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Díaz D, Briñol P, Bajo M, Stavraki M, Beato-Fernández L, Petty RE. The association of the persecutory ideation questionnaire with clinically-relevant and other outcomes: the moderating role of confidence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15809. [PMID: 38982156 PMCID: PMC11233644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most used self-administered instruments to assess persecutory delusions is the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire (PIQ). Individual differences in PIQ scores are important because they predict the severity of symptoms associated with psychosis-related disorders. The current research demonstrates that PIQ is associated with two new outcomes: Satisfaction with life (Studies 1 and 2) and therapy length needed for hospital discharge (Study 2). Most relevant, we introduce meta-cognitive confidence in one's scale responses as a construct capable of improving the predictive validity of the PIQ. Across two studies, participants from the general population (Study 1) and from a clinical sample (Study 2) completed the PIQ and then reported the confidence in their responses. As expected, the PIQ was associated with satisfaction with life in both cases and duration of therapy required to receive hospital discharge for the clinical sample. Most importantly, confidence further moderated the extent to which the PIQ scores were linked with both outcomes, with greater consistency between the PIQ and the dependent measures obtained for those with higher confidence. Therefore, asking a single item about the confidence associated with responses to the PIQ enhances the association of PIQ scores and relevant consequences across domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Díaz
- Department of Psychology, Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Camino de Moledores S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | - Miriam Bajo
- Department of Psychology, Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Camino de Moledores S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria Stavraki
- Department of Psychology, Ciudad Real Medical School, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Camino de Moledores S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Beato-Fernández
- Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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2
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Santos D, Requero B, Moreno L, Briñol P, Petty R. Certainty in holistic thinking and responses to contradiction: Dialectical proverbs, counter-attitudinal change and ambivalence. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38949294 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The present research examined whether consideration of individuals' certainty in their holism can enhance the ability of this individual difference to predict how they respond to contradiction-relevant outcomes. Across four studies, participants first completed a standardized measure of holistic-analytic thinking. Then, they rated how certain they were in their responses to the holism scale or were experimentally induced to feel high or low certainty. Next, participants were exposed to dialectical proverbs (Study 1a and 1b), to a counter-attitudinal change induction (Study 2), or to a paradigm of attitudinal ambivalence (Study 3). Results revealed that participants with higher certainty in their holistic thinking exhibited higher preference for dialectical proverbs (Study 1a and 1b), changed their attitude less following a counter-attitudinal task (Study 2) and showed weaker correspondence between objective and subjective ambivalence (Study 3). Beyond examining new domains and discovering novel findings, the present work was designed to be the first to show moderation of previously identified effects in the domain of holistic thinking and responses to contradiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santos
- IE Business School, IE University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Requero
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Moreno
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Briñol
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Petty
- Psychology Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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3
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Wong TY, Fang Z, Cheung C, Wong CSM, Suen YN, Hui CLM, Lee EHM, Lui SSY, Chan SKW, Chang WC, Sham PC, Chen EYH. Unveiling common psychological characteristics of proneness to aggression and general psychopathology in a large community youth cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:255. [PMID: 37438366 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated aggression in individuals with psychiatric disorders is frequently reported yet aggressive acts among people with mental illness are often intertwined with proneness to aggression and other risk factors. Evidence has suggested that both general psychopathology and proneness to aggression may share common psychological characteristics. This study aims to investigate the complex relationship between general psychopathology, proneness to aggression, and their contributing factors in community youth. Here, we first examined the association between proneness to aggression and the level of general psychopathology in 2184 community youths (male: 41.2%). To identify common characteristics, we trained machine learning models using LASSO based on 230 features covering sociodemographic, cognitive functions, lifestyle, well-being, and psychological characteristics to predict levels of general psychopathology and proneness to aggression. A subsequent Gaussian Graph Model (GGM) was fitted to understand the relationships between the general psychopathology, proneness to aggression, and selected features. We showed that proneness to aggression was associated with a higher level of general psychopathology (discovery: r = 0.56, 95% CI: [0.52-0.59]; holdout: r = 0.60, 95% CI: [0.54-0.65]). The LASSO model trained on the discovery dataset for general psychopathology was able to predict proneness to aggression in the holdout dataset with a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.606. Similarly, the model trained on the proneness to aggression in the discovery dataset was able to predict general psychopathology in the holdout dataset with a correlation coefficient of 0.717. These results suggest that there is substantial shared information between the two outcomes. The GGM model revealed that isolation and impulsivity factors were directly associated with both general psychopathology and proneness to aggression. These results revealed shared psychological characteristics of general psychopathology and proneness to aggression in a community sample of youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yat Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Psychology, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhiqian Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charlton Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Corine S M Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherry K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Strengthening the Link between Vaccine Predispositions and Vaccine Advocacy through Certainty. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111970. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Instruments designed to assess individual differences in predispositions towards vaccination are useful in predicting vaccination-related outcomes. Despite their importance, there is relatively little evidence regarding the conditions under which these instruments are more predictive. The current research was designed to improve the ability of these kinds of instruments to predict vaccination advocacy by considering the certainty associated with the responses to vaccination scales. Method. Across two studies, participants completed the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire BMQ scale (Study 1) or the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale (Study 2). The certainty participants had in their responses to each scale was either measured (Study 1) or manipulated (Study 2). Intentions to advocate in favor of vaccination served as the criterion measure in both studies. Results. As expected, the scales significantly predicted vaccination advocacy, contributing to enhancing the predictive validity of the instruments used in the studies. Most relevant, certainty moderated the extent to which these scales predicted vaccination advocacy, with greater consistency between the initial scores and the subsequent advocacy willingness obtained for those with higher certainty. Conclusions. Certainty can be useful to predict when the relationship between vaccination-related cognitions (i.e., beliefs or attitudes) and advocacy willingness is likely to be stronger.
