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Zhou HY, Cao Y, Wu J, Zhang WS. Role of corneal collagen fibrils in corneal disorders and related pathological conditions. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:803-811. [PMID: 28546941 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a soft tissue located at the front of the eye with the principal function of transmitting and refracting light rays to precisely sense visual information. Corneal shape, refraction, and stromal stiffness are to a large part determined by corneal fibrils, the arrangements of which define the corneal cells and their functional behaviour. However, the modality and alignment of native corneal collagen lamellae are altered in various corneal pathological states such as infection, injury, keratoconus, corneal scar formation, and keratoprosthesis. Furthermore, corneal recuperation after corneal pathological change is dependent on the balance of corneal collagen degradation and contraction. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of corneal collagen is thus necessary to develop viable therapies using the outcome of strategies using engineered corneas. In this review, we discuss the composition and distribution of corneal collagens as well as their degradation and contraction, and address the current status of corneal tissue engineering and the progress of corneal cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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Biasin V, Wygrecka M, Marsh LM, Becker-Pauly C, Brcic L, Ghanim B, Klepetko W, Olschewski A, Kwapiszewska G. Meprin β contributes to collagen deposition in lung fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39969. [PMID: 28059112 PMCID: PMC5216360 DOI: 10.1038/srep39969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a severe disease characterized by epithelial cell injury, inflammation and collagen deposition. The metalloproteases meprinα and meprinβ have been shown to enhance collagen maturation and inflammatory cell infiltration via cleavage of cell-cell contact molecules; therefore we hypothesized that meprins could play a role in lung fibrosis. An exhaustive characterization of bleomycin-treated meprinα, meprinβ and the double meprinsαβ knock-out (KO) with respective wt-littermates was performed by using several different methods. We observed no difference in lung function parameters and no change in inflammatory cells infiltrating the lung between wt and all meprins KO mice after 14 days bleomycin. No difference in epithelial integrity as assessed by e-cadherin protein level was detected in bleomycin-treated lungs. However, morphological analysis in the bleomycin-treated mice revealed decrease collagen deposition and tissue density in meprinβ KO, but not in meprinα and meprinαβ KO mice. This finding was accompanied by localization of meprinβ to epithelial cells in regions with immature collagen in mice. Similarly, in human IPF lungs meprinβ was mostly localized in epithelium. These findings suggest that local environment triggers meprinβ expression to support collagen maturation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the in vivo relevance of meprinβ in collagen deposition in lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - M Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - L M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - C Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
| | - B Ghanim
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Klepetko
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
| | - A Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Chamberlain CS, Leiferman EM, Frisch KE, Wang S, Yang X, van Rooijen N, Brickson SL, Vanderby R, Vanderby R. The influence of macrophage depletion on ligament healing. Connect Tissue Res 2011; 52:203-11. [PMID: 21117894 PMCID: PMC3110150 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2010.511355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite a complex cascade of cellular events to reconstruct damaged extracellular matrix (ECM), ligament healing results in a mechanically inferior, scar-like tissue. During normal healing, the number of macrophages significantly increases within the wound site. Then, granulation tissue expands into any residual, normal ligamentous tissue (creeping substitution), resulting in a larger region of healing, greater mechanical compromise, and an inefficient repair process. To study the effects of macrophages on the repair process, bilateral, surgical rupture of their medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) was done on rats. Treatment animals received liposome-encapsulated clodronate, 2 days before rupture to ablate phagocytosing macrophages. Ligaments were then collected at days 5, 11, and 28 for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or mechanical testing. Clodronate treatment reduced both the M1 and M2 macrophages at day 5 and altered early healing. However, the macrophages effectively returned to control levels after day 5 and reinitiated a wound-healing response. Our results suggest that an early macrophage response, which is necessary for debridement of damaged tissue in the wound, is also important for cytokine release to mediate normal repair processes. Additionally, nonspecific inhibition of macrophages (without regard to specific macrophage populations) can control excessive granulation tissue formation but is detrimental to early matrix formation and ligament strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie S. Chamberlain
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Ellen M. Leiferman
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Kayt E. Frisch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Sijian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Xipei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stacey L Brickson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Lavalaye J, Grutters JC, van de Garde EMW, van Buul MMC, van den Bosch JMM, Windhorst AD, Verzijlbergen FJ. Imaging of fibrogenesis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with cis-4-[(18)F]-Fluoro-L: -proline PET. Mol Imaging Biol 2008; 11:123-7. [PMID: 18665424 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-008-0164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease for which no single diagnostic modality is able to evaluate the activity of the disease process. Cis-4-(18)F-fluoro-L: -proline ((18)F-proline) was shown in animal studies to be a reliable marker for fibrosis formation. We tested this candidate radioligand for imaging of fibrogenesis in patients with IPF. METHODS Five patients with IPF proven by lung biopsy and computed tomography were included. Furthermore, we also included one patient with non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and scleroderma and one with NSIP and organising pneumonia. Positron emission tomography (PET) acquisition was performed 1, 2 and 3h after injection of 400MBq (18)F-proline. We scored (18)F-proline activity visually and quantitatively by calculating the activity in the regions of interest over lung, liver and mediastinum. RESULTS We found low uptake of (18)F-proline in the lungs of all patients with IPF. The highest uptake was seen at 2h post-injection, with a decline at 3h past injection. The differences in lung uptake between patients were small, except for one patient with NSIP and