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Chong KM, Chia A, Shah Budin NS, Poh BK, Jamil NA, Koh D, Chong MFF, Wong JE. Accuracy of a Web-Based Time-Use Diary (MEDAL) in Assessing Children's Meal Intakes With Food Photography by Parents as Reference: Instrument Validation Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e53461. [PMID: 38713499 PMCID: PMC11109862 DOI: 10.2196/53461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND My E-Diary for Activities and Lifestyle (MEDAL) is a web-based time-use diary developed to assess the diet and movement behaviors of Asian school children. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the accuracy of MEDAL in assessing the dietary intake of Malaysian school children, using photographs of the children's meals taken by their parents as an objective reference. METHODS A convenience sample of 46 children aged 10 to 11 years recorded their daily meals in MEDAL for 4 days (2 weekdays and 2 weekend days). Their parents took photographs of the meals and snacks of their children before and after consumption during the 4-day period and sent them along with a brief description of food and drinks consumed via an instant SMS text messaging app. The accuracy of the children's reports of the food they had consumed was determined by comparing their MEDAL reports to the photographs of the food sent by their parents. RESULTS Overall, the match, omission, and intrusion rates were 62% (IQR 46%-86%), 39% (IQR 16%-55%), and 20% (IQR 6%-44%), respectively. Carbohydrate-based items from the food categories "rice and porridge"; "breads, spreads, and cereals"; and "noodles, pasta, and potatoes" were reported most accurately (total match rates: 68%-76%). "Snack and dessert" items were omitted most often (omission rate: 54%). Furthermore, side dishes from "vegetables and mushrooms," "eggs and tofu," "meat and fish," and "curry" food groups were often omitted (omission rates: 42%-46%). Items from "milk, cheese, and yogurt"; "snacks and desserts"; and "drinks" food groups intruded most often (intrusion rates: 37%-46%). Compared to the items reported by the boys, those reported by the girls had higher match rates (69% vs 53%) and lesser omission rates (31% vs 49%; P=.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, children aged 10 to 11 years can self-report all their meals in MEDAL, although some items are omitted or intruded. Therefore, MEDAL is a tool that can be used to assess the dietary intake of Malaysian school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Mun Chong
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Airu Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Syahirah Shah Budin
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Jamil
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Denise Koh
- Centre of Community Education & Wellbeing, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Iordanou C, Allen ML, Warmelink L. Cognitive skills, individual differences, and nonverbal interview methods in children’s eyewitness recall. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2022.2149758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lara Warmelink
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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3
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A review of the differential contributions of language abilities to children’s eyewitness memory and suggestibility. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Hritz AC, Ceci SJ. Lie for Me: Developmental Trends in Acquiescing to a Blatantly False Statement. Front Psychol 2021; 12:691276. [PMID: 34630205 PMCID: PMC8495062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair of studies demonstrates that simply asking children to make a blatantly false accusation in the guise of helping others can result in both immediate and long-term false claims. In the pilot study, the initial willingness to make a blatantly false statement was associated with some children making false statements a week later despite being told that the first interviewer had made mistakes during the initial interview. On a positive note, the majority of participants accurately stated that they did not have first-hand knowledge of their accusation's accuracy. Across both studies, the rate of false accusation rates was high. The main experiment demonstrated that children who were young, possessed the lowest verbal intelligence or who were from the lowest SES homes made the most accusations. These findings illustrate not only the dangers of encouraging children to make false statements, but the ease and durability of making such false statements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J Ceci
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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5
