1
|
Chung SJ, Hadrick K, Nafiujjaman M, Apu EH, Hill ML, Nurunnabi M, Contag CH, Kim T. Targeted Biodegradable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Colorectal Cancer Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38574012 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., and early detection and diagnosis are essential for effective treatment. Current methods are inadequate for rapid detection of early disease, revealing flat lesions, and delineating tumor margins with accuracy and molecular specificity. Fluorescence endoscopy can generate wide field-of-view images enabling detection of CRC lesions and margins; increased signal intensity and improved signal-to-noise ratios can increase both speed and sensitivity of cancer detection. For this purpose, we developed targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNs). We tuned their size to 50-200 nm and conjugated their surface with an antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to prepare CEA-FSNs. The physicochemical properties and biodegradable profiles of CEA-FSN were characterized, and molecular targeting was verified in culture using HT29 (CEA positive) and HCT116 (CEA negative) cells. CEA-FSNs bound to the HT29 cells to a greater extent than to the HCT116 cells, and smaller CEA-FSNs were internalized into HT29 cells more efficiently than larger CEA-FSNs. After intravenous administration of CEA-FSNs, a significantly greater signal was observed from the CEA-positive HT29 than the CEA-negative HCT116 tumors in xenografted mice. In F344-PIRC rats, polyps in the intestine were detected by white-light endoscopy, and NIR fluorescent signals were found in the excised intestinal tissue after topical application of CEA-FSNs. Immunofluorescence imaging of excised tissue sections demonstrated that the particle signals coregistered with signals for both CRC and CEA. These results indicate that CEA-FSNs have potential as a molecular imaging marker for early diagnosis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seock-Jin Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kay Hadrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Md Nafiujjaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Meghan L Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yue NN, Xu HM, Xu J, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Yao J, Liang YJ, Li DF, Wang LS. Application of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Complete Future Perspective. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4143-4170. [PMID: 37525691 PMCID: PMC10387254 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s413141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases currently relies primarily on invasive procedures like digestive endoscopy. However, these procedures can cause discomfort, respiratory issues, and bacterial infections in patients, both during and after the examination. In recent years, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising field, providing significant advancements in diagnostic techniques. Nanoprobes, in particular, offer distinct advantages, such as high specificity and sensitivity in detecting GI diseases. Integration of nanoprobes with advanced imaging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, optical fluorescence imaging, tomography, and optical correlation tomography, has significantly enhanced the detection capabilities for GI tumors and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This synergy enables early diagnosis and precise staging of GI disorders. Among the nanoparticles investigated for clinical applications, superparamagnetic iron oxide, quantum dots, single carbon nanotubes, and nanocages have emerged as extensively studied and utilized agents. This review aimed to provide insights into the potential applications of nanoparticles in modern imaging techniques, with a specific focus on their role in facilitating early and specific diagnosis of a range of GI disorders, including IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, we discussed the challenges associated with the implementation of nanotechnology-based GI diagnostics and explored future prospects for translation in this promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-ning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amirshaghaghi A, Chang WC, Chhay B, Bartolomeu AR, Clapper ML, Cheng Z, Tsourkas A. Phthalocyanine-Blue Nanoparticles for the Direct Visualization of Tumors with White Light Illumination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:33373-33381. [PMID: 37395349 PMCID: PMC10724988 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The current standard of care for colon cancer surveillance relies heavily on white light endoscopy (WLE). However, dysplastic lesions that are not visible to the naked eye are often missed when conventional WLE equipment is used. Although dye-based chromoendoscopy shows promise, current dyes cannot delineate tumor tissues from surrounding healthy tissues accurately. The goal of the present study was to screen various phthalocyanine (PC) dye-loaded micelles for their ability to improve the direct visualization of tumor tissues under white light following intravenous administration. Zinc PC (tetra-tert-butyl)-loaded micelles were identified as the optimal formulation. Their accumulation within syngeneic breast tumors led the tumors to turn dark blue in color, making them clearly visible to the naked eye. These micelles were similarly able to turn spontaneous colorectal adenomas in Apc+/Min mice a dark blue color for easy identification and could enable clinicians to more effectively detect and remove colonic polyps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amirshaghaghi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Bonirath Chhay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ariane R. Bartolomeu
