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Balcerak-Woźniak A, Dzwonkowska-Zarzycka M, Kabatc-Borcz J. A Comprehensive Review of Stimuli-Responsive Smart Polymer Materials-Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4255. [PMID: 39274645 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Today, smart materials are commonly used in various fields of science and technology, such as medicine, electronics, soft robotics, the chemical industry, the automotive field, and many others. Smart polymeric materials hold good promise for the future due to their endless possibilities. This group of advanced materials can be sensitive to changes or the presence of various chemical, physical, and biological stimuli, e.g., light, temperature, pH, magnetic/electric field, pressure, microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, toxic substances, and many others. This review concerns the newest achievements in the area of smart polymeric materials. The recent advances in the designing of stimuli-responsive polymers are described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak-Woźniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Dzwonkowska-Zarzycka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janina Kabatc-Borcz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Dong X, Luo X, Zhao H, Qiao C, Li J, Yi J, Yang L, Oropeza FJ, Hu TS, Xu Q, Zeng H. Recent advances in biomimetic soft robotics: fabrication approaches, driven strategies and applications. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7699-7734. [PMID: 36205123 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Compared to traditional rigid-bodied robots, soft robots are constructed using physically flexible/elastic bodies and electronics to mimic nature and enable novel applications in industry, healthcare, aviation, military, etc. Recently, the fabrication of robots on soft matter with great flexibility and compliance has enabled smooth and sophisticated 'multi-degree-of-freedom' 3D actuation to seamlessly interact with humans, other organisms and non-idealized environments in a highly complex and controllable manner. Herein, we summarize the fabrication approaches, driving strategies, novel applications, and future trends of soft robots. Firstly, we introduce the different fabrication approaches to prepare soft robots and compare and systematically discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Then, we present the actuator-based and material-based driving strategies of soft robotics and their characteristics. The representative applications of soft robotics in artificial intelligence, medicine, sensors, and engineering are summarized. Also, some remaining challenges and future perspectives in soft robotics are provided. This work highlights the recent advances of soft robotics in terms of functional material selection, structure design, control strategies and biomimicry, providing useful insights into the development of next-generation functional soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Xiaohang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Chenyu Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Jiapeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jianhong Yi
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Francisco J Oropeza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Travis Shihao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Sommerville PW, Balzer AH, Lecroy G, Guio L, Wang Y, Onorato JW, Kukhta NA, Gu X, Salleo A, Stingelin N, Luscombe CK. Influence of Side Chain Interdigitation on Strain and Charge Mobility of Planar Indacenodithiophene Copolymers. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:59-69. [PMID: 36785836 PMCID: PMC9912480 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indacenodithiophene (IDT) copolymers are a class of conjugated polymers that have limited long-range order and high hole mobilities, which makes them promising candidates for use in deformable electronic devices. Key to their high hole mobilities is the coplanar monomer repeat units within the backbone. Poly(indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole) (PIDTC16-BT) and poly(indacenodithiophene-thiapyrollodione) (PIDTC16-TPDC1) are two IDT copolymers with planar backbones, but they are brittle at low molecular weight and have unsuitably high elastic moduli. Substitution of the hexadecane (C16) side chains of the IDT monomer with isocane (C20) side chains was performed to generate a new BT-containing IDT copolymer: PIDTC20-BT. Substitution of the methyl (C1) side chain on the TPD monomer for an octyl (C8) and 6-ethylundecane (C13B) afford two new TPD-containing IDT copolymers named PIDTC16-TPDC8 and PIDTC16-TPDC13B, respectively. Both PIDTC16-TPDC8 and PIDTC16-TPDC13B are relatively well deformable, have a low yield strain, and display significantly reduced elastic moduli. These mechanical properties manifest themselves because the lengthened side chains extending from the TPD-monomer inhibit precise intermolecular ordering. In PIDTC16-BT, PIDTC20-BT and PIDTC16-TPDC1 side chain ordering can occur because the side chains are only present on the IDT subunit, but this results in brittle thin films. In contrast, PIDTC16-TPDC8 and PIDTC16-TPDC13B have disordered side chains, which seems to lead to low hole mobilities. These results suggest that disrupting the interdigitation in IDT copolymers through comonomer side chain extension leads to more ductile thin films with lower elastic moduli, but decreased hole mobility because of altered local order in the respective thin films. Our work, thus, highlights the trade-off between molecular packing structure for deformable electronic materials and provides guidance for designing new conjugated polymers for stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker
J. W. Sommerville
- 1Department
of Chemistry and 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alex H. Balzer
- 4School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and 5School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, North Avenue NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Garrett Lecroy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305 United States
| | - Lorenzo Guio
- 1Department
of Chemistry and 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of
Polymer Science and Engineering, The University
of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Onorato
- 1Department
of Chemistry and 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nadzeya A. Kukhta
- 1Department
of Chemistry and 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of
Polymer Science and Engineering, The University
of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305 United States
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- 4School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and 5School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, North Avenue NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- 1Department
of Chemistry and 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States,pi-Conjugated
Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science
and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan,
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Taghizadeh MJ, Saadatinia A. Synthesis of a novel star-shaped polyethylene-co-polystyrene copolymer by using ATRP and click methods and investigation of its effects on mechanical thermal properties of epoxy resins. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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