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Qin XY, Furutani Y, Yonezawa K, Shimizu N, Kato-Murayama M, Shirouzu M, Xu Y, Yamano Y, Wada A, Gailhouste L, Shrestha R, Takahashi M, Keillor JW, Su T, Yu W, Fujii S, Kagechika H, Dohmae N, Shirakami Y, Shimizu M, Masaki T, Matsuura T, Suzuki H, Kojima S. Targeting transglutaminase 2 mediated exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 signaling in liver cancer stem cells with acyclic retinoid. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:358. [PMID: 37308486 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that promotes or suppresses tumorigenesis, depending on intracellular location and conformational structure. Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is an orally administered vitamin A derivative that prevents hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence by targeting liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we examined the subcellular location-dependent effects of ACR on TG2 activity at a structural level and characterized the functional role of TG2 and its downstream molecular mechanism in the selective depletion of liver CSCs. A binding assay with high-performance magnetic nanobeads and structural dynamic analysis with native gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography-coupled multi-angle light scattering or small-angle X-ray scattering showed that ACR binds directly to TG2, induces oligomer formation of TG2, and inhibits the transamidase activity of cytoplasmic TG2 in HCC cells. The loss-of-function of TG2 suppressed the expression of stemness-related genes, spheroid proliferation and selectively induced cell death in an EpCAM+ liver CSC subpopulation in HCC cells. Proteome analysis revealed that TG2 inhibition suppressed the gene and protein expression of exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1) and heparan sulfate biosynthesis in HCC cells. In contrast, high levels of ACR increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations along with an increase in apoptotic cells, which probably contributed to the enhanced transamidase activity of nuclear TG2. This study demonstrates that ACR could act as a novel TG2 inhibitor; TG2-mediated EXT1 signaling is a promising therapeutic target in the prevention of HCC by disrupting liver CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Qin
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Furutani
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Yonezawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kato-Murayama
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yali Xu
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory for Brain Development and Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rajan Shrestha
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Masataka Takahashi
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Su
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Biliary Metabolome Profiling for Evaluation of Liver Metabolism and Biliary Tract Function Related to Organ Preservation Method and Degree of Ischemia in a Porcine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032127. [PMID: 36768452 PMCID: PMC9916698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of surgical techniques, immunosuppressive strategies and new organ preservation methods have meant that transplant centers have to face the problem of an insufficient number of organs for transplantation concerning the constantly growing demand. Therefore, using organs from expanded criteria donors and developing new analytical solutions to find parameters or compounds that would allow a more efficient assessment of organ quality before transplantation are options for meeting this challenge. This study proposed bile metabolomic analysis to evaluate liver metabolism and biliary tract function depending on the organ preservation method and degree of warm ischemia time. The analyses were performed on solid-phase microextraction-prepared bile samples from porcine model donors with mild (heart beating donor [HBD]) and moderate warm ischemia (donation after circulatory death [DCD]) grafts subjected to static cold storage (SCS) or normothermic ex vivo liver perfusion (NEVLP) before transplantation. Bile produced in the SCS-preserved livers was characterized by increased levels of metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid, arachidonic acid and 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid, as well as saturated and monounsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC). Such changes may be associated with differences in the bile acid synthesis pathways and organ inflammation. Moreover, it has been shown that NEVLP reduced the negative effect of ischemia on organ function. A linear relationship was observed between levels of lipids from the LPC group and the time of organ ischemia. This study identified metabolites worth considering as potential markers of changes occurring in preserved grafts.
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Chen L, Zhao Q, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. Effects of oxidative stress caused by iron overload on arachidonic acid metabolites in MES23.5 cells. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Huang M, Zhang X, Yan W, Liu J, Wang H. Metabolomics reveals potential plateau adaptability by regulating
inflammatory response and oxidative stress-related metabolism and energy
metabolism pathways in yak. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 64:97-109. [PMID: 35174345 PMCID: PMC8819316 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Species are facing strong selection pressures to adapt to inhospitable
high-altitude environments. Yaks are a valuable species and an iconic symbol of
the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Extensive studies of high-altitude adaptation have
been conducted, but few have focused on metabolism. In the present study, we
determined the differences in the serum metabolomics between yaks and the
closely related species of low-altitude yellow cattle and dairy cows. We
generated high-quality metabolite profiling data for 36 samples derived from the
three species, and a clear separation trend was obtained between yaks and the
other animals from principal component analysis. In addition, we identified a
total of 63 differentially expressed metabolites among the three species.
Functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed metabolites were
related to the innate immune activation, oxidative stress-related metabolism,
and energy metabolism in yaks, which indicates the important roles of
metabolites in high-altitude adaptation in yaks. The results provide new
insights into the mechanism of adaptation or acclimatization to high-altitude
environments in yaks and hypoxia-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhou Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of
Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical
University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Agricultural and Rural Integrated Service
Center of Dachaigou Town, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County,
Gansu 733202, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public
Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
- Corresponding author: Hui Wang, Department of
Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China.
