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Fan Z, Shi X, Hu C, Zhu L, Wang Z. Reliability and Validity of Self-Concealment Scale in Chinese Older Adults. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4341-4352. [PMID: 37905165 PMCID: PMC10613443 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s434491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals who initiate the concealment of their adverse or distressing thoughts from others can trigger off negative psychological experiences and social isolation, and lead to poorer health. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Self-Concealment Scale (SCS) in Chinese older adults. Methods A questionnaire was administered to 1085 elderly people using convenience sampling and snowball sampling. Scales used included the SCS, Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Results The SCS consisted of 10 items with a one-dimensional structure, explaining 55.66% of the variance. The factor loading values for each item ranged from 0.68 to 0.75, and the covariance ranged from 0.46 to 0.57. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit (χ2/df=2.829, RMSEA=0.057, CFI=0.981, IFI=0.981, TLI=0.974, PNFI=0.712, PGFI=0.719). The criterion-related validity test found that the SCS was significantly and positively correlated with the RCBS, SIAS, SPS, ULS-8, K10, depression, and anxiety; and the SCS was significantly and negatively correlated with the DDI. The Cronbach's α coefficient value for the scale was 0.923; the split-half reliability coefficient value was 0.923. In addition, the SCS had cross-gender consistency. Conclusion The SCS has good reliability and validity in older adults and can be used as a valid tool to assess self-concealment among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Fan
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- School of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
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Pauling JD, Caetano J, Campochiaro C, De Luca G, Gheorghiu AM, Lazzaroni MG, Khanna D. Patient-reported outcome instruments in clinical trials of systemic sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:90-102. [PMID: 35382020 PMCID: PMC8922614 DOI: 10.1177/2397198319886496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Patient-reported outcome instruments provide valuable insight into disease-related morbidity known only to the patient and complement more objective outcome tools in the clinical trial setting. They are of particular importance in systemic sclerosis owing to the challenges around defining disease activity, the episodic nature of many disease-specific manifestations and the paucity of validated objective surrogate outcome measures for use in clinical trials. Early clinical trials of systemic sclerosis often incorporated legacy patient-reported outcome instruments, but the last 20 years has witnessed the emergence of several scleroderma-specific instruments that are now being routinely used alongside other outcomes in systemic sclerosis clinical trials. More recently, the value of patient-reported outcomes has been highlighted by their prominence in the American College of Rheumatology Combined Response Index for Systemic Sclerosis that has been utilized as the primary endpoint of recent clinical trials of early diffuse systemic sclerosis. This review considers the role and performance of the various patient-reported outcome instruments utilized in systemic sclerosis clinical trials, the current positioning of patient-reported outcome instruments within clinical trial endpoint models across the range of systemic sclerosis disease manifestations and, where applicable, we shall highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Pauling
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Joana Caetano
- Systemic Immune-Mediated Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine IV, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Gheorghiu
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Cantacuzino Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Grazia Lazzaroni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Daste C, Abdoul H, Foissac F, Papelard A, Alami S, Kwakkenbos L, Carrier ME, Lefèvre-Colau MM, Thombs BD, Poiraudeau S, Rannou F, Mouthon L, Nguyen C. Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure to assess activities and participation in people with systemic sclerosis: the Cochin 17-item Scleroderma Functional scale. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:710-718. [PMID: 32017013 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) aimed at assessing people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have rarely involved the target population in the item- and domain-generation stage of the instrument construction. OBJECTIVES To develop a new PROM assessing activities and participation in people with SSc. METHODS A provisional International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based 65-item questionnaire previously developed from interviews of people with SSc was sent by email to all patients followed in the internal medicine department of Cochin hospital (n = 184) and enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort. Items were reduced according to their metric properties. Dimensional structure of the questionnaire was assessed by principal component analysis, convergent and divergent validities by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, internal consistency by Cronbach's α, and reliability by a test-retest method using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Overall, 113 of 184 patients (61·4%) completed the provisional questionnaire. The item-reduction process resulted in a 17-item questionnaire, the Cochin 17-item Scleroderma Functional scale (CSF-17). Principal component analysis extracted two dimensions: 10 items related to mobility (CSF-17 section A) and seven items related to general tasks (CSF-17 section B). We observed convergent validity of the CSF-17 total score with global activity limitation, pain, depression and aesthetic burden, and divergent validity with anxiety. Cronbach's α was 0·94 for section A and 0·95 for section B. ICC (n = 25 patients) was 0·92 for the CSF-17 total score. Bland-Altman analysis did not reveal a systematic trend for the test-retest. CONCLUSIONS The CSF-17 is a new PROM assessing activities and participation specifically in people with SSc. Its content and construct validities are very high. What is already known about this topic? In the earliest stages of construction patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) for people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) rarely involve the target population. Instruments able to capture the specific needs of people with SSc in terms of activities and participation are lacking. What does this study add? The Cochin 17-item Scleroderma Functional Scale (CSF-17) is a new PROM assessing global activities and participation specifically in people with SSc. Patients' perspectives were prioritized at all stages of construction. What are the clinical implications of this work? The CSF-17 could be used in clinical practice and research to assess the efficacy of complex multidisciplinary interventions targeting activity limitations and participation restriction in people with SSc. Linked Comment: Clark and Denton. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:610.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Daste
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Médecine de Paris Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75004, Paris, France
| | - H Abdoul
