Xu JJ, Fang X, Li CY, Yang L, Chen XY. General and specialized tyrosine metabolism pathways in plants.
ABIOTECH 2020;
1:97-105. [PMID:
36304719 PMCID:
PMC9590561 DOI:
10.1007/s42994-019-00006-w]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine metabolism pathway serves as a starting point for the production of a variety of structurally diverse natural compounds in plants, such as tocopherols, plastoquinone, ubiquinone, betalains, salidroside, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and so on. Among these, tyrosine-derived metabolites, tocopherols, plastoquinone, and ubiquinone are essential to plant survival. In addition, this pathway provides us essential micronutrients (e.g., vitamin E and ubiquinone) and medicine (e.g., morphine, salidroside, and salvianolic acid B). However, our knowledge of the plant tyrosine metabolism pathway remains rudimentary, and genes encoding the pathway enzymes have not been fully defined. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the tyrosine metabolism pathway, key enzymes, and important tyrosine-derived metabolites in plants.
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