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Lund T, Pavlova M, Kennedy M, Graham SA, Peterson C, Dick B, Noel M. Father- and Mother-Child Reminiscing About Past Pain and Young Children's Cognitive Skills. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:757-767. [PMID: 33693798 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Painful experiences are common, distressing, and salient in childhood. Parent-child reminiscing about past painful experiences is an untapped opportunity to process pain-related distress and, similar to reminiscing about other distressing experiences, promotes children's broader development. Previous research has documented the role of parent-child reminiscing about past pain in children's pain-related cognitions (i.e., memories for pain), but no study to date has examined the association between parent-child reminiscing about past painful experiences and children's broader cognitive skills. Design and Methods One hundred and ten typically developing four-year-old children and one of their parents reminisced about a past painful autobiographical event. Children then completed two tasks from the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery, the Flanker Inhibitory Control & Attention Test and the Picture Sequence Memory Test, to measure their executive function and episodic memory, respectively. Results Results indicated that the relation between parental reminiscing style and children's executive function was moderated by child sex, such that less frequent parental use of yes-no repetition questions was associated with boys' but not girls', greater performance on the executive function task. Children displayed greater episodic memory performance when their parents reminisced using more explanations. Conclusions The current study demonstrates the key role of parent-child reminiscing about pain in children's broader development and supports the merging of developmental and pediatric psychology fields. Future longitudinal research should examine the directionality of the relation between parent-child reminiscing about past pain and children's developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan A Graham
- Owerko Centre and Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary
| | - Carole Peterson
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | - Bruce Dick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute; Owerko Centre
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6
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Johnston V, Benedan L, Brubacher S, Powell M. The roles of child temperament and interviewer support on children's reports of adult wrongdoing. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Parent-child attachment security is associated with preschoolers' memory accuracy for emotional life events through sensitive parental reminiscing. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 209:105168. [PMID: 33940484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable controversy regarding the accuracy and suggestibility of children's autobiographical memory for emotionally salient life events. Attachment perspectives of autobiographical memory development identify the attachment security of parent-child dyads and parents' emotional support and coherence during reminiscing with their children as critical mechanisms underlying children's memory accuracy and suggestibility. In the current investigation, 72 preschool-aged children (M = 4.01 years, SD = 0.85; 44 female) reminisced with their parents about times they felt happy, sad, scared, and angry. Children were then independently interviewed about these experiences by an unfamiliar researcher using free recall, specific questions (i.e., questions about factual details), and misleading questions (i.e., questions suggesting false details). Parents completed an assessment of their children's attachment security within the parent-child relationship. Results revealed significant indirect effects of parent-child attachment security on children's memory accuracy through parental sensitive guidance during reminiscing when cognitive (i.e., intelligence) and behavioral (i.e., temperament, behavior problems) covariates were statistically controlled. Parent-child attachment security was positively associated with parental sensitive guidance during reminiscing, which, in turn, was positively associated with the accuracy of children's independent reports. The findings support attachment perspectives of autobiographical memory by identifying emotionally sensitive and coherent reminiscing as a parenting behavior that explains in part associations between parent-child attachment security and children's independent memory accuracy for emotional life events.
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8
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Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci9110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the factors that influence children’s suggestibility is important in implementing the psychological variables to be evaluated during a forensic evaluation. In the interrogative suggestibility model, coping strategies intervene in determining the acceptance or rejection of the leading question. However, studies that investigated the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and coping strategies had mixed results. Avoidance-oriented coping is associated with high level to immediate suggestibility and problem-focused with low levels. In this study, we measured immediate suggestibility, delayed suggestibility, and coping strategies in a sample of 100 children. We hypothesized that avoidance-oriented coping strategies have a predictive effect in increasing immediate suggestibility levels, in particular avoidance-oriented coping oriented towards the tendency to accept leading questions. No effect of coping strategies was expected on delayed suggestibility. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2), a non-verbal IQ test, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Coping strategies were not related to delayed suggestibility, but avoidance-oriented coping correlated positively with immediate suggestibility. Avoidance-oriented coping emerged as the only significant predictive model for shift and total suggestibility, and its subscale distraction emerged as a predictor for Yield 1 and Yield 2. No predictors emerged for delayed suggestibility. Results are discussed for their theoretical implications.
