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Cabrera-Pérez I, D'Auria L, Soubestre J, Przeor M, Barrancos J, García-Hernández R, Ibáñez JM, Koulakov I, van Dorth DM, Ortega V, Padilla GD, Sagiya T, Pérez N. Spatio-temporal velocity variations observed during the pre-eruptive episode of La Palma 2021 eruption inferred from ambient noise interferometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12039. [PMID: 37491500 PMCID: PMC10368664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On Sept. 19th, 2021, a volcanic eruption began on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). The pre-eruptive episode was characterized by seismicity and ground deformation that started only 9.5 days before the eruption. In this study, we applied seismic interferometry to the data recorded by six broadband seismic stations, allowing us to estimate velocity variations during the weeks preceding the eruption. About 9.5 days before the eruption, we observed a reduction in the seismic velocities is registered next to the eruptive centers that opened later. Furthermore, this zone overlaps with the epicenters of a cluster of volcano-tectonic earthquakes located at shallow depth (< 4 km) and detached from the main cluster of deeper seismicity. We interpret the decrease in seismic velocities and the occurrence of such a shallow earthquake cluster as the effect of hydrothermal fluid released by the ascending magma batch and reaching the surface faster than the magma itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cabrera-Pérez
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Luca D'Auria
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jean Soubestre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, ISTerre, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Monika Przeor
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José Barrancos
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Hernández
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jesús M Ibáñez
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmos, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Avd. Fuenteneueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Geophysiscs, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, C/Profesor Clavera 12, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ivan Koulakov
- Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Prospekt Koptyuga, 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - David Martínez van Dorth
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortega
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Germán D Padilla
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Takeshi Sagiya
- Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nemesio Pérez
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Granadilla de Abona, 38600, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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2
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Rey-Devesa P, Prudencio J, Benítez C, Bretón M, Plasencia I, León Z, Ortigosa F, Gutiérrez L, Arámbula-Mendoza R, Ibáñez JM. Tracking volcanic explosions using Shannon entropy at Volcán de Colima. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9807. [PMID: 37330531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to show that Shannon Entropy (SE) calculated on continuous seismic signals can be used in a volcanic eruption monitoring system. We analysed three years of volcanic activity of Volcán de Colima, México, recorded between January 2015 and May 2017. This period includes two large explosions, with pyroclastic and lava flows, and intense activity of less energetic explosion, culminating with a period of quiescence. In order to confirm the success of our results, we used images of the Visual Monitoring system of Colima Volcano Observatory. Another of the objectives of this work is to show how the decrease in SE values can be used to track minor explosive activity, helping Machine Learning algorithms to work more efficiently in the complex problem of distinguishing the explosion signals in the seismograms. We show that the two big eruptions selected were forecasted successfully (6 and 2 days respectively) using the decay of SE. We conclude that SE could be used as a complementary tool in seismic volcano monitoring, showing its successful behaviour prior to energetic eruptions, giving time enough to alert the population and prepare for the consequences of an imminent and well predicted moment of the eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rey-Devesa
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmos, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Andalusian Institute of Geophysics, Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, C/Profesor Clavera 12, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Janire Prudencio
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmos, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Geophysics, Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, C/Profesor Clavera 12, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Benítez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communication, Informatics and Telecommunication School, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mauricio Bretón
- Centro Universitario de Estudios Vulcanológicos (CUEV), Observatorio Vulcanológico, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Imelda Plasencia
- Centro Universitario de Estudios Vulcanológicos (CUEV), Observatorio Vulcanológico, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Zoraida León
- Centro Universitario de Estudios Vulcanológicos (CUEV), Observatorio Vulcanológico, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Félix Ortigosa
- Centro Universitario de Estudios Vulcanológicos (CUEV), Observatorio Vulcanológico, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Ligdamis Gutiérrez
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmos, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Geophysics, Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, C/Profesor Clavera 12, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Arámbula-Mendoza
- Centro Universitario de Estudios Vulcanológicos (CUEV), Observatorio Vulcanológico, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Jesús M Ibáñez
