1
|
Inoue R, Naota T, Ehara M. Origin of the Aggregation-Induced Phosphorescence of Platinum(II) Complexes: The Role of Metal-Metal Interactions on Emission Decay in the Crystalline State. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3129-3140. [PMID: 34476913 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Discerning the origins of the phosphorescent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) from Pt(II) complexes is crucial for developing the broader range of photo-functional materials. Over the past few decades, several mechanisms of phosphorescent AIE have been proposed, however, not have been directly elucidated. Herein, we describe phosphorescence and deactivation processes of four class of AIE active Pt(II) complexes in the crystalline state based on experimental and theoretical investigation. These complexes show metal-to-ligand and/or metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer emission in crystalline state with different heat resistance against thermal emission quenching. The calculated energy profiles including the minimum energy crossing point between S0 and T1 states were consistent with the heat resistant properties, which provided the mechanism for AIE expression. Furthermore, we have clarified the role of metal-metal interaction in AIE by comparing two computational models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science and Research Center for Computational Science, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodai-ji, 444-8585, Okazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bigot B. Theoretical Study on the Origin of the Behavior of Ketones and Thiones in Hydrogen Photoabstraction Reactions. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
3
|
Carroll FA, Hammond GS. Mechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Solution. LXXIV. The Photochemistry of 3-Methyl-1-Phenoxybut-2-Ene.,. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.197200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
4
|
Komiya N, Itami N, Naota T. Solid-state phosphorescence of trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) complexes bearing long alkyl chains: morphology control towards intense emission. Chemistry 2013; 19:9497-505. [PMID: 23780879 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Morphology control for intense solid-state phosphorescence of non-emissive, but potentially emissive crystals of platinum complexes and the mechanistic rationale are described. A series of trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) complexes bearing linear alkyl chains (1a: n=5; 1b: n=8; 1c: n=12; 1d: n=14; 1e: n=16; 1f: n=18) was synthesized and the solid-state emission properties were examined by using crystals/aggregates prepared under various precipitation conditions. Crystals of 1e, prepared using "kinetic" conditions including rapid cooling, high concentrations, and poor solvents, emit intensive yellow phosphorescence (λ(max)=545 nm) under UV irradiation at 298 K with an absolute quantum efficiency of 0.36, whereas all the crystals of 1a-1f prepared using "thermodynamic" conditions including slow cooling, low concentrations, and good solvents were either non- or less emissive with Φ(298K) values of 0.12 (1a), 0.11 (1b), 0.10 (1c), 0.07 (1d), 0.02 (1e), and 0.02 (1f) under the same measurement conditions. The amorphous solid 1e, prepared by rapid cooling and freeze-drying, was also non-emissive (Φ(298K)=0.02, 0.02). Temperature-dependent emission spectra showed that the kinetic crystals of 1e exhibit high heat-resistance towards emission decay with increasing temperature, whereas the amorphous solid 1e is entirely heat-quenchable. This is a rare example of the change from a non-emissive crystal into a highly emissive crystal by morphology control through crystal engineering. Emission spectra and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the emissive, kinetic crystals of 1e are clearly distinct from those of the less emissive, thermodynamic crystals of 1a-1f. Single-crystal XRD unequivocally establishes that the thermodynamic crystals of 1d have a multilayered lamellar structure supported by highly regulated, consecutive π-stacking interactions between imine moieties, whereas the kinetic crystals of 1e have a face-to-edge lamellar structure with less stacking. These results lead to the conclusion that 1) morphology control of long-chained complexes exclusively generates a metastable herringbone-based lamellar packing motif that exhibits intense emission and high heat-resistance, while 2) a thermodynamically stable, highly regulated, consecutive stacking motif is unfavorable for solid-state emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naruyoshi Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Komiya N, Okada M, Fukumoto K, Kaneta K, Yoshida A, Naota T. Vaultedtrans-Bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) Crystals: Heat-Resistant, Chromatically Sensitive Platforms for Solid-State Phosphorescence at Ambient Temperature. Chemistry 2013; 19:4798-811. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Görner H, Kuhn HJ. Cis-TransPhotoisomerization of Stilbenes and Stilbene-Like Molecules. ADVANCES IN PHOTOCHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470133507.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
8
|