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Tasso AF, Pérez NA, Moore M, Griffo R, Nash MR. HYPNOTIC RESPONSIVENESS AND NONHYPNOTIC SUGGESTIBILITY: DISPARATE, SIMILAR, OR THE SAME?. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2020; 68:38-67. [PMID: 31914365 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2020.1685330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined if participants respond to different types of suggestions, including hypnosis, uniquely or similarly. This study used 9 suggestibility measures and hypothesized a 3-factor model. It was hypothesized that hypnosis, Chevreul's pendulum, and body-sway would load on the first factor; the odor test, progressive weights, and placebo on the second factor; and conformity, persuasibility, and interrogative suggestibility would load on the third factor. The study comprised 110 college students. Factor analyses failed to result in three factors. Additional attempts at two and three-factor models were also rejected. Hypnosis had no strong relationship with the various suggestibility measures. Thus, no clearly delineated factor structure of suggestibility emerged, indicating that the domain of suggestibility seems to be neither a single attribute, trait, or group of related abilities. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Tasso
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Mark Moore
- Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Griffo
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael R Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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Saraiva RB, Hope L, Horselenberg R, Ost J, Sauer JD, van Koppen PJ. Using metamemory measures and memory tests to estimate eyewitness free recall performance. Memory 2019; 28:94-106. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1688835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Benigno Saraiva
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Hope
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Robert Horselenberg
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - James Ost
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - James D. Sauer
- Division of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Peter J. van Koppen
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Foster I, Wyman J, Tong D, Colwell K, Talwar V. Does eyewitness and interviewer gender influence children's reports? An experimental analysis of eyewitness and interviewer gender on children's testimony. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2018; 26:499-519. [PMID: 31984092 PMCID: PMC6762099 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1507844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how children's age, gender and interviewer gender affected children's testimony after witnessing a theft. Children (N = 127, age = 6-11 years) witnessed an experimenter (E1) find money, which he/she may/may not have taken. E1 then asked the children to falsely deny that the theft occurred, falsely accuse E1 of taking the money, or tell the truth when interviewed by a second experimenter. Falsely denying or falsely accusing influenced children's forthcomingness and quality of their testimony. When accusing, boys were significantly more willing than girls to disclose about the theft earlier and without being asked directly. When truthfully accusing, children gave lengthier testimony to same-gendered adults. When denying, children were significantly more willing to disclose the theft earlier to male interviewers than to females. As children aged, they were significantly less likely to lie, more likely to disclose earlier when accusing, and give lengthier and more consistent testimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Foster
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joshua Wyman
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donia Tong
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Colwell
- Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria Talwar
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Benedan L, Powell MB, Zajac R, Lum JAG, Snow P. Suggestibility in neglected children: The influence of intelligence, language, and social skills. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 79:51-60. [PMID: 29407856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We administered the GSS-2, a standardised measure of suggestibility, to 5- to 12-year-old children to ascertain whether neglected children's responses to leading questions distinguish them from those of their non-neglected counterparts. Neglected children (n = 75) were more likely than an age-matched sample of non-neglected children (n = 75) to yield to leading questions, despite no difference in their ability to recall the test stimuli. Subsequent collection of individual difference data from the neglected sample revealed that this effect could not be attributed to intelligence, language ability, problem behaviours, age at onset of neglect, or time spent in out-of-home care. With respect to social skill, however, suggestibility was positively correlated with communicative skill, and marginally positively correlated with assertion and engagement. While on the surface our social skills findings seem counter-intuitive, it is possible that maltreated children with relative strengths in these areas have learned to comply with adults in their environment as a way to protect themselves or even foster belonging. Our data, while preliminary, raise interesting questions about whether targeted interventions could help these children to more actively participate in decisions about their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benedan
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Martine B Powell
- Centre for Investigative Interviewing, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
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13
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Yi M, Lamb ME. The effects of narrative practice on children's testimony and disclosure of secrets. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misun Yi
- Department of Police Administration; Dongyang University; Yeongju-Si South Korea
| | - Michael E. Lamb
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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Chae Y, Goodman M, Goodman GS, Troxel N, McWilliams K, Thompson RA, Shaver PR, Widaman KF. How children remember the Strange Situation: The role of attachment. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 166:360-379. [PMID: 29024847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study tested predictions from Bowlby's attachment theory about children's memory and suggestibility. Young children (3-5years old, N=88; 76% Caucasians) and their parents took part in the Strange Situation Procedure, a moderately distressing event and "gold standard" for assessing children's attachment quality. The children were then interviewed about what occurred during the event. Children's age and attachment security scores positively predicted correct information in free recall and accuracy in answering specific questions. For children with higher (vs. lower) attachment security scores, greater distress observed during the Strange Situation Procedure predicted increased resistance to misleading suggestions. In addition, for children who displayed relatively low distress during the Strange Situation Procedure, significant age differences in memory and suggestibility emerged as expected. However, for children who displayed greater distress during the Strange Situation Procedure, younger and older children's memory performances were equivalent. Findings suggest that attachment theory provides an important framework for understanding facets of memory development with respect to attachment-related information and that distress may alter assumed age patterns in memory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1230, USA.