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Margie L. Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schaaf CR, Polkoff KM, Carter A, Stewart AS, Sheahan B, Freund J, Ginzel J, Snyder JC, Roper J, Piedrahita JA, Gonzalez LM. A LGR5 reporter pig model closely resembles human intestine for improved study of stem cells in disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22975. [PMID: 37159340 PMCID: PMC10446885 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300223r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial stem cells (ISCs) are responsible for intestinal epithelial barrier renewal; thereby, ISCs play a critical role in intestinal pathophysiology research. While transgenic ISC reporter mice are available, advanced translational studies lack a large animal model. This study validates ISC isolation in a new porcine Leucine Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 (LGR5) reporter line and demonstrates the use of these pigs as a novel colorectal cancer (CRC) model. We applied histology, immunofluorescence, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, flow cytometry, gene expression quantification, and 3D organoid cultures to whole tissue and single cells from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of LGR5-H2B-GFP and wild-type pigs. Ileum and colon LGR5-H2B-GFP, healthy human, and murine biopsies were compared by mRNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). To model CRC, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation was induced by CRISPR/Cas9 editing in porcine LGR5-H2B-GFP colonoids. Crypt-base, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing cells co-localized with ISC biomarkers. LGR5-H2B-GFPhi cells had significantly higher LGR5 expression (p < .01) and enteroid forming efficiency (p < .0001) compared with LGR5-H2B-GFPmed/lo/neg cells. Using FISH, similar LGR5, OLFM4, HOPX, LYZ, and SOX9 expression was identified between human and LGR5-H2B-GFP pig crypt-base cells. LGR5-H2B-GFP/APCnull colonoids had cystic growth in WNT/R-spondin-depleted media and significantly upregulated WNT/β-catenin target gene expression (p < .05). LGR5+ ISCs are reproducibly isolated in LGR5-H2B-GFP pigs and used to model CRC in an organoid platform. The known anatomical and physiologic similarities between pig and human, and those shown by crypt-base FISH, underscore the significance of this novel LGR5-H2B-GFP pig to translational ISC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia R. Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kathryn M. Polkoff
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Amber Carter
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Amy S. Stewart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Breanna Sheahan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John Freund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joshua Ginzel
- Department of SurgeryDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joshua C. Snyder
- Department of SurgeryDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jorge A. Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Liara M. Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stibbe JA, Hoogland P, Achterberg FB, Holman DR, Sojwal RS, Burggraaf J, Vahrmeijer AL, Nagengast WB, Rogalla S. Highlighting the Undetectable - Fluorescence Molecular Imaging in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:18-35. [PMID: 35764908 PMCID: PMC9971088 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flexible high-definition white-light endoscopy is the current gold standard in screening for cancer and its precursor lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. However, miss rates are high, especially in populations at high risk for developing gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, Lynch syndrome, or Barrett's esophagus) where lesions tend to be flat and subtle. Fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) enables intraluminal visualization of (pre)malignant lesions based on specific biomolecular features rather than morphology by using fluorescently labeled molecular probes that bind to specific molecular targets. This strategy has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for the clinician to improve endoscopic lesion detection and real-time clinical decision-making. This narrative review presents an overview of recent advances in FME, focusing on probe development, techniques, and clinical evidence. Future perspectives will also be addressed, such as the use of FME in patient stratification for targeted therapies and potential alliances with artificial intelligence. KEY MESSAGES: • Fluorescence molecular endoscopy is a relatively new technology that enables safe and real-time endoscopic lesion visualization based on specific molecular features rather than on morphology, thereby adding a layer of information to endoscopy, like in PET-CT imaging. • Recently the transition from preclinical to clinical studies has been made, with promising results regarding enhancing detection of flat and subtle lesions in the colon and esophagus. However, clinical evidence needs to be strengthened by larger patient studies with stratified study designs. • In the future fluorescence molecular endoscopy could serve as a valuable tool in clinical workflows to improve detection in high-risk populations like patients with Barrett's esophagus, Lynch syndrome, and inflammatory bowel syndrome, where flat and subtle lesions tend to be malignant up to five times more often. • Fluorescence molecular endoscopy has the potential to assess therapy responsiveness in vivo for targeted therapies, thereby playing a role in personalizing medicine. • To further reduce high miss rates due to human and technical factors, joint application of artificial intelligence and fluorescence molecular endoscopy are likely to generate added value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Stibbe
