miRNA dysregulation. Indeed, some miRNAs sustain and induce proliferative signals or repress growth-suppressive pathways, thereby promoting melanoma carcinogenesis. To identify the miRNAs correlating with BT, we analyzed our global miRNA expression data of 20 thin melanomas and identified two potential candidates, miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p. We assessed the expression of these two specific miRNAs in 90 archive formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of superficially spreading melanomas (SSMs) and 25 nodular melanomas from two independent cohorts and correlated the individual and combined miRNA expression with BT and other tumor characteristics. The individually normalized expression of miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p showed a highly significant and linear correlation with BT in SSM, and their combined expression value was more strongly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.799, 95% CI = 0.71-0.86) than their individual expressions. This correlation was not significant in nodular melanoma. In SSM, we observed that the combined miRNA expression above or below 1.5 was significantly associated with overall survival and successfully identified all patients with relapsing SSM. We concluded that the combined assessment of miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p expression in superficially spreading melanoma, in association with BT measurement, could aid pathologists in SSM staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mattia Riefolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Porcellini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Osella-Abate
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Scarfì
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Alessandro Fanti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Tian X, Wu Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Niu M, Gao S, Qin T, Bao D. Long noncoding RNA LINC00662 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and hepatocellular carcinoma progression via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:462-483. [PMID: 31785055 PMCID: PMC6998656 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages have important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been reported to be involved in HCC. In this study, we explored how lncRNA LINC00662 may influence HCC progression through both tumor cell-dependent and macrophage-dependent mechanisms. LINC00662 was found to be upregulated in HCC, and high LINC00662 levels correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. LINC00662 upregulated WNT3A expression and secretion via competitively binding miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-107. Through inducing WNT3A secretion, LINC00662 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HCC cells in an autocrine manner and further promoted HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle, and tumor cell invasion, while repressing HCC cell apoptosis. In addition, acting through WNT3A secretion, LINC00662 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in macrophages in a paracrine manner and further promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and M2 macrophages polarization, LINC00662 significantly promoted HCC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Hence, targeting LINC00662 may provide novel therapeutic strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Menglan Niu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shanjun Gao
- Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dengke Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Lu T, Chen S, Qu L, Wang Y, Chen HD, He C. Identification of a five-miRNA signature predicting survival in cutaneous melanoma cancer patients. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7831. [PMID: 31660262 PMCID: PMC6814066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Numerous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed abnormally in melanoma tissues. Our work aimed to assess multiple miRNAs using bioinformatic analysis in order to predict the prognoses of cutaneous melanoma patients. Methods The microarray dataset GSE35579 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to detect the differential expression of miRNAs (DEMs), including 41 melanoma (primary and metastatic) tissues and 11 benign nevi. Clinical information and miRNA sequencing data of cutaneous melanoma tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) to assess the prognostic values of DEMs. Additionally, the target genes of DEMs were anticipated using miRanda, miRmap, TargetScan, and PicTar. Finally, functional analysis was performed using selected target genes on the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website. Results After performing bioinformatic analysis, a total of 185 DEMs were identified: 80 upregulated miRNAs and 105 downregulated miRNAs. A five-miRNA (miR-25, miR-204, miR-211, miR-510, miR-513c) signature was discovered to be a potential significant prognostic biomarker of cutaneous melanoma when using the Kaplan–Meier survival method (P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the five-miRNA signature could be an independent prognostic marker (HR = 0.605, P = 0.006) in cutaneous melanoma patients. Biological pathway analysis indicated that the target genes may be involved in PI3K-Akt pathways, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and focal adhesion. Conclusion The identified five-miRNA signature may serve as a prognostic biomarker, or as a potential therapeutic target, in cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Yunlin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Chundi He
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Calin
- Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia Departments, The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX, USA
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