| | - Miranda Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711, USA
| | - Gail S Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Natalie Troxel
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95353, USA
| | - Kelly McWilliams
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Ross A Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Phillip R Shaver
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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16
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Kim IK, Kwon ES, Ceci SJ. Developmental Reversals in Report Conformity: Psycho-Legal Implications. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Psychology; La Sierra University; Riverside USA
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Abstract
In a multistage experiment, twelve 4- and 9-year-old children participated in a triad rating task. Their ratings were mapped with multidimensional scaling, from which euclidean distances were computed to operation-alize semantic distance between items in target pairs. These children and age-mates then participated in an experiment that employed these target pairs in a story, which was followed by a misinformation manipulation. Analyses linked individual and developmental differences in suggestibility to children's representations of the target items. Semantic proximity was a strong predictor of differences in suggestibility: The closer a suggested distractor was to the original item's representation, the greater was the distractor's suggestive influence. The triad participants' semantic proximity subsequently served as the basis for correctly predicting memory performance in the larger group. Semantic proximity enabled a priori counterintuitive predictions of reverse age-related trends to be confirmed whenever the distance between representations of items in a target pair was greater for younger than for older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ceci
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, NY 14853, USA.
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Cordón IM, Silberkleit G, Goodman GS. Getting to Know You: Familiarity, Stereotypes, and Children's Eyewitness Memory. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2016; 34:74-94. [PMID: 27117602 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study concerned how the acquisition of social information, specifically knowledge about personal characteristics, influences young children's memory and suggestibility. Effects of two sources of knowledge about a target person were systematically examined: familiarity and stereotypes. Children, aged 4-5 and 7-9 years (N = 145), were randomly assigned, per age group, to experimental conditions based on a familiarity (6 hours vs. no prior exposure) × stereotype (negative depiction as messy and clumsy vs. no stereotype) factorial design. Children then watched the target person engage in a target event (a series of contests) at a preschool ("Camp Ingrid"). The children's memory and suggestibility about the target person and target event were tested after a delay of 2 weeks. Results indicated that the negative stereotype resulted in an increase in children's correct responses both to free-recall stereotype-related questions (when children were unfamiliar with the target person) and to closed-ended questions overall (for younger children). However, the stereotype was associated with greater error to stereotype-related closed-ended questions. Moreover, familiarity increased children's accuracy to closed-ended questions. Implications for theory and application are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Chae Y, Kulkofsky S, Debaran F, Wang Q, Hart SL. Low-SES Preschool Children's Eyewitness Memory: The Role of Narrative Skill. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2016; 34:55-73. [PMID: 27117601 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relation between narrative skill and eyewitness memory in young children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) communities. A total of 176 children aged 3-5 years were interviewed about a conflict event they witnessed. The quality of their narratives about the event and their ability to narrate a story from a picture book were examined in relation to memory of the event. Comprehensive measures of individual differences in vocabulary skill, adaptive language use, and behavioral characteristics were also administered. The results revealed that children who produced longer, more descriptive, and more cohesive narratives about the event recalled more accurate details and made fewer memory errors, independent of their language ability and behavioral characteristics. The quality of story narratives did not make any independent contributions to memory. Child's age was a robust predictor of memory for the event. Implications of the findings for understanding eyewitness memory in low-SES children are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | - Sarah Kulkofsky
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | - Francisco Debaran
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Sybil L Hart
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409
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Brown DA, Lewis CN, Lamb ME. Preserving the Past: An Early Interview Improves Delayed Event Memory in Children With Intellectual Disabilities. Child Dev 2015; 86:1031-1047. [PMID: 25876042 PMCID: PMC4654254 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The influence of an early interview on children's (N = 194) later recall of an experienced event was examined in children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities (CWID; 7–12 years) and typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological (7–12 years) or mental (4–9 years) age. Children previously interviewed were more informative, more accurate, and less suggestible. CWID (mild) recalled as much information as TD mental age matches, and were as accurate as TD chronological age matches. CWID (moderate) recalled less than TD mental age matches but were as accurate. Interviewers should elicit CWID's recall as early as possible and consider developmental level and severity of impairments when evaluating eyewitness testimony.