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Hoogland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Friso B Achterberg
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Derek R Holman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raoul S Sojwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter B Nagengast
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephan Rogalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salvermoser L, Flisikowski K, Dressel-Böhm S, Nytko KJ, Rohrer Bley C, Schnieke A, Samt AK, Thölke D, Lennartz P, Schwab M, Wang F, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Multhoff G. Elevated circulating Hsp70 levels are correlative for malignancies in different mammalian species. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:105-118. [PMID: 36399258 PMCID: PMC9877270 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Hsp70 levels were determined in feline and porcine cohorts using two different ELISA systems. These comparative animal models of larger organisms often reflect diseases, and especially malignant tumors, better than conventional rodent models. It is therefore essential to investigate the biology and utility of tumor biomarkers in animals such as cats and pigs. In this study, levels of free Hsp70 in the blood of cats with spontaneously occurring tumors were detected using a commercial Hsp70 ELISA (R&D Systems). Sub-analysis of different tumor groups revealed that animals with tumors of epithelial origin presented with significantly elevated circulating Hsp70 concentrations. In addition to free Hsp70 levels measured with the R&D Systems Hsp70 ELISA, levels of exosomal Hsp70 were determined using the compHsp70 ELISA in pigs. Both ELISA systems detected significantly elevated Hsp70 levels (R&D Systems: median 24.9 ng/mL; compHsp70: median 44.2 ng/mL) in the blood of a cohort of APC1311/+ pigs diagnosed with high-grade adenoma polyps, and the R&D Systems Hsp70 ELISA detected also elevated Hsp70 levels in animals with low-grade polyps. In contrast, in flTP53R167H pigs, suffering from malignant osteosarcoma, the compHsp70 ELISA (median 674.32 ng/mL), but not the R&D Systems Hsp70 ELISA (median 4.78 ng/mL), determined significantly elevated Hsp70 concentrations, indicating that in tumor-bearing animals, the dominant form of Hsp70 is of exosomal origin. Our data suggest that both ELISA systems are suitable for detecting free circulating Hsp70 levels in pigs with high-grade adenoma, but only the compHsp70 ELISA can measure elevated, tumor-derived exosomal Hsp70 levels in tumor-bearing animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Salvermoser
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Live Sciences, Technische Universität München (TUM), Liesel-Beckmannstr 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Susann Dressel-Böhm
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr 258C, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna J Nytko
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr 258C, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr 258C, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Livestock Biotechnology, School of Live Sciences, Technische Universität München (TUM), Liesel-Beckmannstr 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Samt
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Thölke
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Lennartz
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Schwab
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Fei Wang
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische, Universität München (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts Der IsarEinsteinstr 25, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reichinger D, Reithofer M, Hohagen M, Drinic M, Tobias J, Wiedermann U, Kleitz F, Jahn-Schmid B, Becker CFW. A Biomimetic, Silaffin R5-Based Antigen Delivery Platform. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010121. [PMID: 36678751 PMCID: PMC9866965 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature offers a wide range of evolutionary optimized materials that combine unique properties with intrinsic biocompatibility and that can be exploited as biomimetic materials. The R5 and RRIL peptides employed here are derived from silaffin proteins that play a crucial role in the biomineralization of marine diatom silica shells and are also able to form silica materials in vitro. Here, we demonstrate the application of biomimetic silica particles as a vaccine delivery and adjuvant platform by linking the precipitating peptides R5 and the RRIL motif to a variety of peptide antigens. The resulting antigen-loaded silica particles combine the advantages of biomaterial-based vaccines with the proven intracellular uptake of silica particles. These particles induce NETosis in human neutrophils as well as IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reichinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Reithofer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariam Hohagen
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry–Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Drinic
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joshua Tobias
