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Jenkins JA, Draugelis-Dale RO, Hoffpauir NM, Baudoin BA, Matkin C, Driver L, Hodges S, Brown BL. Flow cytometric assessments of metabolic activity in bacterial assemblages provide insight into ecosystem condition along the Buffalo National River, Arkansas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170462. [PMID: 38311076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The Buffalo National River (BNR), on karst terrain in Arkansas, is considered an extraordinary water resource. Water collected in Spring 2017 along BNR was metagenomically analyzed using 16S rDNA, and for 17 months (5/2017-11/2018), bacterial responses were measured in relation to nutrients sampled along a stretch of BNR near a concentrated animal feed operation (CAFO) on Big Creek. Because cell count and esterase activity can increase proportionally with organic enrichment, they were hypothesized to be elevated near the CAFO. Counts (colony forming units; CFUs) were different among sites for 73 % of the months; Big Creek generated highest CFUs 27 % of the time, with the closest downstream site at 13.3 %. Esterase activity was different among sites 94 % of the time, with Big Creek exhibiting lowest activity 71 % of the time. Over the months, activity was similar across sites at ~70 % active, except at Big Creek (56 %). The α-diversity of BNR microbial consortia near a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the CAFO was related to distance from the WWTP and CAFO. The inverse relationship between high CFUs and low esterase activity at Big Creek (r = -0.71) actuated in vitro exposures of bacteria to organic wastewater contaminants (OWC) previously identified in the watershed. Exponential-phase Escherichia coli (stock strain), Streptococcus suis (avirulent, from swine), and S. dysgalactiae (virulent, from silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were incubated with atrazine, pharmaceuticals (17 α-ethynylestradiol and trenbolone), and antimicrobials (tylosin and butylparaben). Bacteria were differentially responsive. Activity varied with exposure time and OWC type, but not concentration; atrazine decreased it most. Taken together - the metagenomic taxonomic similarities along BNR, slightly higher bacterial growth and lower bacterial esterase at the CAFO, and the lab exposures of bacterial strains showing that OWC altered metabolism - the results indicated that bioactive OWC entering the watershed can strongly influence microbial processes in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Jenkins
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA.
| | - Rassa O Draugelis-Dale
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Nina M Hoffpauir
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Brooke A Baudoin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Caroline Matkin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA.
| | - Lucas Driver
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center, 401 Hardin Rd., Little Rock, AR 72211, USA.
| | - Shawn Hodges
- Buffalo National River, National Park Service, 402 N. Walnut St., Harrison, AR 72601, USA.
| | - Bonnie L Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 105 Main St., Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Tucker-Retter EK, Allender MC, Nowak RA, Suski CD. Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal. ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1643/i2021072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Tucker-Retter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Matthew C. Allender
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| | - Romana A. Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Cory D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Alves-Barroco C, Brito PH, Santos-Sanches I, Fernandes AR. Phylogenetic analysis and accessory genome diversity reveal insight into the evolutionary history of Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952110. [PMID: 35928143 PMCID: PMC9343751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is capable of infecting both humans and animals and causing a wide range of invasive and non-invasive infections. With two subspecies, the taxonomic status of subspecies of SD remains controversial. Subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is an important human pathogen, while subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strictly animal pathogen; however, occasional human infections by this subspecies have been reported in the last few years. Moreover, the differences between the adaptation of SDSD within humans and other animals are still unknown. In this work, we provide a phylogenomic analysis based on the single-copy core genome of 106 isolates from both the subspecies and different infected hosts (animal and human hosts). The accessory genome of this species was also analyzed for screening of genes that could be specifically involved with adaptation to different hosts. Additionally, we searched putatively adaptive traits among prophage regions to infer the importance of transduction in the adaptation of SD to different hosts. Core genome phylogenetic relationships segregate all human SDSE in a single cluster separated from animal SD isolates. The subgroup of bovine SDSD evolved from this later clade and harbors a specialized accessory genome characterized by the presence of specific virulence determinants (e.g., cspZ) and carbohydrate metabolic functions (e.g., fructose operon). Together, our results indicate a host-specific SD and the existence of an SDSD group that causes human–animal cluster infections may be due to opportunistic infections, and that the exact incidence of SDSD human infections may be underestimated due to failures in identification based on the hemolytic patterns. However, more detailed research into the isolation of human SD is needed to assess whether it is a carrier phenomenon or whether the species can be permanently integrated into the human microbiome, making it ready to cause opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Cinthia Alves-Barroco,
| | - Patrícia H. Brito
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Patrícia H. Brito,
| | - Ilda Santos-Sanches
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- Alexandra R. Fernandes,
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