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Hritz AC, Royer CE, Helm RK, Burd KA, Ojeda K, Ceci SJ. Children's suggestibility research: Things to know before interviewing a child. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apj.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chae Y, Kulkofsky S, Debaran F, Wang Q, Hart SL. Low-SES children's eyewitness memory: the effects of verbal labels and vocabulary skills. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2014; 32:732-745. [PMID: 25393768 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of the verbal labels procedure and vocabulary skills on low-socioeconomic status (SES) preschool children's eyewitness memory. Children (N = 176) aged 3-5 years witnessed a conflict event and were then questioned about it in either a standard or a verbal labels interview. Findings revealed that children with higher rather than lower vocabulary skills produced more complete and accurate memories. Children who were given the verbal labels interview recalled more information, which included both correct and incorrect details. Overall, the verbal labels procedure did not improve children's performance on direct questions, but children with low vocabulary skills answered direct questions more accurately if they were given the verbal labels interview than when they were not. Implications of the findings for memory performance of low-SES children are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409
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23
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Klemfuss JZ. Differential Contributions of Language Skills to Children's Episodic Recall. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2014.952415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Chae Y, Goodman GS, Larson RP, Augusti EM, Alley D, VanMeenen KM, Culver M, Coulter KP. Children’s memory and suggestibility about a distressing event: The role of children’s and parents’ attachment. J Exp Child Psychol 2014; 123:90-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Aydin C, Ceci SJ. The role of culture and language in avoiding misinformation: pilot findings. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2013; 31:559-573. [PMID: 23877992 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In two pilot studies, we investigate the possibility that patterns in our linguistic environment affect the likelihood of accepting misinformation. Turkish, which marks its verbs for the source of a speaker's evidence (first-hand perception vs. hearsay), was contrasted with English which does not mark its verbs but which, to signal strength of evidence, must employ optional lexical marking. In the first pilot study, Turkish adults were shown to be affected by that language's obligatory evidential markings: their free recall for details of the events changed as a function of the type of the tense-aspect marker in use, and strong evidential markers led to increased levels of suggestibility when employed with misleading questions. In the second pilot study, Turkish- and English-speaking children were shown to be differentially suggestible depending on combinations of evidential markers in the story presented and the evidential marker employed in the misinformation subsequently provided. Together, these two pilot studies show promise in this area of research, which has been ignored by the forensic community and yet would seem to be relevant when interviewing, taking statements, and giving testimony in cross-linguistic settings.