Tel: +86-13919330832, E-mail:
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Transglutaminase 2 as a Marker for Inflammation and Therapeutic Target in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041897. [PMID: 33672962 PMCID: PMC7918628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis results in lethal organ malfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection, which is a condition with increasing prevalence worldwide. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a crosslinking enzyme that forms a covalent bond between lysine and glutamine. TG2 plays important roles in diverse cellular processes, including extracellular matrix stabilization, cytoskeletal function, cell motility, adhesion, signal transduction, apoptosis, and cell survival. We have shown that the co-culture of Candida albicans and hepatocytes activates and induces the translocation of TG2 into the nucleus. In addition, the expression and activation of TG2 in liver macrophages was dramatically induced in the lipopolysaccharide-injected and cecal ligation puncture-operated mouse models of sepsis. Based on these findings and recently published research, we have reviewed the current understanding of the relationship between TG2 and sepsis. Following the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TG2, we also assessed the evidence regarding the use of TG2 as a potential marker and therapeutic target in inflammation and sepsis.
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Zhang Y, Yu H, Fu S, Tan L, Liu J, Zhou B, Li L, Liu Y, Wang C, Li P, Liu J. Synthesis and Anti-Hepatocarcinoma Effect of Amino Acid Derivatives of Pyxinol and Ocotillol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040780. [PMID: 33546225 PMCID: PMC7913291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at seeking an effective anti-hepatocarcinoma drug with low toxicity, a total of 24 amino acid derivatives (20 new along with 4 known derivatives) of two active ocotillol-type sapogenins (pyxinol and ocotillol) were synthesized. Both in vitro and in vivo anti-hepatocarcinoma effects of derivatives were evaluated. At first, the HepG2 human cancer cell was employed to evaluate the anti-cancer activity. Most of the derivatives showed obvious enhanced activity compared with pyxinol or ocotillol. Among them, compound 2e displayed the most excellent activity with an IC50 value of 11.26 ± 0.43 µM. Next, H22 hepatoma-bearing mice were used to further evaluate the anti-liver cancer activity of compound 2e. It was revealed that the growth of H22 transplanted tumor was significantly inhibited when treated with compound 2e or compound 2e combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), and the inhibition rates of tumor growth were 35.32% and 55.30%, respectively. More importantly, compound 2e caused limited damage to liver and kidney in contrast with CTX causing significant toxicity. Finally, the latent mechanism of compound 2e was explored by serum and liver metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) technology. A total of 21 potential metabolites involved in 8 pathways were identified. These results suggest that compound 2e is a promising agent for anti-hepato-carcinoma, and that it also could be used in combination with CTX to increase efficiency and to reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Shuzheng Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Luying Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Junli Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Baisong Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Le Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Yunhe Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.F.); (L.T.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (P.L.)
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence:
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Su T, Qin XY, Furutani Y, Yu W, Kojima S. Imaging of the ex vivo transglutaminase activity in liver macrophages of sepsis mice. Anal Biochem 2020; 597:113654. [PMID: 32142762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients and is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection and multiple organ failure, including the liver. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that exhibits transamidase, GTPase, and integrin-binding activities and has opposing roles in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. TG2 plays both pathogenic and protective roles in liver diseases, revealing the need to examine the activities of TG2. Here, we introduced an ex vivo imaging approach to examine the in vivo transamidase activity of TG2 based on the combination of intraperitoneal injection of 5-biotinamidopentylamine (5BAPA), a biotinylated substrate for TG2, and fluorescent streptavidin staining in frozen liver sections. Increased 5BAPA signals was observed in the livers of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mice. Pharmacological inhibition of TG2 activity ameliorated LPS-induced liver injury. 5BAPA signals were observed in TG2-expressing and F4/80-positive midzonal macrophages, providing direct evidence that activated macrophages are the major cellular source of active TG2 in the livers of sepsis mice. Further studies focusing on the activation of 5BAPA-stained midzonal macrophages may improve understanding of the molecular pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China; Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xian-Yang Qin
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Furutani
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Qin XY, Su T, Kojima S. Prevention of arachidonic acid-induced liver injury by controlling oxidative stress-mediated transglutaminase activation with garlic extracts. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1522-1527. [PMID: 32010333 PMCID: PMC6966192 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic and its sulfur constituents have numerous biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anticancer, antidiabetic and cardioprotective effects. Fatty liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and continual liver damage, has attracted much attention, and it is believed that it will become the leading etiology of liver cancer. We have previously reported that the growth-suppressive effects of arachidonic acid (AA), an unsaturated fatty acid known to be a pro-inflammatory precursor, is accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species followed by the nuclear accumulation and activation of the protein crosslinking enzyme, transglutaminase (TG)2. In this study, we examined the potential role of garlic extracts in preventing the growth-suppressive effects of AA on human hepatic cells. We also aimed to provide a mechanistic insight regarding the association between the hepatoprotective effects of garlic extract and the inhibition of the TG-related crosslinking of nuclear proteins, which is not associated with hepatic lipid partitioning mediated by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. Given the critical roles of unsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of cancer cell stemness and immune surveillance in the context of chronic injury, we propose that garlic extracts may serve as a therapeutic option for the prevention of chronic liver injury and inflammation, as well as for the prevention of the carcinogenesis of fatty livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Qin
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ting Su
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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