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Serioli S, Agostini L, Pietrantoni A, Valeri F, Costanza F, Chiloiro S, Buffoli B, Piazza A, Poliani PL, Peris-Celda M, Iavarone F, Gaudino S, Gessi M, Schinzari G, Mattogno PP, Giampietro A, De Marinis L, Pontecorvi A, Fontanella MM, Lauretti L, Rindi G, Olivi A, Bianchi A, Doglietto F. Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15719. [PMID: 37958702 PMCID: PMC10650665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have allowed a more thorough understanding of tumorigenesis in aggressive PitNETs (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors) through the identification of specific essential genes, crucial molecular pathways, regulators, and effects of the tumoral microenvironment. Target therapies have been developed to cure oncology patients refractory to traditional treatments, introducing the concept of precision medicine. Preliminary data on PitNETs are derived from preclinical studies conducted on cell cultures, animal models, and a few case reports or small case series. This study comprehensively reviews the principal pathways involved in aggressive PitNETs, describing the potential target therapies. A search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English papers published between 1 January 2004, and 15 June 2023. 254 were selected, and the topics related to aggressive PitNETs were recorded and discussed in detail: epigenetic aspects, membrane proteins and receptors, metalloprotease, molecular pathways, PPRK, and the immune microenvironment. A comprehensive comprehension of the molecular mechanisms linked to PitNETs' aggressiveness and invasiveness is crucial. Despite promising preliminary findings, additional research and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the indications and effectiveness of target therapies for PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serioli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Agostini
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Federico Valeri
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flavia Costanza
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Chiloiro
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Amedeo Piazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Division, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Peris-Celda
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario IRCCS “A. Gemelli”, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudino
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Institute of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gessi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Mattogno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Giampietro
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura De Marinis
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Rindi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Doglietto
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Zhang Z, Schäfer A, Voellger B, Wang JW, Lei T, Nimsky C, Bartsch JW. MicroRNA-149 Regulates Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Targeting ADAM12 and MMP14. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:1131-1139. [PMID: 36542326 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pituitary adenomas (PAs) can adapt an aggressive phenotype by invading adjacent brain structures with rapid cellular proliferation. Previous studies demonstrated that excessive expression of metalloproteases ADAM12 and MMP-14 is instrumental for the active proliferation and invasiveness of PA cells in vitro and of tumors in vivo. However, the mechanisms regulating ADAM12 and MMP-14 expression in PAs remain unclear. METHODS Target gene prediction and transcriptomic profiling of invasive vs. noninvasive human PA samples were performed to identify miRNA species potentially involved in the regulation of ADAM12 and MMP14. For cellular analyses of miRNA functions, two mouse PA cell lines (AtT20 and TtT/GF) were transfected with miR-149-3p and miR-149-5p, respectively. The effects of miR-149 (3p and 5p) on expression levels of ADAM12 and MMP14 were determined by Western blotting followed by an analysis of proliferation and colony formation assays, scratch migration assays, and invasion assays. RESULTS A significant downregulation of miRNA-149 was observed in invasive vs. noninvasive PA (0.32 vs. 0.09, P<0.0001). In AtT-20 and TtT/GF mouse PAs cells, transfection of mimic miRNA-149 (3p and 5p) caused a significantly reduced cell proliferation and matrigel invasion, whilst the effect on cell migration was less pronounced. Both strands of miRNA-149 (3p and 5p) markedly reduced protein levels of ADAM12 and MMP-14 by at least 40% in both cell lines. CONCLUSION This study proved that the invasiveness of PA cells is, at least partly, regulated by miRNA-149-dependent expression of ADAM12 and MMP-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany
| | - Agnes Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany
| | - Benjamin Voellger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany
| | - Jun-Wen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, Marburg, 35032, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, 35033, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, Marburg, 35032, Germany.
