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Carlin A, Beadle JR, Clark AE, Gully KL, Moreira FR, Baric RS, Graham RL, Valiaeva N, Leibel SL, Bray W, McMillan RE, Freshman JE, Garretson AF, McVicar RN, Rana T, Zhang XQ, Murphy JA, Schooley RT, Hostetler KY. 1- O-Octadecyl-2- O-benzyl- sn-glyceryl-3- phospho-GS-441524 (V2043). Evaluation of Oral V2043 in a Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Additional Phospholipid Esters with Enhanced Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5802-5819. [PMID: 37040439 PMCID: PMC10108740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Early antiviral treatments, including intravenous remdesivir (RDV), reduce hospitalization and severe disease caused by COVID-19. An orally bioavailable RDV analog may facilitate earlier treatment of non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of alkyl glyceryl ether phosphodiesters of GS-441524 (RVn), lysophospholipid analogs which allow for oral bioavailability and stability in plasma. Oral treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected BALB/c mice with 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phospho-RVn (60 mg/kg orally, once daily for 5 days starting 12h after infection) reduced lung viral load by 1.5 log10 units versus vehicle at day 2 and to below the limit of detection at day 5. Structure/activity evaluation of additional analogs that have hydrophobic ethers at the sn-2 of glycerol revealed improved in vitro antiviral activity by introduction of a 3-fluoro-4-methoxy-substituted benzyl or a 3- or 4-cyano-substituted benzyl. Collectively, our data support the development of RVn phospholipid prodrugs as oral antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron
F. Carlin
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Pathology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James R. Beadle
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alex E. Clark
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department
of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Fernando R. Moreira
- Department
of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department
of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rachel L. Graham
- Department
of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nadejda Valiaeva
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sandra L. Leibel
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William Bray
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rachel E. McMillan
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Pathology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Freshman
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Pathology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Aaron F. Garretson
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Pathology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rachael N. McVicar
- Sanford
Burnham Prebys Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tariq Rana
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xing-Quan Zhang
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joyce A. Murphy
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robert T. Schooley
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Karl Y. Hostetler
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Yang G, Yu JH, Broker TR, Aldern KA, Harden EA, Keith KA, Prichard MN, Hartman T, Buckheit RW, Chow LT, Hostetler KY. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Octadecyloxyethyl Benzyl 9-[(2-Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (ODE-Bn-PMEG), a Potent Inhibitor of Transient HPV DNA Amplification. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10470-10478. [PMID: 27933957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) high-risk genotypes such as HPV-16 and HPV-18 cause the majority of anogenital tract carcinomas, including cervical cancer, the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Currently there are no approved antiviral agents that reduce or eliminate HPV and reverse virus-associated pathology. We synthesized and evaluated several alkoxyalkyl acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diesters and identified octadecyloxyethyl benzyl 9-[(2-phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (ODE-Bn-PMEG) as an active compound which strongly inhibited transient amplification of HPV-11, -16, and -18 origin-containing plasmid DNA in transfected cells at concentrations well below its cytotoxic concentrations. ODE-Bn-PMEG demonstrated increased uptake in human foreskin fibroblast cells and was readily converted in vitro to the active antiviral metabolite, PMEG diphosphate. The P-chiral enantiomers of ODE-Bn-PMEG were obtained and appeared to have equivalent antiviral activities against HPV. ODE-Bn-PMEG is a promising candidate for the local treatment of HPV-16 and HPV-18 and other high-risk types, an important unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Beadle
- University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nadejda Valiaeva
- University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Jei-Hwa Yu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Thomas R Broker
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Kathy A Aldern
- University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emma A Harden
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Kathy A Keith
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Mark N Prichard
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Tracy Hartman
- ImQuest BioSciences , Frederick, Maryland 21704, United States
| | | | - Louise T Chow
- University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Karl Y Hostetler
- University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Antiva Biosciences, Inc. , South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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