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry–Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han P, Zhang L, Fu Y, Fu Y, Huang J, He J, Ni P, Khan T, Jiao Y, Yang Z, Zhou R. A dual-response drug delivery system with X-ray and ROS to boost the anti-tumor efficiency of TPZ via enhancement of tumor hypoxia levels. NANOSCALE 2022; 15:237-247. [PMID: 36472214 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The selective anti-tumor activity and less toxic nature of hypoxia-activated prodrugs including tirapazamine (TPZ) are harbored by hypoxia levels in tumors, the inadequacy of which leads to failure in clinical trials. Thus, the development of effective clinical applications of TPZ requires advanced strategies to intensify hypoxia levels in tumors effectively and safely. In this study, we designed and fabricated a paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded dual-response delivery system with a low dose (e.g., 2 Gy) of X-ray and reactive oxygen species on the basis of diselenide block copolymers. Upon the external X-ray stimulus, the system accurately released encapsulated PTX at tumor sites and remarkably improved tumor hypoxia levels by causing severe damage to tumor blood vessels. Subsequently, these enhanced tumor hypoxia levels effectively activated the reduction of TPZ into benzotriazinyl free radicals, which significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of our system against 4T1 breast cancer cells with an initial tumor volume of 500 mm3. Moreover, the dual-stimulus coordinated and controlled release of PTX was found to largely avoid the off-target effects of PTX on normal cells while exhibiting very limited side effects in experimental mice. The current novel strategy for regulating tumor hypoxia levels offers an effective and safe way to activate TPZ for the treatment of large solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yaqi Fu
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Youyu Fu
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jianxiang Huang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng S, Gu J, Jiang Z, Cao Y, Mao F, Xue Y, Wang J, Dai K, Qin L, Liu K, Wu K, He Q, Cai K. Application of nanotechnology in the early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:415. [PMID: 36109734 PMCID: PMC9479390 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a common malignant tumour of the digestive system that seriously threatens human health. Due to the unique organ structure of the gastrointestinal tract, endoscopic and MRI diagnoses of GIC in the clinic share the problem of low sensitivity. The ineffectiveness of drugs and high recurrence rates in surgical and drug therapies are the main factors that impact the curative effect in GIC patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve diagnostic accuracies and treatment efficiencies. Nanotechnology is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of GIC by virtue of its unique size advantages and extensive modifiability. In the diagnosis and treatment of clinical GIC, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles, electrochemical nanobiosensors and magnetic nanoparticles, intraoperative imaging nanoparticles, drug delivery systems and other multifunctional nanoparticles have successfully improved the diagnosis and treatment of GIC. It is important to further improve the coordinated development of nanotechnology and GIC diagnosis and treatment. Herein, starting from the clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIC, this review summarizes which nanotechnologies have been applied in clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIC in recent years, and which cannot be applied in clinical practice. We also point out which challenges must be overcome by nanotechnology in the development of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIC and discuss how to quickly and safely combine the latest nanotechnology developed in the laboratory with clinical applications. Finally, we hope that this review can provide valuable reference information for researchers who are conducting cross-research on GIC and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Junnan Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Fuwei Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Qianyuan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Neither Hot nor Cold. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174236. [PMID: 36077772 PMCID: PMC9454892 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we discuss the current understanding of pro- and anticancer immune responses in the tumor immune microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We describe the duality and complexity of immune cell functions in the tumor microenvironment and also illustrate therapeutic approaches that modulate the antitumor immune response. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic tumor and is associated with poor prognosis and treatment response. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is recognized as an important factor in metastatic progression across cancers. Despite extensive study of the TME in PDAC, the cellular and molecular signaling networks remain poorly understood, largely due to the tremendous heterogeneity across tumors. While earlier work characterized PDAC as an immunologically privileged tumor poorly recognized by the immune system, recent studies revealed the important and nuanced roles of immune cells in the pathogenesis of PDAC. Distinct lymphoid, myeloid, and stromal cell types in the TME exert opposing influences on PDAC tumor trajectory, suggesting a more complex organization than the classical “hot” versus “cold” tumor distinction. We review the pro- and antitumor immune processes found in PDAC and briefly discuss their leverage for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in the field.
