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Blanc M, Lettl C, Guérin J, Vieille A, Furler S, Briand-Schumacher S, Dreier B, Bergé C, Plückthun A, Vadon-Le Goff S, Fronzes R, Rousselle P, Fischer W, Terradot L. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins provide insights into the structure and function of CagI and are potent inhibitors of CagA translocation by the Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011368. [PMID: 37155700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial human pathogen Helicobacter pylori produces a type IV secretion system (cagT4SS) to inject the oncoprotein CagA into gastric cells. The cagT4SS external pilus mediates attachment of the apparatus to the target cell and the delivery of CagA. While the composition of the pilus is unclear, CagI is present at the surface of the bacterium and required for pilus formation. Here, we have investigated the properties of CagI by an integrative structural biology approach. Using Alpha Fold 2 and Small Angle X-ray scattering, it was found that CagI forms elongated dimers mediated by rod-shape N-terminal domains (CagIN) prolonged by globular C-terminal domains (CagIC). Three Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) K2, K5 and K8 selected against CagI interacted with CagIC with subnanomolar affinities. The crystal structures of the CagI:K2 and CagI:K5 complexes were solved and identified the interfaces between the molecules, thereby providing a structural explanation for the difference in affinity between the two binders. Purified CagI and CagIC were found to interact with adenocarcinoma gastric (AGS) cells, induced cell spreading and the interaction was inhibited by K2. The same DARPin inhibited CagA translocation by up to 65% in AGS cells while inhibition levels were 40% and 30% with K8 and K5, respectively. Our study suggests that CagIC plays a key role in cagT4SS-mediated CagA translocation and that DARPins targeting CagI represent potent inhibitors of the cagT4SS, a crucial risk factor for gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Blanc
- UMR 5086 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry CNRS-Université de Lyon, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Lettl
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jérémy Guérin
- UMR 5086 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry CNRS-Université de Lyon, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Anaïs Vieille
- UMR 5086 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry CNRS-Université de Lyon, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Sven Furler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Célia Bergé
- UMR 5086 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry CNRS-Université de Lyon, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Fronzes
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, CNRS UMR 5234 Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), Lyon, France
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laurent Terradot
- UMR 5086 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry CNRS-Université de Lyon, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
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2
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Clinical and laboratory importance of detecting Helicobacter pylori coccoid forms for the selection of treatment. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2020; 15:294-300. [PMID: 33777268 PMCID: PMC7988834 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2020.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori grows and multiplies in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in about half of the world’s population. The prevalence of diseases associated with this bacterium is steadily increasing, which makes it necessary to search for optimal therapy aimed at eradication of this bacterium. Such diseases, for example, include gastric ulcer (GU) and chronic gastritis (CG). Unfortunately, modern possibilities for eradication therapy do not always make it possible to cure patients, and relapses often occur if it is cured. Nowadays, a particular topical issue has arisen, which concerns the resistance of Helicobacter pylori to therapies, because the effectiveness of medication used in clinics decreases every year. One of the mechanisms favouring tolerance to antibiotics is the transformation into a different morphological form – coccoid. This form of the bacterium was discovered quite a long time ago. Nevertheless, the question of its importance in clinical practice remains open to this day. Modern studies are aimed at understanding the role of coccoid forms of H. pylori in the survival of the population of these bacteria and at clarifying their role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. It is not known whether it is necessary to evaluate the contamination of a given morphological form of a bacterium of the gastric mucosa in clinical practice and its influence on the development of diseases etc. This article presents an overview and analysis of modern ideas about H. pylori coccoid forms and answers to the main questions posed in the last 10 years regarding the study of coccoid forms. Additionally, our results present a comparison of expression of virulence factors in coccoid and spiral forms of H. pylori.
