1
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Bai JH, Yu QT, Wang YW, Chen CF, Ma LJ, Yuan Y, Gan YJ, Yang JQ, Zhu S, Ran YH, Zhang LL, Qian H, Zhao ZH, Liu Q. Polyethyleneimine-mediated assembly of DNA nanotubes for KRAS siRNA delivery in lung adenocarcinoma therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6442-6451. [PMID: 38860876 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00791c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled DNA nanostructures hold great promise in biosensing, drug delivery and nanomedicine. Nevertheless, challenges like instability and inefficiency in cellular uptake of DNA nanostructures under physiological conditions limit their practical use. To tackle these obstacles, this study proposes a novel approach that integrates the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) with DNA self-assembly. The hypothesis is that the positively charged linear PEI can facilitate the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures, safeguard them against harsh conditions and impart them with the cellular penetration characteristic of PEI. As a demonstration, a DNA nanotube (PNT) was successfully synthesized through PEI mediation, and it exhibited significantly enhanced stability and cellular uptake efficiency compared to conventional Mg2+-assembled DNA nanotubes. The internalization mechanism was further found to be both clathrin-mediated and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, influenced by both PEI and DNA. To showcase the applicability of this hybrid nanostructure for biomedical settings, the KRAS siRNA-loaded PNT was efficiently delivered into lung adenocarcinoma cells, leading to excellent anticancer effects in vitro. These findings suggest that the PEI-mediated DNA assembly could become a valuable tool for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Bai
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qing-Tao Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi-Wu Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chun-Fa Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Lian-Ju Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Gan
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jia-Qi Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Shu Zhu
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yu-Hang Ran
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Li-Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hang Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Zheng-Huan Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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2
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Vlasova KY, Kerr A, Pennock ND, Jozic A, Sahel DK, Gautam M, Murthy NTV, Roberts A, Ali MW, MacDonald KD, Walker J, Luxenhofer R, Sahay G. Synthesis of ionizable lipopolymers using split-Ugi reaction for pulmonary delivery of various size RNAs and gene editing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598497. [PMID: 38915714 PMCID: PMC11195133 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
We present an efficient approach for synthesizing cationic poly(ethylene imine) derivatives using the multicomponent split-Ugi reaction to rapidly create a library of complex functional ionizable lipopolymers. We synthesized a diverse library of 155 polymers, formulated them into polyplexes to establish structure-activity relationships crucial for endosomal escape and efficient transfection. After discovering a lead structure, lipopolymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles are introduced to preferentially deliver to and elicit effective mRNA transfection in lung endothelium and immune cells, including T cells with low in vivo toxicity. The lipopolymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles showed 300-fold improvement in systemic mRNA delivery to the lung compared to in vivo -JetPEI ® . Lipopolymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles demonstrated efficient delivery of mRNA-based therapeutics for treatment of two different disease models. Lewis Lung cancer progression was significantly delayed after treatment with loaded IL-12 mRNA in U155@lipids after repeated i.v. administration. Systemic delivery of human CFTR (hCFTR) mRNA resulted in production of functional form of CFTR protein in the lungs. The functionality of hCFTR protein was confirmed by restoration of CFTR- mediated chloride secretion in conductive airway epithelia in CFTR knockout mice after nasal instillation of hCFTR mRNA loaded U155@lipids. We further showed that, U155@lipids nanoparticles can deliver complex CRISPR-Cas9 based RNA cargo to the lung, achieving 5.6 ± 2.4 % gene editing in lung tissue. Moreover, we demonstrated successful PD-1 gene knockout of T cells in vivo . Our results highlight a versatile delivery platform for systemic delivering of mRNA of various sizes for gene therapy for a variety of therapeutics.