Collapse
|
11
|
Saur D, Schnieke A. Porcine cancer models for clinical translation. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:375-376. [PMID: 35302113 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Saur
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schaaf CR, Gonzalez LM. Use of Translational, Genetically Modified Porcine Models to Ultimately Improve Intestinal Disease Treatment. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:878952. [PMID: 35669174 PMCID: PMC9164269 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.878952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For both human and veterinary patients, non-infectious intestinal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. To improve treatment of intestinal disease, large animal models are increasingly recognized as critical tools to translate the basic science discoveries made in rodent models into clinical application. Large animal intestinal models, particularly porcine, more closely resemble human anatomy, physiology, and disease pathogenesis; these features make them critical to the pre-clinical study of intestinal disease treatments. Previously, large animal model use has been somewhat precluded by the lack of genetically altered large animals to mechanistically investigate non-infectious intestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, cystic fibrosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, recent advances and increased availability of gene editing technologies has led to both novel use of large animal models in clinically relevant intestinal disease research and improved testing of potential therapeutics for these diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Troya J, Krenzer A, Flisikowski K, Sudarevic B, Banck M, Hann A, Puppe F, Meining A. New concept for colonoscopy including side optics and artificial intelligence. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:794-798. [PMID: 34929183 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adenoma detection rate is the crucial parameter for colorectal cancer screening. Increasing the field of view with additional side optics has been reported to detect flat adenomas hidden behind folds. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) has also recently been introduced to detect more adenomas. We therefore aimed to combine both technologies in a new prototypic colonoscopy concept. METHODS A 3-dimensional-printed cap including 2 microcameras was attached to a conventional endoscope. The prototype was applied in 8 gene-targeted pigs with mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. The first 4 animals were used to train an AI system based on the images generated by microcameras. Thereafter, the conceptual prototype for detecting adenomas was tested in a further series of 4 pigs. RESULTS Using our prototype, we detected, with side optics, adenomas that might have been missed conventionally. Furthermore, the newly developed AI could detect, mark, and present adenomas visualized with side optics outside of the conventional field of view. CONCLUSIONS Combining AI with side optics might help detect adenomas that otherwise might have been missed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Troya
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy (InExEn), Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Krenzer
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy (InExEn), Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Systems, Institute for Computer Science, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie der Nutztiere, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Boban Sudarevic
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy (InExEn), Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Banck
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy (InExEn), Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Systems, Institute for Computer Science, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hann
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy (InExEn), Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Puppe
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Systems, Institute for Computer Science, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Meining
- Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy (InExEn), Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ehrenfeld M, Schrade A, Flisikowska T, Perl M, Hirsch ND, Sichler A, Geyer L, Flisikowski K, Wilhelm D, Schober SJ, Johannes L, Schnieke A, Janssen KP. Tumor targeting with bacterial Shiga toxin B-subunit in genetic porcine models for colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:686-699. [PMID: 35086950 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The B-subunit of bacterial Shiga toxin (STxB) is non-toxic and has low immunogenicity. Its receptor, the glycosphingolipid Gb3/CD77, is overexpressed on the cell surface of human colorectal cancer (CRC). We tested whether genetic porcine models, closely resembling human anatomy and pathophysiology, can be used to exploit the tumor targeting potential of STxB. In accordance with findings on human CRC, the pig model APC1311 bound STxB in colorectal tumors, but not in normal colon or jejunum, except for putative enteroendocrine cells. In primary tumor cells from endoscopic biopsies, STxB was rapidly taken up along the retrograde intracellular route to the Golgi, whereas normal colon organoids did not bind or internalize STxB. Next, we tested a porcine model (TP53LSL-R167H) for osteosarcoma, a tumor entity with a dismal prognosis and insufficient treatment options, hitherto not known to express Gb3. Pig osteosarcoma strongly bound StxB and expressed the Gb3-synthase A4GALT. Primary osteosarcoma cells, but not normal osteoblasts, rapidly internalized fluorescently labelled STxB along the retrograde route to the Golgi. Importantly, six out of eight human osteosarcoma cell lines expressed A4GALT mRNA and showed prominent intracellular uptake of STxB. The physiological role of A4GALT was tested by Crispr/Cas9-mutagenesis in porcine LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cells and RNA interference in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. A4GALT-deficiency or knock-down abolished STxB uptake and led to significantly reduced cell migration and proliferation, hinting towards a putative tumor-promoting role of Gb3. Thus, pig models are suitable tools for STxB-based tumor targeting, and may allow "reverse-translational" predictions on human tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ehrenfeld
