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Song Y, Wei D, Raza SHA, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Song X, Wu H, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Ma Y. Research progress of intramuscular fat formation based on co-culture. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3216-3236. [PMID: 36200856 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in vitro, cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in vivo during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in vitro closer to the real level in vivo. This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Yiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
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Hue I, Capilla E, Rosell-Moll E, Balbuena-Pecino S, Goffette V, Gabillard JC, Navarro I. Recent advances in the crosstalk between adipose, muscle and bone tissues in fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1155202. [PMID: 36998471 PMCID: PMC10043431 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1155202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of tissue metabolism and growth involves interactions between organs, tissues, and cell types, mediated by cytokines or direct communication through cellular exchanges. Indeed, over the past decades, many peptides produced by adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and bone named adipokines, myokines and osteokines respectively, have been identified in mammals playing key roles in organ/tissue development and function. Some of them are released into the circulation acting as classical hormones, but they can also act locally showing autocrine/paracrine effects. In recent years, some of these cytokines have been identified in fish models of biomedical or agronomic interest. In this review, we will present their state of the art focusing on local actions and inter-tissue effects. Adipokines reported in fish adipocytes include adiponectin and leptin among others. We will focus on their structure characteristics, gene expression, receptors, and effects, in the adipose tissue itself, mainly regulating cell differentiation and metabolism, but in muscle and bone as target tissues too. Moreover, lipid metabolites, named lipokines, can also act as signaling molecules regulating metabolic homeostasis. Regarding myokines, the best documented in fish are myostatin and the insulin-like growth factors. This review summarizes their characteristics at a molecular level, and describes both, autocrine effects and interactions with adipose tissue and bone. Nonetheless, our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of action of many of these cytokines is still largely incomplete in fish, especially concerning osteokines (i.e., osteocalcin), whose potential cross talking roles remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, by using selective breeding or genetic tools, the formation of a specific tissue can be altered, highlighting the consequences on other tissues, and allowing the identification of communication signals. The specific effects of identified cytokines validated through in vitro models or in vivo trials will be described. Moreover, future scientific fronts (i.e., exosomes) and tools (i.e., co-cultures, organoids) for a better understanding of inter-organ crosstalk in fish will also be presented. As a final consideration, further identification of molecules involved in inter-tissue communication will open new avenues of knowledge in the control of fish homeostasis, as well as possible strategies to be applied in aquaculture or biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hue
- Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, UR1037, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Rennes, France
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Rosell-Moll
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentine Goffette
- Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, UR1037, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gabillard
- Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, UR1037, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Rennes, France
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Banerjee D, Singh YP, Datta P, Ozbolat V, O'Donnell A, Yeo M, Ozbolat IT. Strategies for 3D bioprinting of spheroids: A comprehensive review. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The next robotics frontier will be led by biohybrids. Capable biohybrid robots require microfluidics to sustain, improve, and scale the architectural complexity of their core ingredient: biological tissues. Advances in microfluidics have already revolutionized disease modeling and drug development, and are positioned to impact regenerative medicine but have yet to apply to biohybrids. Fusing microfluidics with living materials will improve tissue perfusion and maturation, and enable precise patterning of sensing, processing, and control elements. This perspective suggests future developments in advanced biohybrids.
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Bomkamp C, Skaalure SC, Fernando GF, Ben‐Arye T, Swartz EW, Specht EA. Scaffolding Biomaterials for 3D Cultivated Meat: Prospects and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102908. [PMID: 34786874 PMCID: PMC8787436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cultivating meat from stem cells rather than by raising animals is a promising solution to concerns about the negative externalities of meat production. For cultivated meat to fully mimic conventional meat's organoleptic and nutritional properties, innovations in scaffolding technology are required. Many scaffolding technologies are already developed for use in biomedical tissue engineering. However, cultivated meat production comes with a unique set of constraints related to the scale and cost of production as well as the necessary attributes of the final product, such as texture and food safety. This review discusses the properties of vertebrate skeletal muscle that will need to be replicated in a successful product and the current state of scaffolding innovation within the cultivated meat industry, highlighting promising scaffold materials and techniques that can be applied to cultivated meat development. Recommendations are provided for future research into scaffolds capable of supporting the growth of high-quality meat while minimizing production costs. Although the development of appropriate scaffolds for cultivated meat is challenging, it is also tractable and provides novel opportunities to customize meat properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
| | | | | | - Tom Ben‐Arye
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
| | - Elliot W. Swartz
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
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The Development of Biomimetic Aligned Skeletal Muscles in a Fully 3D Printed Microfluidic Device. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 7:biomimetics7010002. [PMID: 35076457 PMCID: PMC8788470 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skeletal muscles are characterized by a unique aligned microstructure of myotubes which is important for their function as well as for their homeostasis. Thus, the recapitulation of the aligned microstructure of skeletal muscles is crucial for the construction of an advanced biomimetic model aimed at drug development applications. Here, we have developed a 3D printed micropatterned microfluid device (3D-PMMD) through the employment of a fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printer and clear filaments made of biocompatible polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). We could fabricate micropatterns through the adjustment of the printing deposition heights of PETG filaments, leading to the generation of aligned half-cylinder-shaped micropatterns in a dimension range from 100 µm to 400 µm in width and from 60 µm to 150 µm in height, respectively. Moreover, we could grow and expand C2C12 mouse myoblast cells on 3D-PMMD where cells could differentiate into aligned bundles of myotubes with respect to the dimension of each micropattern. Furthermore, our platform was applicable with the electrical pulses stimulus (EPS) modality where we noticed an improvement in myotubes maturation under the EPS conditions, indicating the potential use of the 3D-PMMD for biological experiments as well as for myogenic drug development applications in the future.