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26
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Klemfuss JZ, Ceci SJ. Legal and psychological perspectives on children’s competence to testify in court. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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VOSS URSULA, FRENZEL CLEMENS, KOPPEHELE-GOSSEL JUDITH, HOBSON ALLAN. Lucid dreaming: an age-dependent brain dissociation. J Sleep Res 2012; 21:634-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Event memory and suggestibility in abused and neglected children: Trauma-related psychopathology and cognitive functioning. J Exp Child Psychol 2011; 110:520-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Shao Y, Ceci SJ. Adult credibility assessments of misinformed, deceptive and truthful children. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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The effects of verbal labels and vocabulary skill on memory and suggestibility. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Lehman EB, McKinley MJ, Thompson DW, Leonard AM, Liebman JI, Rothrock DD. Long-term stability of young children's eyewitness accuracy, suggestibility, and resistance to misinformation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Zajac R, Jury E, O'Neill S. The role of psychosocial factors in young children's responses to cross-examination style questioning. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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London K, Bruck M, Melnyk L. Post-event information affects children's autobiographical memory after one year. LAW AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2009; 33:344-355. [PMID: 18679779 DOI: 10.1007/s10979-008-9147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In two experiments, we examined whether post-event information (PEI) about true and false events persisted in children's reports after approximately 1 year. In Experiment 1, 4- to 6-year-olds were given PEI and then were given memory tests 2 weeks and 15 months later. Although PEI appeared in free recall at the initial testing, it decreased substantially by the long-term test. In contrast, on recognition tasks the children showed facilitation and misinformation effects at initial and follow-up tests. Experiment 2 replicated lasting misinformation and facilitation effects in recognition memory among 4- to 9-year-olds who were tested after 1-week and 10-month delays. We conclude that true and false reminders about an experienced event continue to affect children's memory approximately 1 year later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala London
- Department of Psychology/MS948, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Dion J, Cyr M. The use of the NICHD protocol to enhance the quantity of details obtained from children with low verbal abilities in investigative interviews: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2008; 17:144-162. [PMID: 19042243 DOI: 10.1080/10538710801916564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the impact of the NICHD protocol to enhance the quantity and content of details reported by children with low verbal abilities. Thirty-four children aged from 6 to 14 were interviewed following their experience of sexual abuse. Half the interviews were conducted using the NICHD protocol. Results indicate that NICHD interviews contained more open-ended prompts and more details overall. Open-ended invitations yielded significantly more detailed responses than did closed-ended questions for both children with low and average verbal abilities. Although children with low verbal abilities provided fewer details than children with average verbal abilities, the NICHD protocol helped them provide detailed responses containing the core elements of the sexual abuse.
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An examination of the first/second-grade form of the pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance: Factor structure and stability by grade and gender across groups of economically disadvantaged children. J Sch Psychol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Henry LA, Gudjonsson GH. Individual and developmental differences in eyewitness recall and suggestibility in children with intellectual disabilities. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ceci SJ, Bruck M. Children's suggestibility: characteristics and mechanisms. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2006; 34:247-81. [PMID: 17120807 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2407(06)80009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ceci
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
Building upon methods and research utilized with normative populations, we examine extant assumptions regarding the effects of child maltreatment on memory. The effects of stress on basic memory processes is examined, and potential neurobiological changes relevant to memory development are examined. The impact of maltreatment-related sequelae (including dissociation and depression) on basic memory processes as well as false memories and suggestibility are also outlined. Although there is a clear need for additional research, the investigations that do exist reveal that maltreated children's basic memory processes are not reliably different from that of other, nonmaltreated children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Howe
- Lancaster University, Department of Psychology, UK.
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Dion J, Cyr M, Richard N, McDuff P. [The influence of cognitive abilities, age and characteristics of their sexual abuse experience on the statement of the presumed victims]. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2006; 30:945-60. [PMID: 16930700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Revised: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of children's age, cognitive abilities and the characteristics of their sexual abuse experience on the quantity of details revealed about the sexual abuse in an investigative interview as a function of the type of questions asked. METHOD VERSION: Transcripts of 37 investigative interviews conducted with children between 6 and 12 years of age were analyzed according to the type of interviewer questions used and the quantity of details given by the child. The children's cognitive abilities were measured using the vocabulary, information and block design subtests of the WISC-III. RESULTS Results of multiple regression analyses indicate that children's age and verbal abilities as well as their relationship with the perpetrator explain 50% of the variance of the mean number of details obtained from the child following open-ended interviewer questions. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the quantity of details obtained during an investigative interview is influenced not only by children's age but also by their verbal skills and the child-perpetrator relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthe Dion
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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