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Centre d'Investigation Clinique Paris Descartes Necker/Cochin, Hôpital Tarnier, 75014, Paris, France
| | - F Foissac
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Centre d'Investigation Clinique Paris Descartes Necker/Cochin, Hôpital Tarnier, 75014, Paris, France.,EA 7323, Évaluation des Thérapeutiques et Pharmacologie Périnatale et Pédiatrique, 75014, Paris, France
| | - A Papelard
- AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - S Alami
- Cabinet d'Études Sociologiques Interlis, 75006, Paris, France
| | - L Kwakkenbos
- Behavioural Science Institute, Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M-E Carrier
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M-M Lefèvre-Colau
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Médecine de Paris Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75004, Paris, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le Handicap, 75013, Paris, France
| | - B D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health; Medicine; Psychology; and Educational and Counselling Psychology; and the Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Poiraudeau
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Médecine de Paris Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75004, Paris, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le Handicap, 75013, Paris, France
| | - F Rannou
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Médecine de Paris Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs (T3S), Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - L Mouthon
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Médecine de Paris Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence Maladies Systémiques Auto-Immunes Rares d'Île-de-France, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - C Nguyen
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Médecine de Paris Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris, Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs (T3S), Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
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Pauling JD, Saketkoo LA, Matucci-Cerinic M, Ingegnoli F, Khanna D. The patient experience of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019. [PMID: 29538754 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RP is the most common manifestation of SSc and a major cause of disease-related morbidity. This review provides a detailed appraisal of the patient experience of SSc-RP and potential implications for disease classification, patient-reported outcome instrument development and SSc-RP clinical trial design. The review explores the clinical features of SSc-RP, the severity and burden of SSc-RP symptoms and the impact of SSc-RP on function, work and social participation, body image dissatisfaction and health-related quality of life in SSc. Where management of SSc-RP is concerned, the review focuses on the 'patient experience' of interventions for SSc-RP, examining geographic variation in clinical practice and potential barriers to the adoption of treatment recommendations concerning best-practice management of SSc-RP. Knowledge gaps are highlighted that could form the focus of future research. A more thorough understanding of the patient experience could support the development of novel reported outcome instruments for assessing SSc-RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Pauling
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (part of Royal United Hospitals), Upper Borough Walls, Bath, UK
| | - Lesley Ann Saketkoo
- School of Medicine, University of Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Gholizadeh S, Meier A, Malcarne VL. Measuring and managing appearance anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:341-346. [PMID: 30681381 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1573673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a progressive, autoimmune, connective tissue disease of unknown etiology that can cause changes in appearance in socially important areas of the body (e.g. face and hands). Social concerns related to changes in appearance can contribute to anxiety specific to situations where one's appearance will be evaluated, or appearance anxiety. Appearance anxiety is a relevant but underexplored construct in SSc. Areas covered: We review the current knowledge on appearance anxiety in SSc, including assessment of the construct and interventions. Relevant references in the field were obtained through a literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed and PsycINFO for articles published through September 2018. Expert commentary: There is a dearth of research in the SSc literature examining the construct of appearance anxiety. A growing interest in appearance anxiety in SSc has led to several relevant measures being validated in this population, including the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Important areas for future research are the development of interventions to address appearance anxiety and the use of randomized controlled trials to evaluate these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Gholizadeh
- a Department of Psychiatry , McGill University , Montréal , Canada.,b Department of Psychology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Annie Meier
- b Department of Psychology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Vanessa L Malcarne
- b Department of Psychology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry , SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA
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Jewett LR, Kwakkenbos L, Hudson M, Baron M, Thombs BD. Assessment of English-French differential item functioning of the Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (SWAP) in systemic sclerosis. Body Image 2017; 22:97-102. [PMID: 28711486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (SWAP) has been used to assess body image distress among people with the rare and disfiguring disease systemic sclerosis (SSc); however, it has not been validated across different languages groups. The objective was to examine differential item functioning of the SWAP among 856 Canadian English- or French-speaking SSc patients. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the SWAP two-factor structure (Dissatisfaction with Appearance and Social Discomfort). The Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause model was utilized to assess differential item functioning. Results revealed that the established two-factor model of the SWAP demonstrated relatively good fit. Statistically significant, but small-magnitude differential item functioning was found for three SWAP items based on language; however, the cumulative effect on SWAP scores was negligible. Findings provided empirical evidence that SWAP scores from Canadian English- and French-speaking patients can be compared and pooled without concern that measurement differences may substantially influence results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Jewett
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Linda Kwakkenbos
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Behavioural Science Institute, Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marie Hudson
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Murray Baron
- McGill University and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Departments of Educational and Counselling Psychology; Psychiatry; Medicine; Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health; and Psychology, McGill University and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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