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Dong C, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Bonafè F, Huang B, Middya S, Jin A, Tao X, Han S, Bance M, Barone DG, Fraboni B, Malliaras GG. Electrochemically actuated microelectrodes for minimally invasive peripheral nerve interfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01886-0. [PMID: 38671159 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrode arrays that interface with peripheral nerves are used in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders; however, they require complex placement surgeries that carry a high risk of nerve injury. Here we leverage recent advances in soft robotic actuators and flexible electronics to develop highly conformable nerve cuffs that combine electrochemically driven conducting-polymer-based soft actuators with low-impedance microelectrodes. Driven with applied voltages as small as a few hundreds of millivolts, these cuffs allow active grasping or wrapping around delicate nerves. We validate this technology using in vivo rat models, showing that the cuffs form and maintain a self-closing and reliable bioelectronic interface with the sciatic nerve of rats without the use of surgical sutures or glues. This seamless integration of soft electrochemical actuators with neurotechnology offers a path towards minimally invasive intraoperative monitoring of nerve activity and high-quality bioelectronic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Filippo Bonafè
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Botian Huang
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sagnik Middya
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Jin
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xudong Tao
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanggil Han
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Manohar Bance
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Ren Z, Zhang M, Song S, Liu Z, Hong C, Wang T, Dong X, Hu W, Sitti M. Soft-robotic ciliated epidermis for reconfigurable coordinated fluid manipulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2345. [PMID: 36026449 PMCID: PMC9417179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fluid manipulation capabilities of current artificial cilia are severely handicapped by the inability to reconfigure near-surface flow on various static or dynamically deforming three-dimensional (3D) substrates. To overcome this challenge, we propose an electrically driven soft-robotic ciliated epidermis with multiple independently controlled polypyrrole bending actuators. The beating kinematics and the coordination of multiple actuators can be dynamically reconfigured to control the strength and direction of fluid transportation. We achieve fluid transportation along and perpendicular to the beating directions of the actuator arrays, and toward or away from the substrate. The ciliated epidermises are bendable and stretchable and can be deployed on various static or dynamically deforming 3D surfaces. They enable previously difficult to obtain fluid manipulation functionalities, such as transporting fluid in tubular structures or enhancing fluid transportation near dynamically bending and expanding surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ren
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Shanyuan Song
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Zemin Liu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Chong Hong
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Tianlu Wang
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Xiaoguang Dong
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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3
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Chortos A. Extrusion
3D
printing of conjugated polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Chortos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
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4
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Eslamian M, Mirab F, Majd S, Abidian MR. Conducting Polymer Microtubes for Bioactuators. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:3693-3696. [PMID: 31946677 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) actuators are promising devices for biomedical applications such as artificial muscles and drug delivery systems. Here, we report a tri-layer actuator based on poly(pyrrole) (PPy) microtubes (PPy MTs) doped with poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and constructed on a passive layer of gold-coated poly-propylene (PP) film. The PPy MTs were fabricated using electrochemical deposition of PPy around poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fiber templates, followed by template removal. The PPy MTs were subjected to a redox process using cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M NaPSS electrolyte solution as the potential was swept between -0.8 V and +0.4 V for 5 cycles at the scan rates of 10, 50, 100, and 200 mV/s. The bending behavior of the PPy MTs actuator was investigated by measuring the deflection of actuator tip resulting from the expansion/contraction strain of PPy MTs. The PPy MTs actuator showed a reversible bending movement during each potential cycle. The maximum deflection of actuator decreased by increasing the scan rate that was confirmed by calculating the actuation strain generated during each cycle at various scan rates.
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Stress-charge coupling coefficient for thin-film polypyrrole actuators – Investigation of capacitive ion exchange in the oxidized state. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Mashayekhi Mazar F, Martinez JG, Tyagi M, Alijanianzadeh M, Turner APF, Jager EWH. Artificial Muscles Powered by Glucose. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901677. [PMID: 31215110 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Untethered actuation is important for robotic devices to achieve autonomous motion, which is typically enabled by using batteries. Using enzymes to provide the required electrical charge is particularly interesting as it will enable direct harvesting of fuel components from a surrounding fluid. Here, a soft artificial muscle is presented, which uses the biofuel glucose in the presence of oxygen. Glucose oxidase and laccase enzymes integrated in the actuator catalytically convert glucose and oxygen into electrical power that in turn is converted into movement by the electroactive polymer polypyrrole causing the actuator to bend. The integrated bioelectrode pair shows a maximum open-circuit voltage of 0.70 ± 0.04 V at room temperature and a maximum power density of 0.27 µW cm-2 at 0.50 V, sufficient to drive an external polypyrrole-based trilayer artificial muscle. Next, the enzymes are fully integrated into the artificial muscle, resulting in an autonomously powered actuator that can bend reversibly in both directions driven by glucose and O2 only. This autonomously powered artificial muscle can be of great interest for soft (micro-)robotics and implantable or ingestible medical devices manoeuvring throughout the body, for devices in regenerative medicine, wearables, and environmental monitoring devices operating autonomously in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mashayekhi Mazar
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-1774, Iran
