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Wang B, Shen B, Xiang W, Shen H. Advances in the study of LNPs for mRNA delivery and clinical applications. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02102-6. [PMID: 39172354 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was discovered in 1961 as an intermediary for transferring genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. The COVID-19 pandemic brought worldwide attention to mRNA vaccines. The emergency use authorization of two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, were major achievements in the history of vaccine development. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the most superior non-viral delivery vectors available, have made many exciting advances in clinical translation as part of the COVID-19 vaccine and therefore has the potential to accelerate the clinical translation of many gene drugs. In addition, due to these small size, biocompatibility and excellent biodegradability, LNPs can efficiently deliver nucleic acids into cells, which is particularly important for current mRNA therapeutic regimens. LNPs are composed cationic or pH-dependent ionizable lipid bilayer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), phospholipids, and cholesterol, represents an advanced system for the delivery of mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, optimization of these four components constituting the LNPs have demonstrated enhanced vaccine efficacy and diminished adverse effects. The incorporation of biodegradable lipids enhance the biocompatibility of LNPs, thereby improving its potential as an efficacious therapeutic approach for a wide range of challenging and intricate diseases, encompassing infectious diseases, liver disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular conditions, among others. Consequently, this review aims to furnish the scientific community with the most up-to-date information regarding mRNA vaccines and LNP delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bili Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Biao Shen
- Hangzhou Cybernax Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 311202, China
| | - Wenqing Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Hongqiang Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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2
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Huang K, Liu X, Qin H, Li Y, Zhu J, Yin B, Zheng Q, Zuo C, Cao H, Tong Z, Sun Z. FGF18 encoding circular mRNA-LNP based on glycerolipid engineering of mesenchymal stem cells for efficient amelioration of osteoarthritis. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:4427-4439. [PMID: 39037353 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit substantial potential for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy through cartilage regeneration, yet the realization of optimal therapeutic outcomes is hampered by their limited intrinsic reparative capacities. Herein, MSCs are engineered with circular mRNA (cmRNA) encoding fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles (LNP) derived from a glycerolipid to facilitate OA healing. A proprietary biodegradable and ionizable glycerolipid, TG6A, with branched tails and five ester bonds, forms LNP exhibiting above 9-fold and 41-fold higher EGFP protein expression in MSCs than commercial LNP from DLin-MC3-DMA and ALC-0315, respectively. The introduction of FGF18 not only augmented the proliferative capacity of MSCs but also upregulated the expression of chondrogenic genes and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Additionally, FGF18 enhanced the production of proteoglycans and type II collagen in chondrocyte pellet cultures in a three-dimensional culture. In an OA rat model, transplantation with FGF18-engineered MSCs remarkably preserved cartilage integrity and facilitated functional repair of cartilage lesions, as evidenced by thicker cartilage layers, reduced histopathological scores, maintenance of zone structure, and incremental type II collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Taken together, our findings suggest that TG6A-based LNP loading with cmRNA for engineering MSCs present an innovative strategy to overcome the current limitations in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Jiangsu Purecell Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215125, China.
| | - Haitang Qin
- Jiangsu Purecell Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215125, China.
| | - Yingwen Li
- Suzhou CureMed Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215125, China.
| | - Jiafeng Zhu
- Suzhou CureMed Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215125, China.
| | - Bo Yin
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Chijian Zuo
- Suzhou CureMed Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215125, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- Jiangsu Purecell Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215125, China.
| | - Zhenbo Tong
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- Suzhou CureMed Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215125, China.
