1
|
Chen X, Agustinus AS, Li J, DiBona M, Bakhoum SF. Chromosomal instability as a driver of cancer progression. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00761-7. [PMID: 39075192 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to an increased propensity of cells to acquire structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities during cell division, which contributes to tumour genetic heterogeneity. CIN has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, and evidence over the past decade has strongly linked CIN to tumour evolution, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Until recently, the mechanisms by which CIN propels cancer progression have remained elusive. Beyond the generation of genomic copy number heterogeneity, recent work has unveiled additional tumour-promoting consequences of abnormal chromosome segregation. These mechanisms include complex chromosomal rearrangements, epigenetic reprogramming and the induction of cancer cell-intrinsic inflammation, emphasizing the multifaceted role of CIN in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert S Agustinus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody DiBona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Athwal H, Kochiyanil A, Bhat V, Allan AL, Parsyan A. Centrosomes and associated proteins in pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370565. [PMID: 38606093 PMCID: PMC11007099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide. Despite significant advances in treatment, it remains one of the leading causes of female mortality. The inability to effectively treat advanced and/or treatment-resistant breast cancer demonstrates the need to develop novel treatment strategies and targeted therapies. Centrosomes and their associated proteins have been shown to play key roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and thus represent promising targets for drug and biomarker development. Centrosomes are fundamental cellular structures in the mammalian cell that are responsible for error-free execution of cell division. Centrosome amplification and aberrant expression of its associated proteins such as Polo-like kinases (PLKs), Aurora kinases (AURKs) and Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been observed in various cancers, including breast cancer. These aberrations in breast cancer are thought to cause improper chromosomal segregation during mitosis, leading to chromosomal instability and uncontrolled cell division, allowing cancer cells to acquire new genetic changes that result in evasion of cell death and the promotion of tumor formation. Various chemical compounds developed against PLKs and AURKs have shown meaningful antitumorigenic effects in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of these inhibitors is likely related to exacerbation of numerical genomic instability, such as aneuploidy or polyploidy. Furthermore, growing evidence demonstrates enhanced antitumorigenic effects when inhibitors specific to centrosome-associated proteins are used in combination with either radiation or chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the roles of centrosome and centrosome-associated proteins in breast cancer pathogenesis and their utility as novel targets for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Athwal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arpitha Kochiyanil
- Faculty of Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vasudeva Bhat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alison L. Allan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Armen Parsyan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St. Joseph’s Health Care London and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao ML, Wang JX, Bian XK, Zhang J, Han YW, Xu SX, Lee SC, Zhao JZ. Hexavalent chromium causes centrosome amplification by inhibiting the binding between TMOD2 and NPM2. Toxicol Lett 2023; 380:12-22. [PMID: 36963620 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium can promote centrosome amplification (CA) as well as tumorigenesis. Since CA can lead to tumorigenesis, it is plausible that the chromium promotes the development of cancer via CA. In the present study, we investigated the signaling pathways of the chromium-induced CA. RESULTS Our results showed that sub-toxic concentration of chromium was able to cause CA in HCT116 cells, and decrease the expression of TMOD2 and NPM2. Furthermore, TMOD2 and NPM2 interacted to each other via their C-terminal and the N-terminal, respectively, which was inhibited by the chromium. Overexpression of TMOD2 and NPM2 increased their binding and significantly attenuated the CA. Moreover, TMOD2 and NPM2 were co-localized with the centrosomes. The chromium inhibited the centrosomeal localization of NPM2, which was reversed by the overexpression of TMOD2, C-terminal of TMOD2, but not the N-terminal of NPM2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the chromium induces CA via inhibiting the binding between TMOD2 and NPM2 as well as the dissociation of NPM2 from centrosomes. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS The data and materials are available from the corresponding authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Jia Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Xue Kai Bian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Ya Wen Han
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Si Xian Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China.