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Hao Y, Yang H, Yin J, Zhou M, Zhao W. Detection of H
2
S in Living Cells Using Escape Lysosome Technology Based on the Swelling Effect of Polymeric Nanomicelles. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery The Afffliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210008 P. R. China
| | - Yijie Hao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hongna Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery The Afffliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210008 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
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4
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Foster T, Lewkowicz M, Quintas C, Ionescu CM, Jones M, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Wong EYM, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Novel Nanoencapsulation Technology and its Potential Role in Bile Acid-Based Targeted Gene Delivery to the Inner Ear. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204986. [PMID: 36538754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss impacts a large proportion of the global population. Damage to the inner ear, in particular the sensitive hair cells, can impact individuals for the rest of their lives. There are very limited options for interventions after damage to these cells has occurred. Targeted gene delivery may provide an effective means to trigger appropriate differentiation of progenitor cells for effective replacement of these sensitive hair cells. There are several hurdles that need to be overcome to effectively deliver these genes. Nanoencapsulation technology has previously been used for the delivery of pharmaceuticals, proteins and nucleic acids, and may provide an effective means of delivering genes to trigger appropriate differentiation. This review investigates the background of hearing loss, current advancements and pitfalls of gene delivery, and how nanoencapsulation may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Lewkowicz
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christina Quintas
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elaine Y M Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Joint Strategy of PEG-PEI/CDs-E64d Nanoagents for Effective Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Li W, Lei X, Feng H, Li B, Kong J, Xing M. Layer-by-Layer Cell Encapsulation for Drug Delivery: The History, Technique Basis, and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020297. [PMID: 35214030 PMCID: PMC8874529 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of cells with various polyelectrolytes through layer-by-layer (LbL) has become a popular strategy in cellular function engineering. The technique sprang up in 1990s and obtained tremendous advances in multi-functionalized encapsulation of cells in recent years. This review comprehensively summarized the basis and applications in drug delivery by means of LbL cell encapsulation. To begin with, the concept and brief history of LbL and LbL cell encapsulation were introduced. Next, diverse types of materials, including naturally extracted and chemically synthesized, were exhibited, followed by a complicated basis of LbL assembly, such as interactions within multilayers, charge distribution, and films morphology. Furthermore, the review focused on the protective effects against adverse factors, and bioactive payloads incorporation could be realized via LbL cell encapsulation. Additionally, the payload delivery from cell encapsulation system could be adjusted by environment, redox, biological processes, and functional linkers to release payloads in controlled manners. In short, drug delivery via LbL cell encapsulation, which takes advantage of both cell grafts and drug activities, will be of great importance in basic research of cell science and biotherapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.X.)
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.X.)
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7
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Deng S, Iscaro A, Zambito G, Mijiti Y, Minicucci M, Essand M, Lowik C, Muthana M, Censi R, Mezzanotte L, Di Martino P. Development of a New Hyaluronic Acid Based Redox-Responsive Nanohydrogel for the Encapsulation of Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Immunotherapy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010144. [PMID: 33435600 PMCID: PMC7827853 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as promising and potential anti-cancer therapeutic agents, not only able to kill cancer cells directly by selective intracellular viral replication, but also to promote an immune response against tumor. Unfortunately, the bioavailability under systemic administration of OVs is limited because of undesired inactivation caused by host immune system and neutralizing antibodies in the bloodstream. To address this issue, a novel hyaluronic acid based redox responsive nanohydrogel was developed in this study as delivery system for OVs, with the aim to protect the OVs following systemic administration. The nanohydrogel was formulated by water in oil (W/O) nanoemulsion method and cross-linked by disulfide bonds derived from the thiol groups of synthesized thiolated hyaluronic acid. One DNA OV Ad[I/PPT-E1A] and one RNA OV Rigvir® ECHO-7 were encapsulated into the developed nanohydrogel, respectively, in view of their potential of immunovirotherapy to treat cancers. The nanohydrogels showed particle size of approximately 300–400 nm and negative zeta potential of around −13 mV by dynamic light scattering (DLS). A uniform spherical shape of the nanohydrogel was observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), especially, the successfully loading of OV into nanohydrogel was revealed by TEM. The crosslinking between the hyaluronic acid chains was confirmed by the appearance of new peak assigned to disulfide bond in Raman spectrum. Furthermore, the redox responsive ability of the nanohydrogel was determined by incubating the nanohydrogel into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4 with 10 μM or 10 mM glutathione at 37 °C which stimulate the normal physiological environment (extracellular) or reductive environment (intracellular or tumoral). The relative turbidity of the sample was real time monitored by DLS which indicated that the nanohydrogel could rapidly degrade within 10 h in the reductive environment due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds, while maintaining the stability in the normal physiological environment after 5 days. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated a good oncolytic activity of OVs-loaded nanohydrogel against the specific cancer cell lines. Overall, the results indicated that the developed nanohydrogel is a delivery system appropriate for viral drugs, due to its hydrophilic and porous nature, and also thanks to its capacity to maintain the stability and activity of encapsulated viruses. Thus, nanohydrogel can be considered as a promising candidate carrier for systemic administration of oncolytic immunovirotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandra Iscaro
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.Z.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yimin Mijiti
- Physics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (Y.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Minicucci
- Physics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (Y.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Clemens Lowik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.Z.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.Z.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piera Di Martino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.D.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0737-40-2215
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8
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Wang J, Guo C, Wang XY, Yang H. "Double-punch" strategy for delivery of viral immunotherapy with prolonged tumor retention and enhanced transfection efficacy. J Control Release 2020; 329:328-336. [PMID: 33278479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral immunotherapy has shown clinical efficacy in treating cancers (e.g., melanoma). Given that viral immunotherapy commonly uses intratumoral injection, prolonging the duration of therapeutic virus at the tumor site can further enhance the antitumor efficacy and reduce potential off-target effects. In this work, we describe a "double-punch" strategy by combining dendrimer platform and injectable hydrogel encapsulation for delivery of an adenovirus encoding Flagrp170 (Adv-Flagrp170), which has been shown to effectively mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response through enhanced tumor immunogenicity and optimized antigen cross-presentation. We first complexed PAMAM generation 4 (G4) with Adv (G4/Adv) to strengthen its transfection efficiency and then loaded G4/Adv into a biocompatible and injectable supramolecular hydrogel (SH) made of α-cyclodextrin and 4-arm polyethylene glycol via host-guest interaction. When tested in a murine melanoma model, the G4/Adv complex was shown to have improved retention at the tumor site. The presence of SH facilitated the targeted gene expression in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, including antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Delivery of Adv-Flagrp170 by both G4 coating and SH encapsulation significantly enhanced its therapeutic efficacy in controlling mouse melanoma (8-fold reduction in tumor volume), which is associated with increased immune activation in the tumor microenvironment as well as decreased adenovirus-reactive antibodies. Taken together, this new formulation may be used to improve the treatment outcome of adenovirus-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, United States.
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9
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Xu FJ. Versatile types of hydroxyl-rich polycationic systems via O-heterocyclic ring-opening reactions: From strategic design to nucleic acid delivery applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Delivery of NF-κB shRNA using carbamate-mannose modified PEI for eliminating cancer stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:405-414. [PMID: 29175597 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the main reasons that cause cancer relapse and metastasis. In this study, NF-κB shRNA was delivered to target CSCs using carbamate-mannose modified PEI (CMP) as a non-viral gene vector. The polymer was synthesized by blocking primary amine groups of branched PEI (10kDa) through nucleophilic addition between PEI and protected mannose-functionalized cyclic carbonate, followed by mannose deprotection. CMP/control shRNA nanocomplexes showed lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficiency in 4T1 murine breast cancer cells than unmodified PEI/control shRNA nanocomplexes. Importantly, CMP/NF-κB shRNA nanocomplexes (CMPN) were capable of inhibiting migration and invasion, decreasing mammosphere and colony formation and lowering ALDH+ CSC population. Furthermore, CMPN not only induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, but also sensitized the cells to the treatment with doxorubicin-loaded micellar nanoparticles. Therefore, CMPN may provide a promising approach for eliminating CSCs to prevent cancer relapse and metastasis.