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Acosta FM, Jia UTA, Stojkova K, Howland KK, Guda T, Pacelli S, Brey EM, Rathbone CR. Diabetic Conditions Confer Metabolic and Structural Modifications to Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:549-560. [PMID: 32878567 PMCID: PMC8126424 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that is directly involved in the progression and persistence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a disease that is becoming increasingly common. Gaining better insight into the mechanisms that are affecting skeletal muscle dysfunction in the context of T2D has the potential to lead to novel treatments for a large number of patients. Through its ability to emulate skeletal muscle architecture while also incorporating aspects of disease, tissue-engineered skeletal muscle (TE-SkM) has the potential to provide a means for rapid high-throughput discovery of therapies to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction, to include that which occurs with T2D. Muscle precursor cells isolated from lean or obese male Zucker diabetic fatty rats were used to generate TE-SkM constructs. Some constructs were treated with adipogenic induction media to accentuate the presence of adipocytes that is a characteristic feature of T2D skeletal muscle. The maturity (compaction and creatine kinase activity), mechanical integrity (Young's modulus), organization (myotube orientation), and metabolic capacity (insulin-stimulated glucose uptake) were all reduced by diabetes. Treating constructs with adipogenic induction media increased the quantity of lipid within the diabetic TE-SkM constructs, and caused changes in construct compaction, cell orientation, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both lean and diabetic samples. Collectively, the findings herein suggest that the recapitulation of structural and metabolic aspects of T2D can be accomplished by engineering skeletal muscle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - U-Ter Aonda Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kennedy K. Howland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Shahin-Shamsabadi A, Selvaganapathy PR. Engineering Murine Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells in Meat-like Constructs Using Self-Assembled Layer-by-Layer Biofabrication: A Platform for Development of Cultivated Meat. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:304-312. [PMID: 33440375 DOI: 10.1159/000511764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global meat consumption has been growing on a per capita basis over the past 20 years resulting in ever-increasing devotion of resources in the form of arable land and potable water to animal husbandry which is unsustainable and inefficient. One approach to meet this insatiable demand is to use biofabrication methods used in tissue engineering in order to make skeletal muscle tissue-like constructs known as cultivated meat to be used as a food source. Here, we demonstrate the use of a scaffold-free biofabrication method that forms cell sheets composed of murine adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells and assembles these sheets in parallel to create a 3D meat-like construct without the use of any exogenous materials. This layer-by-layer self-assembly and stacking process is fast (4 days of culture to form sheets and few hours for assembly) and scalable (stable sheets with diameters >3 cm are formed). Tissues formed with only muscle cells were equivalent to lean meat with comparable protein and fat contents (lean beef had 1.5 and 0.9 times protein and fat, respectively, as our constructs) and incorporating adipocyte cells in different ratios to myoblasts and/or treatment with different media cocktails resulted in a 5% (low fat meat) to 35% (high fat meat) increase in the fat content. Not only such constructs can be used as cultivated meat, they can also be used as skeletal muscle models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
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Adipose and Muscle Cell Co-Culture System: A Novel In Vitro Tool to Mimic the In Vivo Cellular Environment. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:biology10010006. [PMID: 33374127 PMCID: PMC7823969 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A co-culture system allows researchers to investigate the complex interactions between two cell types under various environments, such as those that promote differentiation and growth as well as those that mimic healthy and diseased states, in vitro. In this paper, we review the most common co-culture systems for myocytes and adipocytes. The in vitro techniques mimic the in vivo environment and are used to investigate the causal relationships between different cell lines. Here, we briefly discuss mono-culture and co-culture cell systems and their applicability to the study of communication between two or more cell types, including adipocytes and myocytes. Also, we provide details about the different types of co-culture systems and their applicability to the study of metabolic disease, drug development, and the role of secretory factors in cell signaling cascades. Therefore, this review provides details about the co-culture systems used to study the complex interactions between adipose and muscle cells in various environments, such as those that promote cell differentiation and growth and those used for drug development.
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