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Naeem A, Gupta N, Arzoo N, Naeem U, Khan MJ, Choudhry MU, Cui W, Albanese C. A Survey and Critical Evaluation of Isolation, Culture, and Cryopreservation Methods of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:655-673. [PMID: 35289707 PMCID: PMC8973348 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), derived from an epithelial cell layer of the human amniotic membrane, possess embryonic stem-like properties and are known to maintain multilineage differentiation potential. Unfortunately, an inability to expand hAECs without significantly compromising their stem cell potency has precluded their widespread use for regenerative therapies. This article critically evaluates the methods used for isolation, expansion, and cryopreservation of hAECs. We assessed the impact of these methods on ex-vivo expansion and stem cell phenotype of hAECs. Moreover, the progress and challenges to optimize clinically suitable culture conditions for an efficient ex-vivo expansion and storage of these cells are highlighted. Additionally, we also reviewed the currently used hAECs isolation and characterization methods employed in clinical trials. Despite the developments made in the last decade, significant challenges still exist to overcome limitations of ex-vivo expansion and retention of stemness of hAECs in both xenogeneic and xenofree culture conditions. Therefore, optimization and standardization of culture conditions for robust ex-vivo maintenance of hAECs without affecting tissue regenerative properties is an absolute requirement for their successful therapeutic manipulation. This review may help the researchers to optimize the methods that support ex-vivo survival, proliferation, and self-renewal properties of the hAECs.Abbreviations: AM: Human amniotic membrane; CM-HBSS: Ca++ and Mg++ free HBSS; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; DMEM-HG: DMEM-high glucose; EMEM: Eagle's Modified Essential Medium; EMT: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EpM: Epi-life complete media; ESC: Embryonic stem cells; ESCM: Epithelial cell surface markers; hAECs: Human amniotic epithelial cells; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; IM: Immunogenicity markers; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells; KOSR; KSR: Knockout serum replacement; KSI: Key success indicators; CHM: Cell heterogeneity markers; Nanog: NANOG homeobox; Oct-4: Octamer binding transcription factor 4; OR: Operation room; P: Passage; PM: Pluripotency markers; SCM: Stem cell markers for non-differentiated cells; Sox-2: Sry-related HMG box gene 2; SSEA-4: Stage-specific embryonic antigen; TRA: Tumor rejection antigen; UC: Ultra-culture; XF: Xenogeneic free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Health Research Governance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Qatar
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Natasha Arzoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usra Naeem
- Department of Health Professional Technology, University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing Facility, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Ménová P, Cahová H, Vrábel M, Hocek M. Synthesis of Base-Modified dNTPs Through Cross-Coupling Reactions and Their Polymerase Incorporation to DNA. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1973:39-57. [PMID: 31016695 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9216-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of base-modified dNTPs through the Suzuki or Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of halogenated dNTPs with boronic acids or alkynes is reported, as well as the use of these modified dNTPs in polymerase incorporations to oligonucleotides or DNA by primer extension or PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ménová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Cahová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrábel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ménová P, Dziuba D, Güixens-Gallardo P, Jurkiewicz P, Hof M, Hocek M. Fluorescence quenching in oligonucleotides containing 7-substituted 7-deazaguanine bases prepared by the nicking enzyme amplification reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:361-6. [PMID: 25599383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the use of the Nicking Enzyme Amplification Reaction (NEAR) for the enzymatic synthesis of short oligonucleotides (ONs) containing 5-substituted pyrimidine or 7-substituted 7-deazaadenine nucleotides. Since no oligonucleotide products were visible on agarose gels stained by an intercalating dye (GelRed), we assumed that the method did not work for 7-substituted 7-deazaguanine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. We revisited the work and found that the NEAR method works for 7-deazaguanine nucleotides as well but that the resulting modified ONs quench the fluorescence of DNA intercalators, rendering them invisible on gel electrophoresis stained by them. Here, we report on the modified methodology for the NEAR synthesis and analysis of G-modified ONs and on quantification of the fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ménová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ménová P, Raindlová V, Hocek M. Scope and limitations of the nicking enzyme amplification reaction for the synthesis of base-modified oligonucleotides and primers for PCR. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1081-93. [PMID: 23682869 DOI: 10.1021/bc400149q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of short (10-22 nt) base-modified oligonucleotides (ONs) was developed by nicking enzyme amplification reaction (NEAR) using Vent(exo-) polymerase, Nt.BstNBI nicking endonuclease, and a modified deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) derivative. The scope and limitations of the methodology in terms of different nucleobases, length, sequences, and modifications has been thoroughly studied. The methodology including isolation of the modified ONs was scaled up to nanomolar amounts and the modified ONs were successfully used as primers in primer extension and PCR. Two simple and efficient methods for fluorescent labeling of the PCR products were developed, based either on direct fluorescent labeling of primers or on NEAR synthesis of ethynylated primers, PCR, and final click labeling with fluorescent azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ménová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Perlíková P, Eberlin L, Ménová P, Raindlová V, Slavětínská L, Tloušťová E, Bahador G, Lee YJ, Hocek M. Synthesis and cytostatic and antiviral activities of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluororibo- and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibonucleosides derived from 7-(Het)aryl-7-deazaadenines. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:832-46. [PMID: 23559483 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of sugar-modified derivatives of cytostatic 7-heteroaryl-7-deazaadenosines (2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibo- and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluororibonucleosides) bearing an aryl or heteroaryl group at position 7 was prepared and screened for biological activity. The difluororibonucleosides were prepared by non- stereoselective glycosidation of 6-chloro-7-deazapurine with benzoyl-protected 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl-1-mesylate, followed by amination and aqueous Suzuki cross-couplings with (het)arylboronic acids. The fluororibo derivatives were prepared by aqueous palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of the corresponding 7-iodo-7-deazaadenine 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibonucleoside 20 with (het)arylboronic acids. The key intermediate 20 was prepared by a six-step sequence from the corresponding arabinonucleoside by selective protection of 3'- and 5'-hydroxy groups with acid-labile groups, followed by stereoselective SN 2 fluorination and deprotection. Some of the title nucleosides and 7-iodo-7-deazaadenine intermediates showed micromolar cytostatic or anti-HCV activity. The most active were 7-iodo and 7-ethynyl derivatives. The corresponding 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluororibonucleoside 5'-O-triphosphates were found to be good substrates for bacterial DNA polymerases, but are inhibitors of human polymerase α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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