1
|
Shkarina K, Broz P. Selective induction of programmed cell death using synthetic biology tools. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:74-92. [PMID: 37598045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) controls the removal of dispensable, infected or malignant cells, and is thus essential for development, homeostasis and immunity of multicellular organisms. Over the last years different forms of RCD have been described (among them apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis), and the cellular signaling pathways that control their induction and execution have been characterized at the molecular level. It has also become apparent that different forms of RCD differ in their capacity to elicit inflammation or an immune response, and that RCD pathways show a remarkable plasticity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that inhibition of a given pathway often results in the activation of back-up cell death mechanisms, highlighting close interconnectivity based on shared signaling components and the assembly of multivalent signaling platforms that can initiate different forms of RCD. Due to this interconnectivity and the pleiotropic effects of 'classical' cell death inducers, it is challenging to study RCD pathways in isolation. This has led to the development of tools based on synthetic biology that allow the targeted induction of RCD using chemogenetic or optogenetic methods. Here we discuss recent advances in the development of such toolset, highlighting their advantages and limitations, and their application for the study of RCD in cells and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Shkarina
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takada A, Asano T, Nakahama KI, Ono T, Nakata T, Ishii T. Development of an optogenetics tool, Opto-RANK, for control of osteoclast differentiation using blue light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1749. [PMID: 38242937 PMCID: PMC10799070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics enables precise regulation of intracellular signaling in target cells. However, the application of optogenetics to induce the differentiation of precursor cells and generate mature cells with specific functions has not yet been fully explored. Here, we focused on osteoclasts, which play an important role in bone remodeling, to develop a novel optogenetics tool, Opto-RANK, which can manipulate intracellular signals involved in osteoclast differentiation and maturation using blue light. We engineered Opto-RANK variants, Opto-RANKc and Opto-RANKm, and generated stable cell lines through retroviral transduction. Differentiation was induced by blue light, and various assays were conducted for functional analysis. Osteoclast precursor cells expressing Opto-RANK differentiated into multinucleated giant cells on light exposure and displayed upregulation of genes normally induced in differentiated osteoclasts. Furthermore, the differentiated cells exhibited bone-resorbing activities, with the possibility of spatial control of the resorption by targeted light illumination. These results suggested that Opto-RANK cells differentiated by light possess the features of osteoclasts, both morphological and functional. Thus, Opto-RANK should be useful for detailed spatiotemporal analysis of intracellular signaling during osteoclast differentiation and the development of new therapies for various bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Takada
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Asano
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takao Nakata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- The Center for Brain Integration Research (CBIR), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Present Address: Center for Integrative Biosciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Landau LM, Kagan JC. Beyond natural biology: rewiring cellular networks to study innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102349. [PMID: 37269786 PMCID: PMC10526630 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Within immune cells, microbial and self-ligands trigger pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to nucleate and activate the signaling organelles of the immune system. Much work in this area has derived from observational biology of natural innate immune signaling. More recently, synthetic biology approaches have been used to rewire and study innate immune networks. By utilizing controllable chemical or optogenetic inputs, rearranging protein building blocks, or engineering signal recording circuits, synthetic biology-based techniques complement and inform studies of natural immune pathway operation. In this review, we describe recent synthetic biology-based approaches that have uncovered new insights into PRR signaling, virus-host interactions, and systemic cytokine responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Landau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sušjan-Leite P, Ramuta TŽ, Boršić E, Orehek S, Hafner-Bratkovič I. Supramolecular organizing centers at the interface of inflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940969. [PMID: 35979366 PMCID: PMC9377691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involves the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. These deposits are both directly toxic to neurons, invoking loss of cell connectivity and cell death, and recognized by innate sensors that upon activation release neurotoxic cytokines, chemokines, and various reactive species. This neuroinflammation is propagated through signaling cascades where activated sensors/receptors, adaptors, and effectors associate into multiprotein complexes known as supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the SMOCs, involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, such as myddosomes, inflammasomes, and necrosomes, their assembly, and evidence for their involvement in common neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the multifaceted role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neurodegeneration. Recent progress in the understanding of particular SMOC participation in common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease offers novel therapeutic strategies for currently absent disease-modifying treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sušjan-Leite
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elvira Boršić
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution. Following the initial discovery of microbial opsins as light-actuated ion channels, a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths has ushered in the next chapter of optogenetics. Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically-encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo. Here, we summarize these optogenetic tools on the basis of their fundamental photochemical properties to better inform the chemical basis and design principles. We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology"), and describe the current progress, as well as future trends, in wireless optogenetics, which enables remote interrogation of physiological processes with minimal invasiveness. This review is anticipated to spark novel thoughts on engineering next-generation optogenetic tools and devices that promise to accelerate both basic and translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|