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmos, Science Faculty, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Geophysics, Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, C/Profesor Clavera 12, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Lamur A, Kendrick JE, Schaefer LN, Lavallée Y, Kennedy BM. Damage amplification during repetitive seismic waves in mechanically loaded rocks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1271. [PMID: 36690640 PMCID: PMC9870869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycles of stress build-up and release are inherent to tectonically active planets. Such stress oscillations impart strain and damage, prompting mechanically loaded rocks and materials to fail. Here, we investigate, under uniaxial conditions, damage accumulation and weakening caused by time-dependent creep (at 60, 65, and 70% of the rocks' expected failure stress) and repeating stress oscillations (of ± 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5% of the creep load), simulating earthquakes at a shaking frequency of ~ 1.3 Hz in volcanic rocks. The results show that stress oscillations impart more damage than constant loads, occasionally prompting sample failure. The magnitudes of the creep stresses and stress oscillations correlate with the mechanical responses of our porphyritic andesites, implicating progressive microcracking as the cause of permanent inelastic strain. Microstructural investigation reveals longer fractures and higher fracture density in the post-experimental rock. We deconvolve the inelastic strain signal caused by creep deformation to quantify the amount of damage imparted by each individual oscillation event, showing that the magnitude of strain is generally largest with the first few oscillations; in instances where pre-existing damage and/or the oscillations' amplitude favour the coalescence of micro-cracks towards system scale failure, the strain signal recorded shows a sharp increase as the number of oscillations increases, regardless of the creep condition. We conclude that repetitive stress oscillations during earthquakes can amplify the amount of damage in otherwise mechanically loaded materials, thus accentuating their weakening, a process that may affect natural or engineered structures. We specifically discuss volcanic scenarios without wholesale failure, where stress oscillations may generate damage, which could, for example, alter pore fluid pathways, modify stress distribution and affect future vulnerability to rupture and associated hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lamur
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK.
- Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Theresienstraße, 41/III, 80333, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jackie E Kendrick
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
- Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Theresienstraße, 41/III, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren N Schaefer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, 1711 Illinois St., Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- School of Earth and the Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Yan Lavallée
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
- Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Theresienstraße, 41/III, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Ben M Kennedy
- School of Earth and the Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Brissaud Q, Krishnamoorthy S, Jackson JM, Bowman DC, Komjathy A, Cutts JA, Zhan Z, Pauken MT, Izraelevitz JS, Walsh GJ. The First Detection of an Earthquake From a Balloon Using Its Acoustic Signature. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 48:e2021GL093013. [PMID: 34433991 PMCID: PMC8365762 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl093013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperature and pressure conditions on the surface of Venus present formidable technological challenges against performing ground-based seismology. Efficient coupling between the Venusian atmosphere and the solid planet theoretically allows the study of seismically generated acoustic waves using balloons in the upper atmosphere, where conditions are far more clement. However, earthquake detection from a balloon has never been demonstrated. We present the first detection of an earthquake from a balloon-borne microbarometer near Ridgecrest, CA in July 2019 and include a detailed analysis of the dependence of seismic infrasound, as measured from a balloon on earthquake source parameters, topography, and crustal and atmospheric structure. Our comprehensive analysis of seismo-acoustic phenomenology demonstrates that seismic activity is detectable from a high-altitude platform on Earth, and that Rayleigh wave-induced infrasound can be used to constrain subsurface velocities, paving the way for the detection and characterization of such signals on Venus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Brissaud
- Seismological LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR)OsloNorway
| | | | | | | | - Attila Komjathy
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - James A. Cutts
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Zhongwen Zhan
- Seismological LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Michael T. Pauken
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - Gerald J. Walsh
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
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Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in volcanic hazard assessment is to understand how and why eruptive style changes within the same eruptive period or even from one eruption to the next at a given volcano. This review evaluates the competing processes that lead to explosive and effusive eruptions of silicic magmas. Eruptive style depends on a set of feedback involving interrelated magmatic properties and processes. Foremost of these are magma viscosity, gas loss and external properties such as conduit geometry. Ultimately, these parameters control the speed at which magmas ascend, decompress and outgas en route to the surface, and thus determine eruptive style and evolution. Eruptive styles at a single volcano may transition from explosive to effusive behaviour (or vice versa) at any given time. This review examines the underlying controls on eruptive styles such as magma viscosity, degassing and conduit geometry at volcanoes with silicic compositions.
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