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3
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Li J, Zhang Y, Yang YG, Sun T. Advancing mRNA Therapeutics: The Role and Future of Nanoparticle Delivery Systems. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3743-3763. [PMID: 38953708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the critical role of mRNA-based vaccines as powerful, adaptable, readily manufacturable, and safe methodologies for prophylaxis. mRNA-based treatments are emerging as a hopeful avenue for a plethora of conditions, encompassing infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, genetic diseases, and rare disorders. Nonetheless, the in vivo delivery of mRNA faces challenges due to its instability, suboptimal delivery, and potential for triggering undesired immune reactions. In this context, the development of effective drug delivery systems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), is paramount. Tailored with biophysical and chemical properties and susceptible to surface customization, these NPs have demonstrated enhanced mRNA delivery in vivo and led to the approval of several NPs-based formulations for clinical use. Despite these advancements, the necessity for developing a refined, targeted NP delivery system remains imperative. This review comprehensively surveys the biological, translational, and clinical progress in NPs-mediated mRNA therapeutics for both the prevention and treatment of diverse diseases. By addressing critical factors for enhancing existing methodologies, it aims to inform the future development of precise and efficacious mRNA-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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4
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Tiwade PB, Ma Y, VanKeulen-Miller R, Fenton OS. A Lung-Expressing mRNA Delivery Platform with Tunable Activity in Hypoxic Environments. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17365-17376. [PMID: 38874565 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery platforms often facilitate protein expression in the liver following intravenous injection and have been optimized for use in normally oxygenated cells (21% O2 atmosphere). However, there is a growing need for mRNA therapy in diseases affecting non-liver organs, such as the lungs. Additionally, many diseases are characterized by hypoxia (<21% O2 atmosphere), a state of abnormally low oxygenation in cells and tissues that can reduce the efficacy of mRNA therapies by upwards of 80%. Here, we report a Tunable Lung-Expressing Nanoparticle Platform (TULEP) for mRNA delivery, whose properties can be readily tuned for optimal expression in hypoxic environments. Briefly, our study begins with the synthesis and characterization of a novel amino acrylate polymer that can be effectively complexed with mRNA payloads into TULEPs. We study the efficacy and mechanism of mRNA delivery using TULEP, including analysis of the cellular association, endocytosis mechanisms, endosomal escape, and protein expression in a lung cell line. We then evaluate TULEP under hypoxic conditions and address hypoxia-related deficits in efficacy by making our system tunable with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Finally, we conclude our study with an in vivo analysis of mRNA expression, biodistribution, and tolerability of the TULEP platform in mice. In presenting these data, we hope that our work highlights the utility of TULEPs for tunable and effective mRNA delivery while more broadly highlighting the utility of considering oxygen levels when developing mRNA delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Balakdas Tiwade
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yutian Ma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rachel VanKeulen-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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Xue Y, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Du S, Hou X, Li W, Li H, Wang S, Wang C, Yan J, Kang DD, Deng B, McComb DW, Irvine DJ, Weiss R, Dong Y. LNP-RNA-engineered adipose stem cells for accelerated diabetic wound healing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:739. [PMID: 38272900 PMCID: PMC10811230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their ability to promote tissue regeneration. However, their limited tissue repair capability has posed a challenge in achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we conceive a series of lipid nanoparticles to reprogram ASCs with durable protein secretion capacity for enhanced tissue engineering and regeneration. In vitro studies identify that the isomannide-derived lipid nanoparticles (DIM1T LNP) efficiently deliver RNAs to ASCs. Co-delivery of self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and E3 mRNA complex (the combination of saRNA and E3 mRNA is named SEC) using DIM1T LNP modulates host immune responses against saRNAs and facilitates the durable production of proteins of interest in ASCs. The DIM1T LNP-SEC engineered ASCs (DS-ASCs) prolong expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), which show superior wound healing efficacy over their wild-type and DIM1T LNP-mRNA counterparts in the diabetic cutaneous wound model. Overall, this work suggests LNPs as an effective platform to engineer ASCs with enhanced protein generation ability, expediting the development of ASCs-based cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonger Xue
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuebao Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yichen Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenqing Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyu Wang
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chang Wang
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diana D Kang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Binbin Deng
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David W McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Egberink RO, van Asbeck AH, Boswinkel M, Muradjan G, Dieker J, Brock R. Deciphering Structural Determinants Distinguishing Active from Inactive Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Cytosolic mRNA Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1822-1834. [PMID: 37733627 PMCID: PMC10587869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of noncovalent complexes by mixing of positively charged polymers with negatively charged oligonucleotides (ONs) is a widely explored concept in nanomedicine to achieve cellular delivery of ONs. Uptake of ON complexes occurs through endocytosis, which then requires release of ON from endosomes. As one type of polymer, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are being used which are peptides of about 8-30 amino acids in length. However, only a few CPPs yield effective cytosolic ON delivery and activity. Several strategies have been devised to increase cellular uptake and enhance endosomal release, among which an increase of osmotic pressure through the so-called proton sponge effect, disruption of membrane integrity through membrane activity, and disulfide-mediated polymerization. Here, we