organising pneumonia who had a slightly higher (18)F-proline uptake. No significant correlations between (18)F-proline uptake and clinical parameters were found. CONCLUSIONS Due to the low pulmonary uptake of (18)F-proline in patients with IPF, (18)F-proline does not seem to be a suitable radioligand to evaluate the activity of fibrosis formation in patients with IPF. The low uptake in the lungs of patients with interstitial fibrosis may be explained by the slow nature of fibrogenesis or to the relatively low dose of proline that can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Lavalaye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, P.O. Box 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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van den Brûle S, Misson P, Bühling F, Lison D, Huaux F. Overexpression of cathepsin K during silica-induced lung fibrosis and control by TGF-beta. Respir Res 2005; 6:84. [PMID: 16045809 PMCID: PMC1188077 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung fibrosis is characterized by tissue remodeling resulting from an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular organic matrices. To examine whether cathepsin(s) (Cat) are important in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, we assessed the expression of four Cat known for their collagenolytic activity in a model of silica-induced lung fibrosis. Methods Different strains of mice were transorally instilled with 2.5 mg crystalline silica or other particles. Cat expression (Cat K, S, L and B) was quantified in lung tissue and isolated pulmonary cells by quantitative RT-PCR. In vitro, we assessed the effect of different cytokines, involved in lung inflammatory and fibrotic responses, on the expression of Cat K by alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts. Results In lung tissue, Cat K transcript was the most strongly upregulated in response to silica, and this upregulation was intimately related to the fibrotic process. In mouse strains known for their differential response to silica, we showed that the level of Cat K expression following silica treatment was inversely related to the level of TGF-β expression and the susceptibility of these strains to develop fibrosis. Pulmonary macrophages and fibroblasts were identified as Cat K overproducing cells in the lung of silicotic mice. In vitro, Cat K was downregulated in mouse and human lung fibroblasts by the profibrotic growth factor TGF-β1. Conclusion Altogether, these data suggest that while Cat K may contribute to control lung fibrosis, TGF-β appears to limit its overexpression in response to silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille van den Brûle
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 30.54, 1200 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Misson
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 30.54, 1200 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Bühling
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger-Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Lison
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 30.54, 1200 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Huaux
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 30.54, 1200 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Chen SS, Ruteshouser EC, Maity SN, de Crombrugghe B. Cell-specific in vivo DNA-protein interactions at the proximal promoters of the pro alpha 1(I) and the pro alpha2(I) collagen genes. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:3261-8. [PMID: 9241239 PMCID: PMC146878 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.16.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed in vivo dimethylsulfate footprinting of the 220 bp mouse proximal proalpha1(I) collagen promoter and the 350 bp mouse proximal proalpha2(I) collagen promoter in BALB/3T3 fibroblasts, primary mouse skin fibroblasts, S-194 B cells, NMuLi liver epithelial cells and RAG renal adenocarcinoma cells and in vitro DNase I footprinting of these promoters using nuclear extracts of these different cell types. Whereas proalpha1(I) and proalpha2(I) collagen RNAs were present in BALB/3T3 fibroblasts and primary fibroblasts, these RNAs could not be detected in the three other cell lines. Comparison of in vitro DNase I footprints for each of the two proximal collagen promoters indicated that the patterns of protection were very similar with the different nuclear extracts, suggesting that the DNA binding proteins binding to these promoters were present in all cell types tested. In contrast, in vivo footprints over these proximal promoters were cell-specific, occurring only in fibroblast cells and not in the other three cell types. The in vivo footprints were generally located within the in vitro footprinted regions. Our results suggest that although all cell types tested contained nuclear proteins that can bind to the proximal proalpha1(I) and proalpha2(I) collagen promoters in vitro , it is only in fibroblasts that these proteins bind to their cognate sites in vivo . We discuss possible regulatory mechanisms in type I collagen genes that can contribute to the cell-specific in vivo protein-DNA interactions at the proximal promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hay JG, Haslam PL, Dewar A, Addis B, Turner-Warwick M, Laurent GJ. Development of acute lung injury after the combination of intravenous bleomycin and exposure to hyperoxia in rats. Thorax 1987; 42:374-82. [PMID: 2443992 PMCID: PMC460759 DOI: 10.1136/thx.42.5.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity is an important adverse effect of bleomycin treatment. Very little is known of the mechanisms underlying the development of lung injury, especially after intravenous administration, or how it can be modulated. In this study acute lung injury induced by bleomycin has been examined in rats by assessment of alveolar lavage cell profiles, histological examination, and measurement of the total pulmonary extravascular albumin space. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin 1.5 mg resulted in a severe pneumonitis with influx of inflammatory cells into the alveoli as assessed by alveolar lavage, oedema of the alveolar walls, and up to an eight fold increase in the total pulmonary extravascular albumin space, maximal at 72 hours. Intravenous bleomycin 0.15-5 mg produced no detectable injury when assessed in these ways. Exposure to hyperoxia (40-90%) after intravenous bleomycin, however, induced lung injury similar to that produced by intratracheal bleomycin. A much more severe injury followed administration of intravenous bleomycin after an exposure to hyperoxia, which itself resulted in lung injury; but lung injury was still detectable after bleomycin when the exposure to hyperoxia was insufficient to induce changes in control animals. Lung injury was not observed when the exposure to hyperoxia preceded bleomycin treatment. These results indicate the importance of oxygen in the pathways leading to acute lung injury following intravenous bleomycin. We conclude that exposure to oxygen might induce lung injury during and after bleomycin treatment, and suggest that in these circumstances oxygen therapy should be kept to a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Hay
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Cardiothoracic Institute, London
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