Su R, Xie K, Liang Y, Houk KN, Liu F. Fluoro, Trifluoromethyl, and Trifluoroacetyl Substituent Effects on Cycloaddition Reactivities: Computations and Analysis.
J Org Chem 2023;
88:893-900. [PMID:
36583991 DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.2c02264]
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Abstract
The importance of fluoro and trifluoromethyl substituents in drug effectiveness prompted the computational exploration of fluorine-containing substituents in valuable synthetic cycloadditions. Diels-Alder or 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of typical reactants, cyclopentadiene, N-phenyldiazoacetamide, tetrazine, and N-phenylsydnone involving fluorine-containing substituents (F, CF3, and COCF3) were studied with M06-2X density functional theory. Inductive and conjugative effects influence normal and inverse electron-demand reactions differently. These results provide a guide to the design and use of cycloadditions for the introduction of fluoro and trifluoromethyl substituents in synthetic processes.
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