| | - Ji Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu 221112, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fonseca I, Horta C, Ribeiro AS, Sousa B, Marteil G, Bettencourt-Dias M, Paredes J. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) potentiates anoikis-resistance of p53KO mammary epithelial cells by inducing a hybrid EMT phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:133. [PMID: 36797240 PMCID: PMC9935921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), the major regulator of centriole biogenesis, has emerged as a putative therapeutic target in cancer due to its abnormal expression in human carcinomas, leading to centrosome number deregulation, mitotic defects and chromosomal instability. Moreover, Plk4 deregulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models and is significantly associated with poor patient prognosis. Here, we further investigate the role of Plk4 in carcinogenesis and show that its overexpression significantly potentiates resistance to cell death by anoikis of nontumorigenic p53 knock-out (p53KO) mammary epithelial cells. Importantly, this effect is independent of Plk4's role in centrosome biogenesis, suggesting that this kinase has additional cellular functions. Interestingly, the Plk4-induced anoikis resistance is associated with the induction of a stable hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and is partially dependent on P-cadherin upregulation. Furthermore, we found that the conditioned media of Plk4-induced p53KO mammary epithelial cells also induces anoikis resistance of breast cancer cells in a paracrine way, being also partially dependent on soluble P-cadherin secretion. Our work shows, for the first time, that high expression levels of Plk4 induce anoikis resistance of both mammary epithelial cells with p53KO background, as well as of breast cancer cells exposed to their secretome, which is partially mediated through P-cadherin upregulation. These results reinforce the idea that Plk4, independently of its role in centrosome biogenesis, functions as an oncogene, by impacting the tumor microenvironment to promote malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Fonseca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cíntia Horta
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | | | - Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das L. Epigenetic alterations impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition by modulating centrosome amplification and Myc/RAS axis in triple negative breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2458. [PMID: 36774386 PMCID: PMC9922331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in centrosome proteins may result in centrosome abnormalities such as disorganized spindles and centrosome amplification, leading to aneuploidy and genomic instability. Centrosomes exhibit unique epigenetic properties in which structural or positional information is propagated through somatic lineage by non-genetic pathways. Excessive centrosome amplification in breast cancer is accompanied by efficient clustering and loss of E-cadherin, indicating an important adaptive mechanism of cancer. This study sought to elucidate the effect of epigenetic alterations on centrosome amplification, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in triple negative human breast adenocarcinoma derived MDA-MB-231 cell line. The results obtained here show that siRNA mediated silencing of DNMT1 and specific inhibition of HDAC1 & HDAC2 by Tricostatin A (TSA) synergistically inhibit cell proliferation through modulation of centrosome proteins γ-tubulin, TUBGCP2 and pericentrin. In addition, induction of apoptosis was observed by downregulation of Bcl2, upregulation of Bax and activation of PARP cleavage. Inhibition of EMT was confirmed through upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin. Similarly, downregulation of Myc, RAS and CDK2, which plays important roles in proliferation and survival, was observed. Nuclear protein analysis revealed downregulation in the nuclear translocation of E2F1, which regulates centrosome amplification and metastasis in breast cancer. In conclusion, this study confirmed the role of epigenetic regulators in centrosome amplification and suggests that inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation-mediated chromatin remodelling synergistically disrupt EMT through modulation of centrosome amplification and Myc/RAS axis to potentiate apoptosis and attenuate cell proliferation in triple negative breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmidhar Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), The University for Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fang Z, Gao ZJ, Yu X, Sun SR, Yao F. Identification of a centrosome-related prognostic signature for breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1138049. [PMID: 37035151 PMCID: PMC10073657 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1138049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the major microtubule organizing center in animal cells, the centrosome is implicated with human breast tumor in multiple ways, such as promotion of tumor cell immune evasion. Here, we aimed to detect the expression of centrosome-related genes (CRGs) in normal and malignant breast tissues, and construct a novel centrosome-related prognostic model to discover new biomarkers and screen drugs for breast cancer. Methods We collected CRGs from the public databases and literature. The differentially expressed CRGs between normal and malignant breast tissues were identified by the DESeq2. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses were conducted to screen candidate prognostic CRGs and develop a centrosome-related signature (CRS) to score breast cancer patients. We further manipulated and visualized data from TCGA, GEO, IMvigor210, TCIA and TIMER to explore the correlation between CRS and patient outcomes, clinical manifestations, mutational landscapes, tumor immune microenvironments, and responses to diverse therapies. Single cell analyses were performed to investigate the difference of immune cell landscape between high- and low-risk group patients. In addition, we constructed a nomogram to guide clinicians in precise treatment. Results A total of 726 CRGs were collected from the public databases and literature. PSME2, MAPK10, EIF4EBP1 were screened as the prognostic genes in breast cancer. Next, we constructed a centrosome-related prognostic signature and validated its efficacy based on the genes for predicting the survival of breast cancer patients. The high-risk group patients had poor prognoses, the area under the ROC curve for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 0.77, 0.67, and 0.65, respectively. The predictive capacity of CRS was validated by other datasets from GEO dataset. In addition, high-risk group patients exhibited elevated level of mutational landscapes and decreased level of immune infiltration, especially T and B lymphocytes. In terms of treatment responses, patients in the high-risk group were found to be resistant to immunotherapy but sensitive to chemotherapy. Moreover, we screened a series of candidate anticancer drugs with high sensitivity in the high-risk group. Conclusion Our work exploited a centrosome-related prognostic signature and developed a predictive nomogram capable of accurately predicting breast cancer OS. The above discoveries provide deeper insights into the vital roles of the centrosome and contribute to the development of personalized treatment for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Yao