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11
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Chan JMW, Wojtecki RJ, Sardon H, Lee ALZ, Smith CE, Shkumatov A, Gao S, Kong H, Yang YY, Hedrick JL. Self-Assembled, Biodegradable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents: Organic Radical-Functionalized Diblock Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:176-180. [PMID: 35632889 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of biodegradable amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polycarbonate-based diblock copolymers containing pendant persistent organic radicals (e.g., PROXYL). These paramagnetic radical-functionalized polymers self-assemble into micellar nanoparticles in aqueous media, which preferentially accumulate in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Through T1 relaxation NMR studies, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on mice, we show that these nanomaterials are effective as metal-free, biodegradable MRI contrast agents. We also demonstrate anticancer drugs can be readily loaded into the nanoparticles, conferring therapeutic delivery properties in addition to their imaging properties making these materials potential theranostic agents in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. W. Chan
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Rudy J. Wojtecki
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ashlynn L. Z. Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Cartney E. Smith
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Artem Shkumatov
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shujun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute
for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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12
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Dong S, Chen Q, Li W, Jiang Z, Ma J, Gao H. A dendritic catiomer with an MOF motif for the construction of safe and efficient gene delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8322-8329. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dendritic catiomer using biocompatible Zr-MOFs as the core exhibited a markedly higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than the commercial gold standard branched PEI25k in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Zhu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
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13
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Zhao J, Li Q, Hao X, Ren X, Guo J, Feng Y, Shi C. Multi-targeting peptides for gene carriers with high transfection efficiency. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8035-8051. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene carriers for gene therapy have been developed for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Changcan Shi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
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14
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Isik M, Agirre M, Zarate J, Puras G, Mecerreyes D, Sardon H, Pedraz JL. Amine containing cationic methacrylate copolymers as efficient gene delivery vehicles to retinal epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isik
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center; Avda. Tolosa 72 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Mireia Agirre
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Jon Zarate
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center; Avda. Tolosa 72 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science; Ikerbasque; Bilbao E-48011 Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center; Avda. Tolosa 72 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - J. L. Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
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15
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Well-defined reducible cationic nanogels based on functionalized low-molecular-weight PGMA for effective pDNA and siRNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:282-92. [PMID: 27267781 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nucleic acid-based gene therapy is a promising treatment option to cure numerous intractable diseases. For non-viral gene carriers, low-molecular-weight polymeric vectors generally demonstrate poor transfection performance, but benefit their final removals from the body. Recently, it was reported that aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) is one potential gene vector. Based on ethylenediamine (ED)-functionalized low-molecular-weight PGMA (denoted by PGED), a flexible strategy was herein proposed to design new well-defined reducible cationic nanogels (denoted by PGED-NGs) with friendly crosslinking reagents for highly efficient nucleic acid delivery. α-Lipoic acid (LA), one natural antioxidant in human body, was readily introduced into ED-functionalized PGMA and crosslinked to produce cationic PGED-NGs with plentiful reducible lipoyl groups. PGED-NGs could effectively complex plasmid DNA (pDNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). Compared with pristine PGED, PGED-NGs exhibited much better performance of pDNA transfection. PGED-NGs also could efficiently transport MALAT1 siRNA (siR-M) into hepatoma cells and significantly suppressed the cancer cell proliferation and migration. The present work indicated that reducible cationic nanogels involving LA crosslinking reagents are one kind of competitive candidates for high-performance nucleic acid delivery systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Recently, the design of new types of high-performance nanoparticles is of great significance in delivering therapeutics. Nucleic acid-based therapy is a promising treatment option to cure numerous intractable diseases. A facile and straightforward strategy to fabricate safe nucleic acid delivery nanovectors is highly desirable. In this work, based on ethylenediamine-functionalized low-molecular-weight poly(glycidyl methacrylate), a flexible strategy was proposed to design new well-defined reducible cationic nanogels (denoted by PGED-NGs) with α-Lipoic acid, one friendly crosslinking reagent, for highly efficient nucleic acid delivery. Such PGED-NGs possess plentiful reducible lipoyl groups, effectively encapsulated pDNA and siRNA and exhibited excellent abilities of nucleic acid delivery. The present work indicated that reducible cationic nanogels involving α-lipoic acid crosslinking reagents are one kind of competitive candidates for high-performance nucleic acid delivery systems.