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Cloud AS, Vargheese AM, Gunewardena S, Shimak RM, Ganeshkumar S, Kumaraswamy E, Jensen RA, Chennathukuzhi VM. Loss of REST in breast cancer promotes tumor progression through estrogen sensitization, MMP24 and CEMIP overexpression. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:180. [PMID: 35177031 PMCID: PMC8851790 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and is both pathologically and genetically heterogeneous, making early detection and treatment difficult. A subset of breast cancers express normal levels of REST (repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor) mRNA but lack functional REST protein. Loss of REST function is seen in ~ 20% of breast cancers and is associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Despite the frequent loss of REST, little is known about the role of REST in the molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer. METHODS TCGA data was analyzed for the expression of REST target genes in breast cancer patient samples. We then utilized gene knockdown in MCF-7 cells in the presence or absence of steroid hormones estrogen and/ progesterone followed by RNA sequencing, as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation and PCR in an attempt to understand the tumor suppressor role of REST in breast cancer. RESULTS We show that REST directly regulates CEMIP (cell migration-inducing and hyaluronan-binding protein, KIAA1199) and MMP24 (matrix metallopeptidase 24), genes known to have roles in invasion and metastasis. REST knockdown in breast cancer cells leads to significant upregulation of CEMIP and MMP24. In addition, we found REST binds to RE-1 sites (repressor element-1) within the genes and influences their transcription. Furthermore, we found that the estrogen receptor (ESR1) signaling pathway is activated in the absence of REST, regardless of hormone treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a critical role for the loss of REST in aggressive breast cancer pathogenesis and provide evidence for REST as an important diagnostic marker for personalized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Cloud
- grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Aditya M. Vargheese
- grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.468219.00000 0004 0408 2680The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Raeann M. Shimak
- grid.468219.00000 0004 0408 2680The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Sornakala Ganeshkumar
- grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Easwari Kumaraswamy
- grid.468219.00000 0004 0408 2680The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Roy A. Jensen
- grid.468219.00000 0004 0408 2680The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA ,grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Vargheese M. Chennathukuzhi
- grid.412016.00000 0001 2177 6375Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA ,grid.468219.00000 0004 0408 2680The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS USA
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Voellger B, Zhang Z, Benzel J, Wang J, Lei T, Nimsky C, Bartsch JW. Targeting Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas at the Molecular Level-A Review. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010124. [PMID: 35011868 PMCID: PMC8745122 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are mostly benign endocrine tumors that can be treated by resection or medication. However, up to 10% of PAs show an aggressive behavior with invasion of adjacent tissue, rapid proliferation, or recurrence. Here, we provide an overview of target structures in aggressive PAs and summarize current clinical trials including, but not limited to, PAs. Mainly, drug targets in PAs are based on general features of tumor cells such as immune checkpoints, so that programmed cell death 1 (ligand 1) (PD-1/PD-L1) targeting may bear potential to cure aggressive PAs. In addition, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and their downstream pathways are triggered in PAs, thereby modulating tumor cell proliferation, migration and/or tumor angiogenesis. Temozolomide (TMZ) can be an effective treatment of aggressive PAs. Combination of TMZ with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or with radiotherapy could strengthen the therapeutic effects as compared to TMZ alone. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the first line treatment for prolactinomas. Dopamine receptors are also expressed in other subtypes of PAs which renders DAs potentially suitable to treat other subtypes of PAs. Furthermore, targeting the invasive behavior of PAs could improve therapy. In this regard, human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family members and estrogens receptors (ERs) are highly expressed in aggressive PAs, and numerous studies demonstrated the role of these proteins to modulate invasiveness of PAs. This leaves a number of treatment options for aggressive PAs as reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Voellger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6421-58-66447
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Julia Benzel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
| | - Jörg-Walter Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
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Khaldi S, Saad G, Elfekih H, Ben Abdelkrim A, Ach T, Kacem M, Chaieb M, Maaroufi A, Hasni Y, Ach K. Pituitary apoplexy of a giant prolactinoma during pregnancy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:863-866. [PMID: 34124989 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1938527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS Prolactinomas are a common cause of sexual dysfunction and infertility. We aimed, through this case report, to illustrate the difficulties of management of women with giant prolactinoma, especially in cases of desire of pregnancy. RESULTS A 30-year-old woman was referred to our department for secondary amenorrhea. Investigations showed a prolactin level of 5168 ng/mL and giant pituitary adenoma of 4 cm in diameter. Cytoreductive surgery was performed after failure to normalize prolactin levels during three years with medical treatment by cabergoline. After seven months, menstrual cycles have resumed, and after 13 months, the patient became pregnant. At 22nd week of gestation, she was admitted in our hospital for pituitary apoplexy. Medical treatment with bromocriptine was chosen. The vaginal premature delivery at 28 weeks gave birth to twins weighing 1 Kg each who died on the 7th day of life. CONCLUSION This is a relevant clinical case that illustrates the efficacy of cytoreductive surgery in case of insufficient response to dopamine agonists to restore gonadal function. The possibility of a pregnancy should be considered in these patients since it can be associated with high maternal and fetal risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Khaldi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Saad
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Elfekih
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ben Abdelkrim
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Taieb Ach
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Maha Kacem
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Molka Chaieb
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amel Maaroufi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Hasni
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Koussay Ach
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Cao H, Han F, Zhang H, Xu E. Methylation status of ADAM12 promoter are associated with its expression levels in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 221:153449. [PMID: 33930608 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a kind of malignant tumor of digestive system severely affecting human health. The occurrence of CRC is a polygenic and multi-step complex process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations. ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteases 12), is a gene that was commonly hypermethylated in esophageal cancer using whole-genome methylation microarray in our previous study. METHODS We detected the methylation frequencies of the CpG island in ADAM12 promoter using bisulfite-pyrosequencing in CRC cell lines and tissue samples. The expression of ADAM12 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A systematic and comprehensive analysis of relationship of DNA hypermethylation and ADAM12 expression in CRC was performed in our samples and TCGA database. RESULTS The expression of ADAM12 in hypermethylated cell lines was significantly lower than that in hypomethylated cell lines, and demethylation agent 5-Aza-dC could demethylate ADAM12 promoter region and reactivate ADAM12 expression effectively. In 74 pairs of colorectal cancer and normal tissues, bisulfite-pyrosequencing results showed significantly hypermethylation of ADAM12 in CRC compared with adjacent normal mucosa, accompanied with lower expression of ADAM12 in CRC tissues compared to that of the normal tissues. In addition, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between ADAM12 protein expression and methylation levels (rho =-0.28, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Promoter hypermethylation was probably a mechanism of ADAM12 epigenetic silencing in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Cheng Du Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Fengyan Han
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Enping Xu
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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