address the relevance of these concepts for mRNA delivery by incorporating structural features into the human lactoferrin-derived CPP, which shows uptake but not delivery. The incorporation of histidines was explored to address osmotic pressure and structural motifs of the delivery-active CPP PepFect14 (PF14) to address membrane disturbance, and finally, the impact of polymerization was explored. Whereas oligomerization increased the stability of polyplexes against heparin-induced decomplexation, neither this approach nor the incorporation of histidine residues to promote a proton-sponge effect yielded activity. Also, the replacement of arginine residues with lysine or ornithine residues, as in PF14, was without effect, even though all polyplexes showed cellular uptake. Ultimately, sufficient activity could only be achieved by transferring amphipathic sequence motifs from PF14 into the hLF context with some benefit of oligomerization demonstrating overarching principles of delivery for CPPs, lipid nanoparticles, and other types of delivery polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Oude Egberink
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. van Asbeck
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Milou Boswinkel
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Grigor Muradjan
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Dieker
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
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Jin L, Liu Y, Wu Y, Huang Y, Zhang D. REST Is Not Resting: REST/NRSF in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1477. [PMID: 37892159 PMCID: PMC10605157 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modifications play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. The repressor element-1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor (REST), also known as neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) and X2 box repressor (XBR), was found to regulate gene transcription by binding to chromatin and recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes. Earlier studies revealed that REST plays an important role in the development and disease of the nervous system, mainly by repressing the transcription of neuron-specific genes. Subsequently, REST was found to be critical in other tissues, such as the heart, pancreas, skin, eye, and vascular. Dysregulation of REST was also found in nervous and non-nervous system cancers. In parallel, multiple strategies to target REST have been developed. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the research progress made over the past 28 years since the discovery of REST, encompassing both physiological and pathological aspects. These insights into the effects and mechanisms of REST contribute to an in-depth understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of genes and their roles in the development and progression of disease, with a view to discovering potential therapeutic targets and intervention strategies for various related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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8
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Mao X, Wang G, Wang Z, Duan C, Wu X, Xu H. Theranostic Lipid Nanoparticles for Renal Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306246. [PMID: 37747365 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological malignancy and represents a leading threat to healthcare. Recent years have seen a series of progresses in the early diagnosis and management of RCC. Theranostic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are increasingly becoming one of the focuses in this field, because of their suitability for tumor targeting and multimodal therapy. LNPs can be precisely fabricated with desirable chemical compositions and biomedical properties, which closely match the physiological characteristics and clinical needs of RCC. Herein, a comprehensive review of theranostic LNPs is presented, emphasizing the generic tool nature of LNPs in developing advanced micro-nano biomaterials. It begins with a brief overview of the compositions and formation mechanism of LNPs, followed with an introduction to kidney-targeting approaches, such as passive, active, and stimulus responsive targeting. With examples provided, a series of modification strategies for enhancing the tumor targeting and functionality of LNPs are discussed. Thereafter, research advances on applications of these LNPs for RCC including bioimaging, liquid biopsy, drug delivery, physical therapy, and gene therapy are summarized and discussed from an interdisciplinary perspective. The final part highlights the milestone achievements of translation medicine, current challenges as well as future development directions of LNPs for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongmin Mao
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guanyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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9
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Wei M, Yang Z, Li S, Le W. Nanotherapeutic and Stem Cell Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:611-626. [PMID: 36760756 PMCID: PMC9904216 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s395010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by progressive, disabling, and incurable neurological disorders with the massive loss of specific neurons. As one of the most promising potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases, stem cell therapy exerts beneficial effects through different mechanisms, such as direct replacement of damaged or lost cells, secretion of neurotrophic and growth factors, decreased neuroinflammation, and activation of endogenous stem cells. However, poor survival and differentiation rates of transplanted stem cells, insufficient homing ability, and difficulty tracking after transplantation limit their further clinical use. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides many promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications, which already have many applications in neurodegenerative disease treatment and seem to be able to compensate for some of the deficiencies in stem cell therapy, such as transport of stem cells/genes/drugs, regulating stem cell differentiation, and real-time tracking in stem cell therapy. Therefore, nanotherapeutic strategies combined with stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic approach to treating neurodegenerative diseases. The present review systematically summarizes recent advances in stem cell therapeutics and nanotherapeutic strategies and highlights how they can be combined to improve therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Weidong Le, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, People’s Republic of China, Email
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10
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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11