| | - Jose G Martinez
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Manav Tyagi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mahdi Alijanianzadeh
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Edwin W H Jager
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
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Melling D, Martinez JG, Jager EWH. Conjugated Polymer Actuators and Devices: Progress and Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808210. [PMID: 30907471 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs), as exemplified by polypyrrole, are intrinsically conducting polymers with potential for development as soft actuators or "artificial muscles" for numerous applications. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of these materials and the actuation mechanisms, aided by the development of physical and electrochemical models. Current research is focused on developing applications utilizing the advantages that CP actuators have (e.g., low driving potential and easy to miniaturize) over other actuating materials and on developing ways of overcoming their inherent limitations. CP actuators are available as films, filaments/yarns, and textiles, operating in liquids as well as in air, ready for use by engineers. Here, the milestones made in understanding these unique materials and their development as actuators are highlighted. The primary focus is on the recent progress, developments, applications, and future opportunities for improvement and exploitation of these materials, which possess a wealth of multifunctional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Melling
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jose G Martinez
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Edwin W H Jager
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
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Yilmaz Sengel T, Guler E, Arslan M, Gumus ZP, Sanli S, Aldemir E, Akbulut H, Odaci Demirkol D, Coskunol H, Timur S, Yagci Y. “Biomimetic-electrochemical-sensory-platform” for biomolecule free cocaine testing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Severt SY, Maxwell SL, Bontrager JS, Leger JM, Murphy AR. Mimicking muscle fiber structure and function through electromechanical actuation of electrospun silk fiber bundles. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8105-8114. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fiber bundles composed of silk and conducting polymers undergo linear actuation, thus mimicking the structure and contractile function of muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Y. Severt
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - S. L. Maxwell
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - J. S. Bontrager
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - J. M. Leger
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - A. R. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
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Yilmaz T, Guler E, Gumus ZP, Akbulut H, Aldemir E, Coskunol H, Goen Colak D, Cianga I, Yamada S, Timur S, Endo T, Yagci Y. Synthesis and application of a novel poly-l-phenylalanine electroactive macromonomer as matrix for the biosensing of ‘Abused Drug’ model. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biosensing application of a novel poly-l-phenylalanine-bearing electroactive macromonomer has been carried out.
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11
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Ganet F, Le MQ, Capsal JF, Lermusiaux P, Petit L, Millon A, Cottinet PJ. Development of a smart guide wire using an electrostrictive polymer: option for steerable orientation and force feedback. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18593. [PMID: 26673883 PMCID: PMC4682083 DOI: 10.1038/srep18593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of steerable guide wire or catheter designs has been strongly limited by the lack of enabling actuator technologies. This paper presents the properties of an electrostrive actuator technology for steerable actuation. By carefully tailoring material properties and the actuator design, which can be integrated in devices, this technology should realistically make it possible to obtain a steerable guide wire design with considerable latitude. Electromechanical characteristics are described, and their impact on a steerable design is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ganet
- Université de Lyon - INSA de Lyon – LGEF, 8 rue de la Physique, 69 621 Villeurbanne – France
- Pulsalys, 47 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, CS 90170, 69625 Villeurbanne – France
| | - M. Q. Le
- Université de Lyon - INSA de Lyon – LGEF, 8 rue de la Physique, 69 621 Villeurbanne – France
| | - J. F. Capsal
- Université de Lyon - INSA de Lyon – LGEF, 8 rue de la Physique, 69 621 Villeurbanne – France
| | - P. Lermusiaux
- Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot - Chirurgie Vasculaire – Pav. M – France
- Université de Lyon – Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller Lyon – France
| | - L. Petit
- Université de Lyon - INSA de Lyon – LGEF, 8 rue de la Physique, 69 621 Villeurbanne – France
| | - A. Millon
- Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot - Chirurgie Vasculaire – Pav. M – France
- Université de Lyon – Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller Lyon – France
| | - P. J. Cottinet
- Université de Lyon - INSA de Lyon – LGEF, 8 rue de la Physique, 69 621 Villeurbanne – France
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12
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Update in facial nerve paralysis: tissue engineering and new technologies. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 22:291-9. [PMID: 24979369 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To present the recent advances in the treatment of facial paralysis, emphasizing the emerging technologies. This review will summarize the current state of the art in the management of facial paralysis and discuss the advances in nerve regeneration, facial reanimation, and use of novel biomaterials. This review includes surgical innovations in reinnervation and reanimation as well as progress with bioelectrical interfaces. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has witnessed major advances in the understanding of nerve injury and approaches for management. Key innovations include strategies to accelerate nerve regeneration, provide tissue-engineered constructs that may replace nonfunctional nerves, approaches to influence axonal guidance, limiting of donor-site morbidity, and optimization of functional outcomes. Approaches to muscle transfer continue to evolve, and new technologies allow for electrical nerve stimulation and use of artificial tissues. SUMMARY The fields of biomedical engineering and facial reanimation increasingly intersect, with innovative surgical approaches complementing a growing array of tissue engineering tools. The goal of treatment remains the predictable restoration of natural facial movement, with acceptable morbidity and long-term stability. Advances in bioelectrical interfaces and nanotechnology hold promise for widening the window for successful treatment intervention and for restoring both lost neural inputs and muscle function.
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