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3
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)-Mediated Gastric Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197430. [PMID: 33050101 PMCID: PMC7582651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes persistent infection in the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world’s population, leading to the development of severe complications such as peptic ulcer diseases, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is translocated into the gastric epithelium via the type 4 secretory system (T4SS), have been indicated to play a vital role in disease development. Although infection with strains harboring the East Asian type of CagA possessing the EPIYA-A, -B, and -D sequences has been found to potentiate cell proliferation and disease pathogenicity, the exact mechanism of CagA involvement in disease severity still remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we discuss the possible role of CagA in gastric pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health (GO-MARCH), Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749
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4
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Wu X, Zhao Y, Sun L, Jiang M, Wang Q, Wang Q, Yang W, Wu Y. Crystal structure of CagV, the Helicobacter pylori homologue of the T4SS protein VirB8. FEBS J 2019; 286:4294-4309. [PMID: 31230405 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The VirB/D type IV secretion system (T4SS) plays an essential role in materials transport between host cells and pathogenic Helicobacter pylori and is considered the major pathogenic mediator of H. pylori-associated gastric disease. VirB8, an inner membrane protein that interacts with many other proteins, is a crucial component for secretory function. Here, we present a crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of CagV, the VirB8 counterpart in the H. pylori Cag-T4SS. The structure reveals a fold similar to that of other VirB8 members except for the absence of the α5 helix, a discontinuous β1 strand, a larger angle between the α2 and α3 helices, a more hydrophobic surface groove, but exhibits a different dimer interface. Whether the dimerization occurs in solution was proved by mutagenesis, size-exclusion chromatography and cross-linking assays. Unlike the classical dimerization mode, the interface of the CagV dimer is principally formed by several hydrogen bonds, which indicates instability of dimerization. The structure here demonstrates the difference in dimerization among VirB8 homologues and indicates the considerable compositional and functional diversity of them in T4SS. DATABASE: Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes 6IQT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhe Zhao
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - QianChao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Yu M, Wang X, Ling F, Wang H, Zhang P, Shao S. Atractylodes lancea volatile oils attenuated helicobacter pylori NCTC11637 growth and biofilm. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103641. [PMID: 31330262 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea is a traditional Chinese perennial herb, which has been used for treating gastrointestinal diseases in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Atractylodes lancea volatile oils on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Firstly, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the volatile oils against H. pylori were determined using broth dilution method. SPSS17.0 was used to account 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50). Moreover, the anti-biofilm activity of the volatile oils was determined by crystal violet measurement and fluorescence microscope. Finally, gastric epithelial cells (GES-1 cells) were co-incubated with H. pylori with or without volatile oils treated. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the translocation of virulence factor Cag A. We found that Atractylodes lancea volatile oils inhibited the growth of H. pylori in a concentration dependent manner. The MIC and IC50 of volatile oils against H. pylori were 7.5 mg/mL and 2.181 mg/mL respectively. Fluorescence microscopy and crystal violet measurement indicated that volatile oils at sub-MIC concentration could reduce biofilm formation of H. pylori. In addition, volatile oils decreased the translocation of Cag A and reduced inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in GES-1 cells. Our results suggested that Atractylodes lancea volatile oils could be a potential compound of a novel class of H. pylori inhibitors with anti-H. pylori effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Shihe Shao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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6
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Kumari R, Shariq M, Sharma S, Kumar A, Mukhopadhyay G. CagW, a VirB6 homologue interacts with Cag-type IV secretion system substrate CagA in Helicobacter pylori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:712-718. [PMID: 31182283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein translocating Cag type IV secretion system of Helicobacter pylori is a diverse multi-protein complex. Here, we have characterized one of its key subunit CagW to identify its interacting partners. Our results demonstrate for the first time that this VirB6 homologue interacts with the substrate of the secretion system CagA. CagW forms multimer and its absence affects cellular levels of pilus forming components, CagL, CagI and CagH. Our results support the notion that the protein is essential for the transport of CagA across the bacterial membrane barrier and would aid in improving our understanding of structural and functional aspects of the inner membrane part of Cag-T4SS channel complex for the passage of substrate CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumari
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gauranga Mukhopadhyay
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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7
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Yuan XY, Wang Y, Wang MY. The type IV secretion system in Helicobacter pylori. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1041-1054. [PMID: 29927340 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has an essential role in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. The severity of the host inflammatory responses against the bacteria have been straightly associated with a special bacterial virulence factor, the cag pathogenicity island, which is a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to deliver CagA into the host cells. Besides cag-T4SS, the chromosomes of H. pylori can encode another three T4SSs, including comB, tfs3 and tfs4. In this review, we systematically reviewed the four T4SSs of H. pylori and explored their roles in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases. The information summarized in this review might provide valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanism for H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yuan
- Department of Central Lab, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Central Lab, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, PR China
| | - Ming-Yi Wang
- Department of Central Lab, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, PR China
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8
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Backert S, Haas R, Gerhard M, Naumann M. The Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System Encoded by the cag Pathogenicity Island: Architecture, Function, and Signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75241-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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