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
| | - Anna Schrade
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich
| | - Markus Perl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg
| | - Noah-David Hirsch
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich
| | - Anna Sichler
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich
| | - Laura Geyer
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich
| | - Dirk Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich
| | - Sebastian Johannes Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technical University of Munich
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery team, Institute Curie
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kalla D, Flisikowski K, Yang K, Sangüesa LB, Kurome M, Kessler B, Zakhartchenko V, Wolf E, Lickert H, Saur D, Schnieke A, Flisikowska T. The Missing Link: Cre Pigs for Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:755746. [PMID: 34692545 PMCID: PMC8531543 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.755746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cre/loxP system is a powerful tool for the generation of animal models with precise spatial and temporal gene expression. It has proven indispensable in the generation of cancer models with tissue specific expression of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Consequently, Cre-transgenic mice have become an essential prerequisite in basic cancer research. While it is unlikely that pigs will ever replace mice in basic research they are already providing powerful complementary resources for translational studies. But, although conditionally targeted onco-pigs have been generated, no Cre-driver lines exist for any of the major human cancers. To model human pancreatic cancer in pigs, Cre-driver lines were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated insertion of codon-improved Cre (iCre) into the porcine PTF1A gene, thus guaranteeing tissue and cell type specific function which was proven using dual fluorescent reporter pigs. The method used can easily be adapted for the generation of other porcine Cre-driver lines, providing a missing tool for modeling human cancers in large animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kalla
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Beltran Sangüesa
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tao M, Liang X, Guo J, Zheng S, Qi Q, Cao Z, Mi Y, Zhao Z. Dynamic Photochromic Polymer Nanoparticles Based on Matrix-Dependent Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33574-33583. [PMID: 34247480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic color-tunable fluorescent materials are sought-after materials in many applications. Here, we report a polymeric matrix-regulated fluorescence strategy via synergistically modulating aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process, which leads to tunable dynamic variation of color and photoluminescence (PL) intensity of fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FRET-PNPs) driven by photoirradiation. The FRET-PNPs were prepared via a facile one-pot miniemulsion copolymerization with the tetraphenyletheyl (TPE) and spiropyran (SP) units chemically bonded to the polymer matrix. The FRET-PNPs exhibited dynamic variation of fluorescence properties (colors and PL intensity) under photoirradiation on the timescale of minutes. The variation of the polymer matrix composition could deliberately influence the AIE property of TPE units and the isomerization process of SP to merocyanine units, which further affect the FRET efficiency of FRET-PNPs and, eventually, lead to versatile dynamic fluorescence variation. The dynamic fluorescence property as well as the excellent processability and film formation ability of FRET-PNPs allowed for diverse applications, such as warning labels, dynamic decorative painting, and multiple information encryption. Without sophisticated molecular design or tedious preparation processes, a new perspective for the design, fabrication, and performance optimization of fluorescent nanomaterials for innovative applications was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Sijia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhihai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yifang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A protease-activated, near-infrared fluorescent probe for early endoscopic detection of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2008072118. [PMID: 33443161 PMCID: PMC7817203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008072118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is currently being actively developed for surgical guidance; however, it remains underutilized for diagnostic and endoscopic surveillance of incipient colorectal cancer in high-risk patients. Here we demonstrate the utility and potential for clinical translation of a fluorescently labeled cathepsin-activated chemical probe to highlight gastrointestinal lesions. This probe stays optically dark until it is activated by proteases produced by tumor-associated macrophages and accumulates within the lesions, enabling their detection using an endoscope outfitted with a fluorescence detector. We evaluated the probe in multiple murine models and a human-scale porcine model of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. The probe provides fluorescence-guided surveillance of gastrointestinal lesions and augments histopathological analysis by highlighting areas of dysplasia as small as 400 µm, which were visibly discernible with significant tumor-to-background ratios, even in tissues with a background of severe inflammation and ulceration. Given these results, we anticipate that this probe will enable sensitive fluorescence-guided biopsies, even in the presence of highly inflamed colorectal tissue, which will improve early diagnosis to prevent gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Niu G, Bak A, Nusselt M, Zhang Y, Pausch H, Flisikowska T, Schnieke AE, Flisikowski K. Allelic Expression Imbalance Analysis Identified YAP1 Amplification in p53- Dependent Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061364. [PMID: 33803512 PMCID: PMC8002920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly heterogenous cancer, making the identification of genetic driving factors difficult. Genetic factors, such as heritable mutations of Rb1 and TP53, are associated with an increased risk of OS. We previously generated pigs carrying a mutated TP53 gene, which develop OS at high frequency. RNA sequencing and allelic expression imbalance analysis identified an amplification of YAP1 involved in p53- dependent OS progression. The inactivation of YAP1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion, and leads to the silencing of TP63 and reconstruction of p16 expression in p53-deficient porcine OS cells. This study confirms the importance of p53/YAP1 network in cancer. