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Liew F, Efstathiou C, Fontanella S, Richardson M, Saunders R, Swieboda D, Sidhu JK, Ascough S, Moore SC, Mohamed N, Nunag J, King C, Leavy OC, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Greening NJ, Lone NI, Thorpe M, Thompson AAR, Rowland-Jones SL, Docherty AB, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Raman B, Poinasamy K, Marks M, Kon OM, Howard LS, Wootton DG, Quint JK, de Silva TI, Ho A, Chiu C, Harrison EM, Greenhalf W, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Turtle L, Evans RA, Wain LV, Brightling C, Thwaites RS, Openshaw PJM. Large-scale phenotyping of patients with long COVID post-hospitalization reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:607-621. [PMID: 38589621 PMCID: PMC11003868 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
One in ten severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long coronavirus disease (COVID), yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood1. Here we profiled 368 plasma proteins in 657 participants ≥3 months following hospitalization. Of these, 426 had at least one long COVID symptom and 233 had fully recovered. Elevated markers of myeloid inflammation and complement activation were associated with long COVID. IL-1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 were associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue and anxiety/depression; MATN2, CSF3 and C1QA were elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms and C1QA was elevated in cognitive impairment. Additional markers of alterations in nerve tissue repair (SPON-1 and NFASC) were elevated in those with cognitive impairment and SCG3, suggestive of brain-gut axis disturbance, was elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was persistently elevated in some individuals with long COVID, but virus was not detected in sputum. Analysis of inflammatory markers in nasal fluids showed no association with symptoms. Our study aimed to understand inflammatory processes that underlie long COVID and was not designed for biomarker discovery. Our findings suggest that specific inflammatory pathways related to tissue damage are implicated in subtypes of long COVID, which might be targeted in future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Liew
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sara Fontanella
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Richardson
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ruth Saunders
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dawid Swieboda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jasmin K Sidhu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Ascough
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shona C Moore
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Noura Mohamed
- The Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jose Nunag
- Cardiovascular Research Team, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Clara King
- Cardiovascular Research Team, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Olivia C Leavy
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Omer Elneima
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hamish J C McAuley
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aarti Shikotra
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Marco Sereno
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria C Harris
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Linzy Houchen-Wolloff
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nazir I Lone
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew Thorpe
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A A Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah L Rowland-Jones
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Annemarie B Docherty
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Horsley
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Betty Raman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael Marks
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Onn Min Kon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel G Wootton
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer K Quint
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Antonia Ho
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ewen M Harrison
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Pandemic Science Hub, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- The Pandemic Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lance Turtle
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- The Pandemic Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachael A Evans
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Abdel-Razek EAN, Mahmoud HM, Azouz AA. Management of ulcerative colitis by dichloroacetate: Impact on NFATC1/NLRP3/IL1B signaling based on bioinformatics analysis combined with in vivo experimental verification. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:667-682. [PMID: 37902927 PMCID: PMC10907436 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis (UC) could be relieved by the conventional immunomodulatory agents; 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, or azathioprine. However, the low remission rates and the intolerance to these agents necessitate investigation of gene expression signature in UC that could influence the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, as well as the interference with persistence genes by novel therapeutic option. Three microarray datasets (GSE66407, GSE38713 and GSE14580) from the NCBI-GEO database were utilized. Differentially expressed genes between samples of patients with UC and healthy ones were analyzed using R software. In addition, in vivo study using oxazolone-induced UC in BALB/c mice was carried out to investigate the proposed therapeutic efficacy of dichloroacetate (DCA). The bioinformatics analysis revealed the persistence of NLRP3, NFATC1, and IL1B in UC despite treatment with common therapeutic agents. DCA administration to oxazolone-treated mice showed remarkable interference with those persistence genes. Western blotting analysis for NLRP3, NFATC1, nuclear/total NF-κB, and cleaved caspase-1 revealed the ability of DCA to reduce the expression levels of these proteins in oxazolone-treated mice. Additionally, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-13 were reduced in colonic tissue by DCA treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of DCA was further confirmed by the apparent reduction in histopathological scoring, disease activity index, and the normalization of colon length. Therefore, DCA could be suggested as a novel and promising therapeutic option in UC based on its ability to interfere with the persistence of NFATC1/NLRP3/IL1B signaling. That merits further safety/toxicological pre-clinical assessment and update of bioavailability/metabolism data prior to clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba M Mahmoud
