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Bower AJ, Mahmassani Z, Zhao Y, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Lee MK, Graf BW, De Lisio M, Kong H, Boppart MD, Boppart SA. In Vivo Assessment of Engineered Skin Cell Delivery with Multimodal Optical Microscopy. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 23:434-442. [PMID: 28605991 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing process is often significantly impaired under conditions of chronic or large area wounds, which are often treated clinically using autologous split-thickness skin grafts. However, in many cases, harvesting of donor tissue presents a serious problem such as in the case of very large area burns. In response to this, engineered biomaterials have emerged that attempt to mimic the natural skin environment or deliver a suitable therapy to assist in the healing process. In this study, a custom-built multimodal optical microscope capable of noninvasive structural and functional imaging is used to investigate both the engineered tissue microenvironment and the in vivo wound healing process. Investigation of various engineered scaffolds show the strong relationship among the microenvironment of the scaffold, the organization of the cells within the scaffold, and the delivery pattern of these cells onto the healing wound. Through noninvasive tracking of these processes and parameters, multimodal optical microscopy provides an important tool in the assessment of engineered scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bower
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ziad Mahmassani
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Youbo Zhao
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Eric J Chaney
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- 5 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Benedikt W Graf
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael De Lisio
- 3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,6 School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- 5 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Marni D Boppart
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- 1 Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,7 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
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Kim J, Cho Y, Kim S, Lee J. 3D Cocontinuous Composites of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Soft Materials: High Modulus and Fast Actuation Time. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1119-1123. [PMID: 35650928 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels in nature seldom form a single phase, more often forming structured phases with other soft phases, allowing nature to develop responsive and adaptive strategies. Based on knowledge of how hydrogels are utilized in nature, we developed novel 3D cocontinuous composites from soft materials with extremely different properties, a hydrogel and a silicone. These were successfully prepared by infiltrating liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) frameworks of aligned pores prepared by directional melt crystallization. The composites had outstanding modulus and swelling ratio compared to other mechanically strong hydrogels. More interestingly, the deswelling kinetics were dramatically accelerated (by a factor of 1000), possibly due to the aligned microchannels and the hydrophobic nature of PDMS. As a result, an actuator movement mimicking flowering could be completed in less than 20 s. This novel and versatile cocontinuous composite strategy could overcome the current limitations of soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Rich MH, Lee MK, Ballance WC, Boppart M, Kong H. Poly(ethylene glycol)-Mediated Collagen Gel Mechanics Regulates Cellular Phenotypes in a Microchanneled Matrix. Biomacromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max H. Rich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Kinesiology, and ∥Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Kinesiology, and ∥Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - William C. Ballance
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Kinesiology, and ∥Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marni Boppart
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Kinesiology, and ∥Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Kinesiology, and ∥Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Vega L JCM, Lee MK, Qin EC, Rich M, Lee KY, Kim DH, Chung HJ, Leckband DE, Kong H. Three Dimensional Conjugation of Recombinant N-Cadherin to a Hydrogel for In Vitro Anisotropic Neural Growth. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6803-6811. [PMID: 28503305 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Living cells are extensively being studied to build functional tissues that are useful for both fundamental and applied bioscience studies. Increasing evidence suggests that cell-cell adhesion controlled by intercellular cadherin junction plays important roles in the quality of the resulting engineered tissue. These findings prompted efforts to interrogate biological effects of cadherin at a molecular scale; however, few efforts were made to harness the effects of cadherin on cells cultured in an in vivo-like three dimensional matrix. To this end, this study reports a hydrogel matrix three dimensionally functionalized with a controlled number of Fc-tagged recombinant N-cadherins (N-Cad-Fc). To retain the desired conformation of N-Cad, these cadherins were immobilized and oriented to the gel by anti-Fc-antibodies chemically coupled to gels. The gels were processed to present N-Cad-Fc in uniaxially aligned microchannels or randomly oriented micropores. Culturing cortical cells in the functionalized gels generated a large fraction of neurons that are functional as indicated by increased intracellular calcium ion concentrations with the microchanneled gel. In contrast, direct N-Cad-Fc immobilization to microchannel or micropore walls of the gel limited the growth of neurons and increased the glial to neuron ratio. The results of this study will be highly useful to organize a wide array of cadherin molecules in a series of biomaterials used for three-dimensional cell culture and to regulate phenotypic activities of tissue-forming cells in an elaborate manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana C M Vega L
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ellen C Qin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Max Rich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kwan Young Lee
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Human and Culture Convergence Technology R&BD Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do, 426-910 South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Deborah E Leckband
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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An S, Kim BS, Lee J. Porous polyurethane films having biomimetic ordered open pores: Indentation properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rich MH, Lee MK, Marshall N, Clay N, Chen J, Mahmassani Z, Boppart M, Kong H. Water–Hydrogel Binding Affinity Modulates Freeze-Drying-Induced Micropore Architecture and Skeletal Myotube Formation. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2255-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee MK, Rich MH, Lee J, Kong H. A bio-inspired, microchanneled hydrogel with controlled spacing of cell adhesion ligands regulates 3D spatial organization of cells and tissue. Biomaterials 2015; 58:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee MK, Rich MH, Baek K, Lee J, Kong H. Bioinspired tuning of hydrogel permeability-rigidity dependency for 3D cell culture. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8948. [PMID: 25752700 PMCID: PMC4353999 DOI: 10.1038/srep08948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are being extensively used for three-dimensional immobilization and culture of cells in fundamental biological studies, biochemical processes, and clinical treatments. However, it is still a challenge to support viability and regulate phenotypic activities of cells in a structurally stable gel, because the gel becomes less permeable with increasing rigidity. To resolve this challenge, this study demonstrates a unique method to enhance the permeability of a cell-laden hydrogel while avoiding a significant change in rigidity of the gel. Inspired by the grooved skin textures of marine organisms, a hydrogel is assembled to present computationally optimized micro-sized grooves on the surface. Separately, a gel is engineered to preset aligned microchannels similar to a plant's vascular bundles through a uniaxial freeze-drying process. The resulting gel displays significantly increased water diffusivity with reduced changes of gel stiffness, exclusively when the microgrooves and microchannels are aligned together. No significant enhancement of rehydration is achieved when the microgrooves and microchannels are not aligned. Such material design greatly enhances viability and neural differentiation of stem cells and 3D neural network formation within the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Max H Rich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kwanghyun Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- 1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA [2] Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
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Jang JM, Tran SHT, Na SC, Jeon NL. Engineering controllable architecture in matrigel for 3D cell alignment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2183-2188. [PMID: 25585718 DOI: 10.1021/am508292t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a microfluidic approach to impart alignment in ECM components in 3D hydrogels by continuously applying fluid flow across the bulk gel during the gelation process. The microfluidic device where each channel can be independently filled was tilted at 90° to generate continuous flow across the Matrigel as it gelled. The presence of flow helped that more than 70% of ECM components were oriented along the direction of flow, compared with randomly cross-linked Matrigel. Following the oriented ECM components, primary rat cortical neurons and mouse neural stem cells showed oriented outgrowth of neuronal processes within the 3D Matrigel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Myung Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience and ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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