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone malignancy that mainly occurs during adolescent growth, suggesting that bone growth plays an important role in the aetiology of the disease. Genetic factors, such as heritable mutations of Rb1 and TP53, are associated with an increased risk of OS. Identifying driver mutations for OS has been challenging due to the complexity of bone growth-related pathways and the extensive intra-tumoral heterogeneity of this cancer. We previously generated pigs carrying a mutated TP53 gene, which develop OS at high frequency. RNA sequencing and allele expression imbalance (AEI) analysis of OS and matched healthy control samples revealed a highly significant AEI (p = 2.14 × 10−39) for SNPs in the BIRC3-YAP1 locus on pig chromosome 9. Analysis of copy number variation showed that YAP1 amplification is associated with the AEI and the progression of OS. Accordingly, the inactivation of YAP1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion, and leads to the silencing of TP63 and reconstruction of p16 expression in p53-deficient porcine OS cells. Increased p16 mRNA expression correlated with lower methylation of its promoter. Altogether, our study provides molecular evidence for the role of YAP1 amplification in the progression of p53-dependent OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Niu
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (G.N.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (Y.Z.); (T.F.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Bak
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (G.N.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (Y.Z.); (T.F.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Melanie Nusselt
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (G.N.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (Y.Z.); (T.F.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (G.N.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (Y.Z.); (T.F.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Hubert Pausch
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (G.N.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (Y.Z.); (T.F.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Angelika E. Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (G.N.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (Y.Z.); (T.F.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (G.N.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (Y.Z.); (T.F.); (A.E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song M, Xia W, Tao Z, Zhu B, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S. Self-assembled polymeric nanocarrier-mediated co-delivery of metformin and doxorubicin for melanoma therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:594-606. [PMID: 33729072 PMCID: PMC7996084 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1898703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a life-threatening form of skin cancer with a low response rate to single-agent chemotherapy. Although combined therapies of metformin (MET) and doxorubicin (DOX) are effective in treating a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, their different physicochemical properties and administration routines reduce the effective co-accumulation of both drugs in tumors. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated to potentially improve drug delivery efficiency in cancer therapy of, for example, liver and lung cancers. Hence, in this study, we prepared pH-sensitive, biocompatible, tumor-targeting NPs based on the conjugation of biomaterials, including sodium alginate, cholesterol, and folic acid (FCA). As expected, since cholesterol and folic acid are two essentials, but insufficient, substrates for melanoma growth, we observed that the FCA NPs specifically and highly effectively accumulated in xenograft melanoma tumors. Taking advantage of the FCA NP system, we successfully co-delivered a combination of MET and DOX into melanoma tumors to trigger pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis) of the melanoma cells, thus blocking melanoma progression. Combined, the establishment of such an FCA NP system provides a promising vector for effective drug delivery into melanoma and increases the possibility and efficiency of drug combinations for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Niu G, Hellmuth I, Flisikowska T, Pausch H, Rieblinger B, Carrapeiro A, Schade B, Böhm B, Kappe E, Fischer K, Klinger B, Steiger K, Burgkart R, Bourdon JC, Saur D, Kind A, Schnieke A, Flisikowski K. Porcine model elucidates function of p53 isoform in carcinogenesis and reveals novel circTP53 RNA. Oncogene 2021; 40:1896-1908. [PMID: 33603167 PMCID: PMC7946636 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increasing number of genetically engineered pig models of human diseases including cancer. We previously generated pigs with a modified TP53 allele that carries a Cre-removable transcriptional stop signal in intron 1, and an oncogenic mutation TP53R167H (orthologous to human TP53R175H) in exon 5. Pigs with the unrecombined mutant allele (flTP53R167H) develop mainly osteosarcoma but also nephroblastomas and lymphomas. This observation suggested that TP53 gene dysfunction is itself the key initiator of bone tumorigenesis, but raises the question which aspects of the TP53 regulation lead to the development of such a narrow tumour spectrum. Molecular analysis of p53 revealed the presence of two internal TP53 promoters (Pint and P2) equivalent to those found in human. Consequently, both pig and human express TP53 isoforms. Data presented here strongly suggest that P2-driven expression of the mutant R167H-Δ152p53 isoform (equivalent to the human R175H-Δ160p53 isoform) and its circular counterpart circTP53 determine the tumour spectrum and play a critical role in the malignant transformation in flTP53R167H pigs. The detection of Δ152p53 isoform mRNA in serum is indicative of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we showed a tissue-specific p53-dependent deregulation of the p63 and p73 isoforms in these tumours. This study highlights important species-specific differences in the transcriptional regulation of TP53. Considering the similarities of TP53 regulation between pig and human, these observations provide useful pointers for further investigation into isoform function including the novel circTP53 in both the pig model and human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Niu