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Amany A Azouz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
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Ding H, Xu H, Zhang T, Shi C. Identification and validation of M2 macrophage-related genes in endometriosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22258. [PMID: 38058639 PMCID: PMC10695979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims M2 macrophage is believed to play an important role in the development of endometriosis. This study aimed to identify several key genes related to the M2 macrophage in endometriosis. Method Differential expressed genes between endometriosis and non-endometriosis were identified based on three microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene modules significantly associated with M2 macrophage were identified from the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Furthermore, by intersecting the differential expressed genes and M2 macrophage-associated module genes, M2 macrophage-related genes in endometriosis were identified. Functional analyses of the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for these genes were then performed. Following, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest, and receiver operating characteristic curves were further conducted to identify the key M2 macrophage-related genes in endometriosis. Finally, the expressions of key genes in endometriosis, as well as their correlations with M2 macrophages were verified in an independent validation cohort. Results Totally, 185 M2 macrophage-related genes were identified, and they were mainly enriched in functions associated with the cell cycle, oocyte maturation, and immune response. Following machine learning algorithms, eight key genes were selected in the endometriosis: PGR, OLFM4, PIP5K1B, CCNA1, BRIP1, CADM1, PRAME, and GCNT1. The eight key genes were confirmed to be negative with M2 macrophage infiltration levels. Furthermore, the expression levels of these genes were significantly lower in the middle secretory stage while relevantly higher in the proliferative stage. The validation analysis also showed similar outcomes with the above results. Conclusion Eight M2 macrophage-related genes were identified as potential biomarkers of endometriosis, providing novel understanding of immune cells in the endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China
| | - Hongge Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China
| | - Can Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China
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Bian X, Xue H, Jing D, Wang Y, Zhou G, Zhu F. Role of Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1) in Immune and Inflammatory Diseases. Inflammation 2023; 46:1612-1625. [PMID: 37353719 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase gene family, is primarily regulated by serum and glucocorticoids. SGK1 is involved in the development of tumors and fibrotic diseases. However, relatively little research has been conducted on their role in immune and inflammatory diseases. SGK1 may act as a pivotal immune regulatory gene by modulating immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils) and functions and is involved in the pathogenesis of some immune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergic diseases, sepsis, and major depressive disorder. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research focusing on the immune and inflammatory regulatory roles of SGK1 and provide new insights into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for immune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Bian
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Honglu Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Dehuai Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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Caliendo G, D'Elia G, Makker J, Passariello L, Albanese L, Molinari AM, Vietri MT. Biological, genetic and epigenetic markers in ulcerative colitis. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:386-395. [PMID: 37813048 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have summarized the existing knowledge of ulcerative colitis (UC) markers based on current literature, specifically, the roles of potential new biomarkers, such as circulating, fecal, genetic, and epigenetic alterations, in UC onset, disease activity, and in therapy response. UC is a complex multifactorial inflammatory disease. There are many invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods in UC, including several laboratory markers which are employed in diagnosis and disease assessment; however, colonoscopy remains the most widely used method. Common laboratory abnormalities currently used in the clinical practice include inflammation-induced alterations, serum autoantibodies, and antibodies against bacterial antigens. Other new serum and fecal biomarkers are supportive in diagnosis and monitoring disease activity and therapy response; and potential salivary markers are currently being evaluated as well. Several UC-related genetic and epigenetic alterations are implied in its pathogenesis and therapeutic response. Moreover, the use of artificial intelligence in the integration of laboratory biomarkers and big data could potentially be useful in clinical translation and precision medicine in UC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Caliendo
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Elia
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Jasmine Makker
- Department of GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luana Passariello
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Albanese
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Laurindo LF, Direito R, Bueno Otoboni AMM, Goulart RA, Quesada K, Barbalho SM. Grape Processing Waste: Effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2168281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Direito
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program (Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation), UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, FATEC, Avenida Castro Alves, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program (Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation), UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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