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16
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Xu C, Yu B, Hu H, Nizam MN, Yuan W, Ma J, Xu FJ. PGMA-based gene carriers with lipid molecules. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1233-43. [PMID: 27374783 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, as the greatest constituent in cell membranes, have been widely used for biomedical applications because of their excellent biological properties. The introduction of membrane lipid molecules into gene vectors would embody greater biocompatibility, cellular uptake and transfection efficiency. In this work, one flexible strategy for readily conjugating lipid molecules with polycations was proposed based on atom transfer radical polymerization to produce a series of cholesterol (CHO)- and phosphatidylinositol (PI)-terminated ethanolamine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s, namely CHO-PGEAs and PI-PGEAs, as effective gene carriers. CHO-PGEAs and PI-PGEAs truly demonstrated much better transfection performances compared to linear ethanolamine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (denoted as BUCT-PGEA) counterparts and traditional standard branched polythylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa). In addition, the good antitumor effects of CHO-PGEA and PI-PGEA were confirmed with suppressor tumor gene p53 systems in vitro and in vivo. The present work could provide a new strategy to develop effective cationic conjugation of lipid molecules for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
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17
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Namvar A, Bolhassani A, Khairkhah N, Motevalli F. Physicochemical properties of polymers: An important system to overcome the cell barriers in gene transfection. Biopolymers 2016; 103:363-75. [PMID: 25761628 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of the macromolecules including DNA, miRNA, and antisense oligonucleotides is typically mediated by carriers due to the large size and negative charge. Different physical (e.g., gene gun or electroporation), and chemical (e.g., cationic polymer or lipid) vectors have been already used to improve the efficiency of gene transfer. Polymer-based DNA delivery systems have attracted special interest, in particular via intravenous injection with many intra- and extracellular barriers. The recent progress has shown that stimuli-responsive polymers entitled as multifunctional nucleic acid vehicles can act to target specific cells. These nonviral carriers are classified by the type of stimulus including reduction potential, pH, and temperature. Generally, the physicochemical characterization of DNA-polymer complexes is critical to enhance the transfection potency via protection of DNA from nuclease digestion, endosomal escape, and nuclear localization. The successful clinical applications will depend on an exact insight of barriers in gene delivery and development of carriers overcoming these barriers. Consequently, improvement of novel cationic polymers with low toxicity and effective for biomedical use has attracted a great attention in gene therapy. This article summarizes the main physicochemical and biological properties of polyplexes describing their gene transfection behavior, in vitro and in vivo. In this line, the relative efficiencies of various cationic polymers are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Namvar
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Ichiyama K, Yang C, Chandrasekaran L, Liu S, Rong L, Zhao Y, Gao S, Lee A, Ohba K, Suzuki Y, Yoshinaka Y, Shimotohno K, Miyakawa K, Ryo A, Hedrick J, Yamamoto N, Yang YY. Cooperative Orthogonal Macromolecular Assemblies with Broad Spectrum Antiviral Activity, High Selectivity, and Resistance Mitigation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ichiyama
- Translational
ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02 Centre for Translational
Medicine (MD6), Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Lakshmi Chandrasekaran
- Translational
ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02 Centre for Translational
Medicine (MD6), Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology (M/C 790), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology (M/C 790), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shujun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Ashlynn Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Translational
ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02 Centre for Translational
Medicine (MD6), Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Translational
ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02 Centre for Translational
Medicine (MD6), Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka
- Department
of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- The
Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1, Kohnodai, Ichikawa,
Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department
of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department
of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - James Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Translational
ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02 Centre for Translational
Medicine (MD6), Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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19
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Teo PY, Cheng W, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. Co-delivery of drugs and plasmid DNA for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:41-63. [PMID: 26529199 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an extremely complex disease involving multiple signaling pathways that enable tumor cells to evade programmed cell death, thus making cancer treatment extremely challenging. The use of combination therapy involving both gene therapy and chemotherapy has resulted in enhanced anti-cancer effects and has become an increasingly important strategy in medicine. This review will cover important design parameters that are incorporated into delivery systems for the co-administration of drug and plasmid-based nucleic acids (pDNA and shRNA), with particular emphasis on polymers as delivery materials. The unique challenges faced by co-delivery systems and the strategies to overcome such barriers will be discussed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of combination therapy using separate carrier systems versus the use of a single carrier will be evaluated. Finally, future perspectives in the design of novel platforms for the combined delivery of drugs and genes will be presented.