Eberbach W, Würsch P, Prinzbach H. Photochemische Umwandlungen. XXXIV [1]. Photochemische Isomerisierung substituierter Benzonorbornadiene. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19700530543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
Heyerick A, Zhao Y, Sandra P, Huvaere K, Roelens F, De Keukeleire D. Photolysis of hop-derived trans-iso-alpha-acids and trans-tetrahydroiso-alpha-acids: product identification in relation to the lightstruck flavour of beer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:306-14. [PMID: 12713232 DOI: 10.1039/b210935b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis of hop-derived trans-iso-alpha-acids (2a-c; naturally occurring bitter compounds present in beer) and of trans-tetrahydroiso-alpha-acids (5a-c; semi-synthetic advanced hop products) was investigated at 300 nm in methanol. The complex photoreaction mixtures were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using diode array detection and the major photoreaction products were identified by HPLC-mass spectroscopy. The main part of the mixture consisted of compounds, which originated from recombination of radicals derived from Norrish Type I photocleavage of the acyloin moiety in both trans-iso-alpha-acids and trans-tetrahydroiso-alpha-acids. The results confirm the intermediacy of radicals that were previously identified by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance and they bear relevance to the formation of the lightstruck flavour that is generated when beer is exposed to light. Additionally, new photoproducts were found that are formed by photochemical reactions hitherto undiscovered in hop chemistry, including photoenolization of trans-isohumulone (2a) leading to trans-alloisohumulone (13a) and a retro oxa-di-pi-methane rearrangement in trans-isohumulone (2a) and trans-tetrahydroiso-alpha-acids to humulone (1a) and tetrahydro-alpha-acids (23a-b), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Heyerick
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pyridinyl and ketyl radicals of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate on micellar and liposomal surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Effect of micellar medium on photoannelation vs energy transfer in the system excited cyclohex-2-en-1-one-cyclopentadiene. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Samanta A, Fessenden RW. On the triplet lifetime and triplet-triplet absorption spectra of naphthaldehydes. Chem Phys Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(88)85233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Ariel S, Askari SH, Scheffer JR, Trotter J. Cyclopropanol formation via β-hydrogen atom abstraction: The five membered transition state analogue of the norrish type II reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Hydrogen-atom transfer reaction from triplet 2-naphthylammonium ion to ground-state aromatic ketones. Chem Phys Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(83)87040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
Scaiano J, Perkins M, Sheppard J, Platz M, Barcus R. Role of β-phenyl rings in the deactivation of aromatic ketone triplets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-2670(83)80016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
Steenken S, Sprague ED, Schulte-Frohlinde D. Photofragmentation of alpha-oxocarboxylic acids in aqueous solution. An EPR study. Formation of semidione radicals by decarboxylative substitution of alpha-oxocarboxylic acids by acyl radicals. I. Glyoxylic, pyruvic, alpha-oxobutyric, alpha-oxoglutaric and alpha-oxoisocaproic acids. Photochem Photobiol 1975; 22:19-27. [PMID: 171687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1975.tb06715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
20
|
Chapter 4 Oxidative Degradation of Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0069-8040(08)70336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
21
|
Souto MA, Wagner PJ, El-Sayed M. Magnetic and optical properties of the triplet states of para-methoxy- and para-thiomethoxyacetophenone. Chem Phys 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(74)85060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Dürr H, Herbst P, Heitkämper P, Leismann H. Photochemie kleiner Ringe, 30. Photochemie β, γ-ungesättigter Aldehyde. – Mechanismus der Photofragmentierung phenylsubstituierter Cyclopentencarbaldehyde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19741070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
23
|
Pailthorpe MT, Bonjour JP, Nicholls CH. The photolysis of tryptophan in the presence of oxygen. Photochem Photobiol 1973; 17:209-23. [PMID: 4693286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1973.tb06350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
24
|
|
25
|
|
26
|
|
27
|
Bergmark WR, Beckmann B, Lindenberger W. The mechanism of photoenolization: -methylvalerophenone. Tetrahedron Lett 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)96834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
28
|
The Photochemistry of Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
29
|
Pedersen L, Whitten D, McCall M. Excited states of N - heterocyclic molecules: nitrogen containing analogs of stilbene. Chem Phys Lett 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(69)85111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Structure and Mechanism in Carbene Chemistry. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)60265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|