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Yang Q, Liu SS, Sullivan D, Galinsky AD. Taking control of violence against doctors. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Center for Health Policy Studies School of Public Health and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shi S. Liu
- Columbia Business School Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Daniel Sullivan
- Department of Psychology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
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Stevanovic D, Damjanovic R, Jovic V, Bador K, Nguyen HTM, Senhaji M, Kuch-Cecconi RH, Meszaros ZS, Kerekes N. Measurement properties of the life history of aggression in adolescents: Data from Morocco, Serbia, Sweden, Vietnam, and the USA. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114504. [PMID: 35287040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Life History of Aggression (LHA) is a frequently used scale for assessing trait aggression, but its psychometric properties have not been evaluated among adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the LHA among high school students from Morocco, Serbia, Sweden, Vietnam, and the United States of America (USA). The total sample included 4867 adolescents, aged 15-19 years, from Morocco (n = 508), Serbia (n = 1067), Sweden (n = 1570), Vietnam (n = 1401), and the USA (n = 321). A two-factor, nine-item model containing an aggression factor (5 items) and a consequences/antisocial behavior factor (4 items) was created. The two-factor model had an acceptable-to-good model fit for the data for the total sample and all five countries, including gender. Cronbach's alpha (α) was satisfactory across countries. Still, the construct was noninvariant across countries and genders. The LHA with nine items in two subscales showed sound construct validity and internal consistency and can be used for group-level or within-group assessments of trait aggression in adolescents by either gender or country. However, it should not be used for cross-gender or cross-country comparisons due to a lack of measurement invariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Rade Damjanovic
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Education in Sombor, University of Novi Sad, Sombor 25000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | | | - Hang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Meftaha Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Avenue de Sebta, Mhannech II, Tetouan 93002, Morocco.
| | - Rachael H Kuch-Cecconi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | | | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan 46186, Sweden.
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Moreno L, Requero B, Santos D, Paredes B, Briñol P, Petty RE. Attitudes and attitude certainty guiding pro‐social behaviour as a function of perceived elaboration. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Moreno
- Department of Psychology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Blanca Requero
- Department of Psychology Universidad Villanueva Madrid Spain
| | - David Santos
- IE School of Human Sciences and Technology IE University Segovia Spain
| | - Borja Paredes
- Department of Psychology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Briñol
- Department of Psychology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Richard E. Petty
- Department of Psychology Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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Santos D, Requero B, Martín-Fernández M. Individual differences in thinking style and dealing with contradiction: The mediating role of mixed emotions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257864. [PMID: 34559841 PMCID: PMC8462706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research examined how individuals’ thinking style (holistic vs. analytic) is associated with the way they deal with contradictory information and whether experiencing mixed emotions can mediate this relationship. Participants first completed the thinking style measure and then were exposed to two contradictory pieces of information (Studies 1 and 2). In study 2, we also measured the experience of mixed emotions to test the mediating role of this variable. Across two studies, we found that individuals with a holistic thinking style were more able to reconcile contradictory information compared to individuals with an analytic thinking style. Study 2 showed that the relationship between thinking style and dealing with contradiction was mediated by the experience of mixed emotions. This research extends previous findings on confrontation of contradiction and mixed emotions by using an individual-differences rather than a cultural-differences approach, and establishes mixed emotions as a plausible mediating variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santos
- IE School of Human Sciences and Technology, IE University, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Blanca Requero
- Psychology Department, Universidad Villanueva, Madrid, Spain
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chinese calligraphy practice and aggressive behaviors among children: The role of trait aggression and aggressive motivation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Exploring the Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescents’ Maladaptive Game Use through Aggression and Self-Control. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent aggression manifests in problematic game use and ultimately undermines life quality. This study deals with the mechanisms behind adolescents’ perception of parenting, maladaptive game use, self-control, and life satisfaction within the context of integrated supportive-positive parenting and harsh-negative parenting. Using 778 valid panel data from the Korea Creative Content Agency (KOCCA), we reached the conclusions that both supportive-positive parenting and harsh-negative parenting, mediated by self-control and maladaptive game use, are major predictors of adolescents’ life satisfaction. PLS-SEM analysis was used for the hypothesized model test. This study helped bridge the gap in existing research by finding clues to recovering parent–child relationships from the side effects of youth game use.