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20
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Huang Y, Hu H, Li RQ, Yu B, Xu FJ. Versatile Types of MRI-Visible Cationic Nanoparticles Involving Pullulan Polysaccharides for Multifunctional Gene Carriers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3919-3927. [PMID: 26841955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility, polysaccharides are good candidates for the development of promising biomaterials. In this paper, a series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible cationic polymeric nanoparticles involving liver cell-targeting polysaccharides were flexibly designed for multifunctional gene delivery systems. The pullulan-based vector (PuPGEA) consisting of one liver cell-targeting pullulan backbone and ethanolamine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (denoted by BUCT-PGEA) side chains with abundant hydroxyl units and secondary amine was first prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. The resultant cationic nanoparticles (PuPGEA-GdL or PuPGEA-GdW) with MRI functions were produced accordingly by assembling PuPGEA with aminophenylboronic acid-modified Gd-DTPA (GdL) or GdW10O36(9-) (GdW) via the corresponding etherification or electrostatic interaction. The properties of the PuPGEA-GdL and PuPGEA-GdW nanoparticles including pDNA condensation ability, cytotoxicity, gene transfection, cellular uptake, and in vitro and in vivo MRI were characterized in details. Such kinds of cationic nanoparticles exhibited good performances in gene transfection in liver cells. PuPGEA-GdW demonstrated much better MRI abilities. The present design of PuPGEA-based cationic nanoparticles with the liver cell-targeting polysaccharides and MRI contrast agents would shed light on the exploration of tumor-targetable multifunctional gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
| | - Rui-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bingran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 China
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21
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Xu Q, Yang C, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. Antimicrobial silica particles synthesized via ring-opening grafting of cationic amphiphilic cyclic carbonates: effects of hydrophobicity and structure. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cationic amphiphilic cyclic carbonates with varying hydrophobicity and structure were synthesized and grafted onto silica particles to impart antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxing Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | | | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
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22
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Englert C, Fevre M, Wojtecki RJ, Cheng W, Xu Q, Yang C, Ke X, Hartlieb M, Kempe K, García JM, Ono RJ, Schubert US, Yang YY, Hedrick JL. Facile carbohydrate-mimetic modifications of poly(ethylene imine) carriers for gene delivery applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PEI was chemically-modified with carbohydrates and carbohydrate-mimetics to improve biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Englert
- IBM Almaden Research Center
- San Jose
- USA
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
| | | | | | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Qingxing Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Xiyu Ke
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Matthias Hartlieb
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | | | | | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
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23
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Hu H, Hou XJ, Wang XC, Nie JJ, Cai Q, Xu FJ. Gold nanoparticle-conjugated heterogeneous polymer brush-wrapped cellulose nanocrystals prepared by combining different controllable polymerization techniques for theranostic applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spindly cellulose nanocrystals were coated with Au nanoparticle-conjugated heterogeneous polymer brushes prepared via different controllable polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xiu-Ju Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Shandong Province
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Shandong Province
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Jing-Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)
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24
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Kober DL, Yurtsever Z, Brett TJ. Efficient Mammalian Cell Expression and Single-step Purification of Extracellular Glycoproteins for Crystallization. J Vis Exp 2015:e53445. [PMID: 26780656 DOI: 10.3791/53445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of secreted mammalian proteins for structural and biophysical studies can be challenging, time intensive, and costly. Here described is a time and cost efficient protocol for secreted protein expression in mammalian cells and one step purification using nickel affinity chromatography. The system is based on large scale transient transfection of mammalian cells in suspension, which greatly decreases the time to produce protein, as it eliminates steps, such as developing expression viruses or generating stable expressing cell lines. This protocol utilizes cheap transfection agents, which can be easily made by simple chemical modification, or moderately priced transfection agents, which increase yield through increased transfection efficiency and decreased cytotoxicity. Careful monitoring and maintaining of media glucose levels increases protein yield. Controlling the maturation of native glycans at the expression step increases the final yield of properly folded and functional mammalian proteins, which are ideal properties to pursue X-ray crystallography. In some cases, single step purification produces protein of sufficient purity for crystallization, which is demonstrated here as an example case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Kober
- Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Drug Discovery Program in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Zeynep Yurtsever
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Drug Discovery Program in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Biochemistry Program, Washington University School of Medicine; Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Thomas J Brett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Drug Discovery Program in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine;
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25
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Yang J, Feng Y, Zhang L. Biodegradable carrier/gene complexes to mediate the transfection and proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin China
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26
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Cheng W, Yang C, Ding X, Engler AC, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial/Antifouling Soft Material Coatings Using Poly(ethylenimine) as a Tailorable Scaffold. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1967-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Xin Ding
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Amanda C. Engler
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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27
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Teo PY, Yang C, Whilding LM, Parente-Pereira AC, Maher J, George AJT, Hedrick JL, Yang YY, Ghaem-Maghami S. Ovarian cancer immunotherapy using PD-L1 siRNA targeted delivery from folic acid-functionalized polyethylenimine: strategies to enhance T cell killing. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1180-9. [PMID: 25866054 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), highly expressed on EOC cells, interacts with programmed death-1 (PD-1), expressed on T cells, causing immunosuppression. This study aims to block PD-1/PD-L1 interactions by delivering PD-L1 siRNA, using various folic acid (FA)-functionalized polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers, to SKOV-3-Luc EOC cells, and investigate the sensitization of the EOC cells to T cell killing. To enhance siRNA uptake into EOC cells, which over express folate receptors, PEI is modified with FA or PEG-FA so that siRNA is complexed into nanoparticles with folate molecules on the surface. PEI modification with a single functional group lowers the polymer cytotoxicity compared to unmodified PEI. FA-conjugated polymers increase siRNA uptake into SKOV-3-luc cells and decrease unspecific uptake into monocytes. All polymers result in 40% to 50% PD-L1 protein knockdown. Importantly, SKOV-3-Luc cells treated with either PEI-FA or PEI- polyethylene glycol (PEG)-FA/PD-L1 siRNA complexes are up to twofold more sensitive to T cell killing compared to scrambled siRNA treated controls. These findings are the first to demonstrate that PD-L1 knockdown in EOC cells, via siRNA/FA-targeted delivery, are able to sensitize cancer cells to T cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yun Teo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos, Singapore 138669 Singapore
- Imperial College London; Hammersmith Campus; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos, Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Lynsey M. Whilding
- Imperial College London; Hammersmith Campus; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK
- King's College London; Guy's Hospital; St Thomas Street London SE1 9RT UK
| | | | - John Maher
- King's College London; Guy's Hospital; St Thomas Street London SE1 9RT UK
| | | | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center; 650 Harry Road San Jose CA 95120 USA
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos, Singapore 138669 Singapore
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Li Q, Shi C, Zhang W, Behl M, Lendlein A, Feng Y. Nanoparticles complexed with gene vectors to promote proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1225-35. [PMID: 25755152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers containing biodegradable hydrophobic segments of depsipeptide based copolymers have been synthesized and explored as gene carriers for enhancing proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro. These polymers form nanoparticles (NPs) with positive charges on their surface, which could condense recombinant plasmids of enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid and ZNF580 gene (pEGFP-ZNF580) and protect them against DNase I. ZNF580 gene is efficiently transported into EA.hy926 cells to promote their proliferation, whereby the transfection efficiency of NPs/pEGFP-ZNF580 is approximately similar to that of Lipofectamine 2000. These results indicate that the NPs might have potential as a carrier for pEGFP-ZNF580, which could support endothelialization of cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Tianjin 300162 China
| | - Marc Behl
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin 300072 China
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin 300072 China
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
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29
