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da Cruz KPP, Gattamorta MA, Matushima ER, Salvarani FM. Fibropapillomatosis: A Review of the Disease with Attention to the Situation Northern Coast of Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1809. [PMID: 38929428 PMCID: PMC11200417 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis in sea turtles is a potentially debilitating and fatal disease for which there is still a lack of knowledge, especially for specific regions of Brazil. The diagnosis is made through the observation of clinical manifestations, and despite its association with Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) as the etiological agent, the expression of the disease may also be related to immunological and environmental factors caused by anthropic degradation of the environment. Thus, this review aims to elucidate what is known about this disease globally, and especially in various regions of Brazil, promoting a better understanding of its evolution, spatiotemporal prevalence, and relationship with human activities. Furthermore, the review explores the molecular biology of ChHV5, including its genomic structure, replication cycle, and mechanisms of pathogenesis. The role of environmental factors, such as temperature and pollution, in modulating ChHV5 infection and FP development is also discussed. Additionally, the review summarizes current diagnostic methods for detecting ChHV5 infection in sea turtles, highlighting the importance of early detection and monitoring for effective disease management and conservation efforts. Finally, the review outlines future research directions aimed at improving our understanding of ChHV5 and developing strategies for FP control and prevention in sea turtle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana Reiko Matushima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508220, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Masiero Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740970, PA, Brazil;
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Boyda-Andrade S, Silva DN, Raposo AC, Estrela-Lima A, Oriá AP. Morphobiometry of the scleral ossicle rings in Chelonia mydas sea turtles. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:17-29. [PMID: 36872572 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scleral ossicle rings of reptiles have endoskeletal functions that are not completely understood. Moreover, descriptive reports on the anatomy of those rings are scarce. We tried to make an anatomical description that could contribute to a better understanding of their functions. ANIMAL STUDIED AND PROCEDURES We quantified, histologically characterized and evaluated the morphobiometry of the scleral ossicles, and measured the aditus orbitae of 25 sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) heads. RESULTS The aditus orbitae represented about one-third of the total head length and the mean area of the internal opening of each ring was up to 8.37% of the aditus orbitae area. The mean internal diameter of the rings (6.32 mm) was characteristic of scotopic species and the most frequent number of ossicles per ring varied between 11 and 12. Two new classifications were proposed for the ossicle types: plus-Verzahnung (+V) and minus-Verzahnung (-V). The bone tissue revealed a lamellar arrangement typical of compact and resistant bones. CONCLUSION The obtained data may be used to support and expand the understanding of functions, animal activity patterns, distinctions between taxa and taphonomic interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelamares Boyda-Andrade
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University from the West of Bahia, UFOB, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Danielle Nascimento Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Raposo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Arianne P Oriá
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Vanstreels RET, Durant A, Santos AP, Santos RG, Sarmiento AMS, Rossi S, Setim FE, Gattamorta MA, Matushima ER, Mayorga LFSP, Uhart MM. Exploring the relationship between environmental drivers and the manifestation of fibropapillomatosis in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in eastern Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290312. [PMID: 37616208 PMCID: PMC10449228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a disease characterized by epithelial tumors that can impede life-sustaining activities of sea turtles, especially green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP is caused by a herpesvirus, but environmental factors are also thought to play a role in triggering FP tumor growth. In this study, we evaluate the epidemiology of FP tumors in green turtles along the coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil, a region where juvenile green turtles are known to aggregate with high FP prevalence. A dataset comprising 2024 beach-cast green turtles recorded through daily beach surveys on 400 km of coastline from 2018 to 2021 (inclusive) was evaluated. FP tumors were recorded in 40.9% of the individuals in this dataset, and presence of FP tumors was predicted by individual variables (presence of marine leeches, stranding code, curved carapace length, body mass-size residual) and characteristics of the stranding site (distance to nearest metallurgical plant, mean sea surface salinity (SSS), annual range of sea surface temperature (SST)). Additionally, a second dataset comprising detailed information about the size and anatomical distribution of tumors in 271 green turtles with FP from the same region was evaluated. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed these turtles could be classified in three groups according to the anatomical distribution of their tumors, and in turn the group to which each turtle was assigned could be predicted by the study period (2010-2014 vs. 2018-2022) and by characteristics of the stranding/capture site (green turtle stranding density, mean sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration, mean SSS, mean SST, annual range of SST). These results corroborate that individual and environmental factors play a significant role driving FP epidemiology. Furthermore, the results suggest that rather than behaving as a single entity, FP may be seen as a mosaic of distinct anatomical patterns that are not necessarily driven by the same environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E. T. Vanstreels
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos, Cariacica, ES, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexis Durant
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Allan P. Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos, Cariacica, ES, Brazil
| | - Robson G. Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Marinha e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Angélica M. S. Sarmiento
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Argonauta para a Conservação Costeira e Marinha, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Silmara Rossi
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Areia Branca, RN, Brazil
| | - Fabiola E. Setim
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade São Judas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Gattamorta
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana R. Matushima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela M. Uhart
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Rossi S, de Farias DSD, da Costa Bomfim A, Carreira RS, Grisi-Filho JHH, Massone CG, de Lima Silva FJ, Gavilan SA. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liver samples of green turtles Chelonia mydas stranded in the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115264. [PMID: 37423081 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles are affected by pollutants worldwide, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been detected in different types of samples and at high levels in some cases. The present study brings concentrations of 37 PAHs in liver samples of 17 green turtles Chelonia mydas stranded in northeastern Brazil [four with cutaneous tumors of fibropapillomatosis (FP), being classified as FP+]. Six PAHs were detected in 100% of the liver samples, and all alkylated PAHs were frequently quantified. High levels of phenanthrene (771.20 and 794.43 ng g-1 d.w.) and fluorene (1882.36 ng g-1 d.w.) were found in three females FP- (without FP cutaneous tumors). On the other hand, one green turtle FP+ had the higher level of naphthalene (531.70 ng g-1 d.w.), compound detected in 82.35 % of the samples. Our study brings additional baseline of organic pollutants in green turtles, improving knowledge on bioaccumulation of these compounds in sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara Rossi
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), Areia Branca, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Solon Dias de Farias
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), Areia Branca, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aline da Costa Bomfim
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), Areia Branca, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Renato S Carreira
- Laboratório de Estudos Marinhos e Ambientais (LabMAM), Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Biostatística (LEB), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Massone
- Laboratório de Estudos Marinhos e Ambientais (LabMAM), Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio José de Lima Silva
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), Areia Branca, RN, Brazil; Departamento de Turismo, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Simone Almeida Gavilan
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), Areia Branca, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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