- *Correspondence: Feng Yao, ; Sheng-Rong Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scribano CM, Wan J, Esbona K, Tucker JB, Lasek A, Zhou AS, Zasadil LM, Molini R, Fitzgerald J, Lager AM, Laffin JJ, Correia-Staudt K, Wisinski KB, Tevaarwerk AJ, O’Regan R, McGregor SM, Fowler AM, Chappell RJ, Bugni TS, Burkard ME, Weaver BA. Chromosomal instability sensitizes patient breast tumors to multipolar divisions induced by paclitaxel. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd4811. [PMID: 34516829 PMCID: PMC8612166 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. However, its mechanism of cytotoxicity is incompletely understood and not all patients benefit from treatment. We show that patients with breast cancer did not accumulate sufficient intratumoral paclitaxel to induce mitotic arrest in tumor cells. Instead, clinically relevant concentrations induced multipolar mitotic spindle formation. However, the extent of early multipolarity did not predict patient response. Whereas multipolar divisions frequently led to cell death, multipolar spindles focused into bipolar spindles before division at variable frequency, and maintaining multipolarity throughout mitosis was critical to induce the high rates of chromosomal instability necessary for paclitaxel to elicit cell death. Increasing multipolar divisions in paclitaxel resulted in improved cytotoxicity. Conversely, decreasing paclitaxel-induced multipolar divisions reduced paclitaxel efficacy. Moreover, we found that preexisting chromosomal instability sensitized breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Both genetic and pharmacological methods of inducing chromosomal instability were sufficient to increase paclitaxel efficacy. In patients, the amount of pretreatment chromosomal instability directly correlated with taxane response in metastatic breast cancer such that patients with a higher rate of preexisting chromosomal instability showed improved response to taxanes. Together, these results support the use of baseline rates of chromosomal instability as a predictive biomarker for paclitaxel response. Furthermore, they suggest that agents that increase chromosomal instability or maintain multipolar spindles throughout mitosis will improve the clinical utility of paclitaxel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Scribano
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John B. Tucker
- Cancer Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amber Lasek
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amber S. Zhou
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lauren M. Zasadil
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ryan Molini
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan Fitzgerald
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Angela M. Lager
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | - Kari B. Wisinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Ruth O’Regan
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stephanie M. McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amy M. Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Tim S. Bugni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao JZ, Ye Q, Wang L, Lee SC. Centrosome amplification in cancer and cancer-associated human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188566. [PMID: 33992724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence from genetically modified cell and animal models indicates that centrosome amplification (CA) can initiate tumorigenesis with metastatic potential and enhance cell invasion. Multiple human diseases are associated with CA and carcinogenesis as well as metastasis, including infection with oncogenic viruses, type 2 diabetes, toxicosis by environmental pollution and inflammatory disease. In this review, we summarize (1) the evidence for the roles of CA in tumorigenesis and tumor cell invasion; (2) the association between diseases and carcinogenesis as well as metastasis; (3) the current knowledge of CA in the diseases; and (4) the signaling pathways of CA. We then give our own thinking and discuss perspectives relevant to CA in carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis in human diseases. In conclusion, investigations in this area might not only identify CA as a biological link between these diseases and the development of cancer but also prove the causal role of CA in cancer and progression under pathophysiological conditions, potentially taking cancer research into a new era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qin Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mittal K, Kaur J, Jaczko M, Wei G, Toss MS, Rakha EA, Janssen EAM, Søiland H, Kucuk O, Reid MD, Gupta MV, Aneja R. Centrosome amplification: a quantifiable cancer cell trait with prognostic value in solid malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:319-339. [PMID: 33106971 PMCID: PMC7897259 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerical and/or structural centrosome amplification (CA) is a hallmark of cancers that is often associated with the aberrant tumor karyotypes and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, CA compromises mitotic fidelity and leads to chromosome instability (CIN), which underlies tumor initiation and progression. Recent technological advances in microscopy and image analysis platforms have enabled better-than-ever detection and quantification of centrosomal aberrancies in cancer. Numerous studies have thenceforth correlated the presence and the degree of CA with indicators of poor prognosis such as higher tumor grade and ability to recur and metastasize. We have pioneered a novel semi-automated pipeline that integrates immunofluorescence confocal microscopy with digital image analysis to yield a quantitative centrosome amplification score (CAS), which is a summation of the severity and frequency of structural and numerical centrosome aberrations in tumor samples. Recent studies in breast cancer show that CA increases across the disease progression continuum, while normal breast tissue exhibited the lowest CA, followed by cancer-adjacent apparently normal, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive tumors, which showed the highest CA. This finding strengthens the notion that CA could be evolutionarily favored and can promote tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, extent, and severity of CA in various solid cancer types, the utility of quantifying amplified centrosomes as an independent prognostic marker. We also highlight the clinical feasibility of a CA-based risk score for predicting recurrence, metastasis, and overall prognosis in patients with solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Mittal
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Meghan Jaczko
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Guanhao Wei
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Michael S Toss
- Department of Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|