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Engler AC, Ke X, Gao S, Chan JMW, Coady DJ, Ono RJ, Lubbers R, Nelson A, Yang YY, Hedrick JL. Hydrophilic Polycarbonates: Promising Degradable Alternatives to Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Stealth Materials. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Engler
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Xiyu Ke
- Institute of Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Shujun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Julian M. W. Chan
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Daniel J. Coady
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Robert J. Ono
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Roy Lubbers
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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Zhang T, Song X, Kang D, Zhang L, Zhang C, Jin S, Wang C, Tian J, Xing J, Liang XJ. Modified bovine serum albumin as an effective charge-reversal platform for simultaneously improving the transfection efficiency and biocompatibility of polyplexes. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4698-4706. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Cai X, Zhu H, Dong H, Li Y, Su J, Shi D. Suppression of VEGF by reversible-PEGylated histidylated polylysine in cancer therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1818-27. [PMID: 24805287 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A reversible-PEGylated polylysine is designed and developed for efficient delivery of siRNA. In this unique structure, the ε-amino groups of disulfide linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polylysine (mPEG-SS-PLL) are partially replaced by histidine groups, in order to develop the histidylated reversible-PEGylated polylysine (mPEG-SS-PLH), for enhanced endosome escape ability. The transfection efficacy of mPEG-SS-PLH is found to closely correlate with histidine substitution. Its maximum transfection efficiencies are determined, respectively, to be 75%, 42%, and 24%, against 293T, MCF-7, and PC-3 cells. These data indicate that the transfection efficiencies can equal or even outweigh PEI-25k in the corresponding cells (80%, 38.5%, and 20%). The in vivo circulation and biodistribution of the polyplexes are monitored by fluorescent imaging. The in vivo gene transfection is carried out by intravenous injection of pEGFP to BALB/c mice using the xenograft models. The in vivo experimental results show effective inhibition of tumor growth by mPEG-SS-PLH/siRNA-VEGF, indicating its high potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cai
- Shanghai East Hospital; The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science; Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine; Department of Prosthodontics; School of Stomatology; Tongji University; Shanghai 200072 China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai East Hospital; The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science; Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai East Hospital; The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science; Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Jiansheng Su
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine; Department of Prosthodontics; School of Stomatology; Tongji University; Shanghai 200072 China
| | - Donglu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital; The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science; Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai 200120 China
- Materials Science and Engineering Program; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; College of Engineering and Applied Science; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 10 45221 USA
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32
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Preparation, crystallization, and preliminary crystallographic analysis of wild-type and mutant human TREM-2 ectodomains linked to neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 96:32-8. [PMID: 24508568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TREM-2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2) is an innate immune receptor expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia. Recent genetic studies have reported the occurrence of point mutations in TREM-2 that correlate with a dramatically increased risk for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Structural and biophysical studies of wild-type and mutant TREM-2 ectodomains are required to understand the functional consequences of these mutations. In order to facilitate these studies, we undertook the production and crystallization of these proteins. Here we demonstrate that, unlike many single Ig domain proteins, TREM-2 could not be readily refolded from bacterially-expressed inclusion bodies. Instead, we developed a mammalian-cell based expression system for the successful production of wild-type and mutant TREM-2 proteins in milligram quantities and a single-chromatography-step purification scheme that produced diffraction-quality crystals. These crystals diffract to a resolution of 3.3 Å and produce data sufficient for structure determination. We describe herein the procedures to produce wild-type and mutant human TREM-2 Ig domains in sufficient quantities for structural and biophysical studies. Such studies are crucial to understand the functional consequences of TREM-2 point mutations linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and, ultimately, to develop patient-specific molecular therapies to treat them.
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