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Hellmuth
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Beate Rieblinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Carrapeiro
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schade
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - Brigitte Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - Eva Kappe
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Klinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reiner Burgkart
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moodley T, Singh M. Current Stimuli-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:71. [PMID: 33430390 PMCID: PMC7827023 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing incidence and mortality rates, cancer remains one of the most devastating global non-communicable diseases. Restricted dosages and decreased bioavailability, often results in lower therapeutic outcomes, triggering the development of resistance to conventionally used drug/gene therapeutics. The development of novel therapeutic strategies using multimodal nanotechnology to enhance specificity, increase bioavailability and biostability of therapeutics with favorable outcomes is critical. Gated vectors that respond to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, and promote targeted tumor delivery without prematurely cargo loss are ideal. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are effective delivery systems for a variety of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. MSNs possess a rigid framework and large surface area that can incorporate supramolecular constructs and varying metal species that allow for stimuli-responsive controlled release functions. Its high interior loading capacity can incorporate combination drug/gene therapeutic agents, conferring increased bioavailability and biostability of the therapeutic cargo. Significant advances in the engineering of MSNs structural and physiochemical characteristics have since seen the development of nanodevices with promising in vivo potential. In this review, current trends of multimodal MSNs being developed and their use in stimuli-responsive passive and active targeting in cancer therapy will be discussed, focusing on light, redox, pH, and temperature stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kalla D, Kind A, Schnieke A. Genetically Engineered Pigs to Study Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E488. [PMID: 31940967 PMCID: PMC7013672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen groundbreaking advances in cancer research. Genetically engineered animal models, mainly in mice, have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer. However, mice are not ideal for translating basic research into studies closer to the clinic. There is a need for complementary information provided by non-rodent species. Pigs are well suited for translational biomedical research as they share many similarities with humans such as body and organ size, aspects of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and can provide valuable means of developing and testing novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Porcine oncology is a new field, but it is clear that replication of key oncogenic mutation in pigs can usefully mimic several human cancers. This review briefly outlines the technology used to generate genetically modified pigs, provides an overview of existing cancer models, their applications and how the field may develop in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.K.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou H, Ge J, Miao Q, Zhu R, Wen L, Zeng J, Gao M. Biodegradable Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics: Insights into the Degradation Behavior. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 31:315-331. [PMID: 31765561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles as a versatile nanoplatform have been broadly applied in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers due to their inherent superior physicochemical properties (including magnetic, thermal, optical, and catalytic performance) and excellent functions (e.g., imaging, targeted delivery, and controlled release of drugs) through surface functional modification or ingredient dopant. However, in practical biological applications, inorganic nanomaterials are relatively difficult to degrade and excrete, which induces a long residence time in living organisms and thus may cause adverse effects, such as inflammation and tissue cysts. Therefore, the development of biodegradable inorganic nanomaterials is of great significance for their biomedical application. This Review will focus on the recent advances of degradable inorganic nanoparticles for cancer theranostics with highlight on the degradation mechanism, aiming to offer an in-depth understanding of degradation behavior and related biomedical applications. Finally, key challenges and guidelines will be discussed to explore biodegradable inorganic nanomaterials with minimized toxicity issues, facilitating their potential clinical translation in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) , Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Jianxian Ge
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) , Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) , Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) , Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ling Wen
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) , Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) , Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Suzhou 215123 , China.,Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| |
Collapse
|