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Finding Myself Fast and Furiously: The Role of Agency-Communion Orientation and Self-Concept Clarity in Support for Radicalism. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The past research on radicalism is equivocal regarding the ways in which self-concept clarity shapes intentions to engage in radical behavior. Seeking to address the previous mixed findings in the literature, the present research examines how an individual’s agency-communion orientation moderates the effect of self-concept clarity on behavioral intentions for radical groups. Specifically, we propose that agency-oriented individuals show greater intentions to participate in radical groups when they experience low (vs. high) self-concept clarity, whereas communion-oriented individuals show no significant differences in their intentions to participate in radical groups across levels of self-concept clarity. A 2 (agency-communion orientation: low vs. high) × 2 (self-concept clarity: low vs. high) experimental design was used to test the hypotheses. Using gender as a proxy variable for agency-communion orientation, Study 1 shows that agency-communion orientation moderates the effect of self-concept clarity on intentions to participate in radical groups. Using chronic individual differences in agency-communion orientation, Study 2 shows that psychological entitlement mediates the interactive effect of self-concept clarity and agency-communion orientation on behavioral intentions for radical groups. Taken together, these findings support the role of agency-communion orientation and self-concept clarity in radicalism.
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Mello J, Garcia-Marques T, Briñol P, Cancela A, Petty RE. The influence of physical attractiveness on attitude confidence and resistance to change. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Briñol P, Petty RE. Changing prejudiced attitudes, promoting egalitarianism, and enhancing diversity through fundamental processes of persuasion. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1798102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Briñol
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard E. Petty
- Distinguished University Professor, Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Horcajo J, Santos D, Guyer JJ, Mateos R. A meta-cognitive approach to doping in sports: The effects of thought validation on attitudes related to doping. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2242-2252. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1776930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Horcajo
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Santos
- IE School of Human Sciences and Technology, IE University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joshua J. Guyer
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateos
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Xu M, Briñol P, Gretton JD, Tormala ZL, Rucker DD, Petty RE. Individual Differences in Attitude Consistency Over Time: The Personal Attitude Stability Scale. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2020; 46:1507-1519. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167220908995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research finds evidence for reliable individual differences in people’s perceived attitude stability that predict the actual stability of their attitudes over time. Study 1 examines the reliability and factor structure of an 11-item Personal Attitude Stability Scale (PASS). Study 2 establishes test–retest reliability for the PASS over a 5-week period. Studies 3a and 3b demonstrate the convergent and discriminant validity of the PASS in relation to relevant existing individual differences. Studies 4 and 5 show that the PASS predicts attitude stability following a delay period across several distinct topics. Across multiple attitude objects, for people with high (vs. low) scores on the PASS, Time 1 attitudes were more predictive of their Time 2 attitudes, indicative of greater attitudinal consistency over time. The final study also demonstrates that the PASS predicts attitude stability above and beyond other related scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Xu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Briñol P, Paredes B, Gandarillas B. Introduction to meta-cognitive processes of thought separation: an illustrative overview / Introducción a los procesos metacognitivos de separación del propio pensamiento: una visión general ilustrativa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2019.1651023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Paredes B, Santos D, Briñol P, Gómez Á, Petty RE. The role of meta-cognitive certainty on the relationship between identity fusion and endorsement of extreme pro-group behavior. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1681498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Paredes
- Departamento de Teoría y Análisis de la Comunicación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Santos
- IE School of Human Sciences and Technology, IE University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Briñol
- Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gómez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard E. Petty
- Department of Social Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Santos D, Briñol P, Petty RE, Gascó M, Horcajo J, Gandarillas B. Separating thoughts from the self by selling them to others: the moderating role of self-esteem / Separar los pensamientos del yo al venderlos a otros: el rol moderador de la autoestima. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2019.1649891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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