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Hamann A, Pannier AK. Innovative nonviral gene delivery strategies for engineering human mesenchymal stem cell phenotypes toward clinical applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102819. [PMID: 36274497 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been used in many clinical trials, variable outcomes have resulted in no FDA-approved hMSC treatment. However, research into developing hMSC therapies for many diseases continues. An approach to manipulate hMSCs for therapeutic applications is gene delivery. Nonviral gene delivery is safer and more flexible than viral vectors, but much less efficient, especially in hMSCs. It is not understood why hMSCs are more difficult to transfect than cell lines, but innate features of hMSCs may present unique barriers to transfection. Recently, strategies to improve hMSC transfection have been developed by innovating nanocarriers, nucleic acid cargos, and by 'priming' hMSCs chemically and physically for more efficient transfection. These strategies aim to engineer hMSCs with new phenotypes mediated by transgenic secreted factors, receptors, transcription factors, and genome editing systems for clinical applications requiring enhanced immunomodulation and/or tissue regeneration, or for functions such as tumor-killing and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hamann
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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12
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Patel P, Fetse J, Lin CY, Guo Y, Hasan MR, Nakhjiri M, Zhao Z, Jain A, Cheng K. Development of amino acid-modified biodegradable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:374-384. [PMID: 36191773 PMCID: PMC10695009 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of siRNA therapeutics to treat cancer is a very promising approach. However, specific delivery of siRNAs to tumors remains a major challenge. The recent success of siRNA delivery to the liver has incentivized the development of biomaterials for siRNA delivery into tumors. Here, we report a new class of amino acid-modified lipids for siRNA delivery to cancer cells. Eight lipids were developed by headgroup modification with histidine and lysine. The lipids were screened in PC3-luciferase stable cells for gene silencing and cellular cytotoxicity study. The best lipid LHHK shows a pKa of 6.08, which is within the optimal pKa range of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for siRNA delivery. The LHHK LNP protects siRNA from serum degradation for up to 24 h and shows higher endosomal release and better cellular uptake compared to other lysine-modified lipids in PC3 cells. The LHHK LNP exhibits significant silencing activity of IKKα and IKBKE in prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Moreover, the LHHK LNP encapsulating IKBKE siRNA inhibits cell proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and suppresses the tumor progression in a pancreatic cancer mouse model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) is a promising platform for siRNA delivery. However, LNP is generally associated with high systemic toxicity. As a result, efficient and biodegradable lipids are highly needed for siRNA-based cancer therapy. Herein, we develop amino acid-modified biodegradable lipids. These lipids show very low cellular toxicity and high transfection efficiency. The best lipid LHHK shows a pKa of 6.08, which is within the optimal pKa range of LNPs for siRNA delivery. The LHHK LNP efficiently silences IKKα and IKBKE in prostate and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Moreover, the LHHK LNP encapsulating IKBKE siRNA inhibits cell proliferation and suppresses tumor growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo. These results suggest that amino acid-modified lipids possess a great potential for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikkumar Patel
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Fetse
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yuhan Guo
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Md Reaid Hasan
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Maryam Nakhjiri
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Akshay Jain
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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13
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Ahmed T. Neural stem cell engineering for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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14
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Liu Z, Li Z, Li B. Nonviral Delivery of CRISPR/Cas Systems in mRNA Format. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
- School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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15
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Takehana S, Yang W, Tabata Y. Potential Method of Autophagy Imaging with Cationized Gelatin Nanospheres Incorporating Molecular Beacon. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2965-2975. [PMID: 35609115 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop an imaging method with cationized gelatin nanospheres incorporating molecular beacon (cGNSMB) to visualize an autophagy activity in living cells. Cationized gelatin nanospheres (cGNS) were prepared by the conventional coacervation method, and then molecular beacon (MB) was incorporated into them. The cGNSMB prepared were internalized into cells at a high efficiency. In this study, a starvation medium of serum and amino acids-free was used to induce autophagy. The autophagy activity was confirmed by an immunofluorescence staining for microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3B (LC3B) of an autophagy specific protein. With the autophagy induction time, the number of LC3 fluorescent dots increased, which indicated an increased autophagy activity. As the autophagy-related genes, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and cathepsin F (CTSF), which up-regulate after autophagy induction, were chosen as the targets of cGNSMB. The fluorescence intensity of cGNSMB targeting to SQSTM1 and CTSF increased with the starvation treatment time, which well corresponded with the gene expression results. When applied to cells in different autophagy conditions, the cGNSMB visualized the autophagy activity corresponding with the autophagy condition of cells. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the cGNSMB provide a promising method to visualize the autophagy of cells. The advantage of cGNSMB visualization is to obtain the temporal and spatial information without destroying sample cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takehana
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Wenxuan Yang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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16
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Li Y, Ye Z, Yang H, Xu Q. Tailoring combinatorial lipid nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of nucleic acids, proteins, and drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2624-2639. [PMID: 35755280 PMCID: PMC9214058 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Zhongfeng Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hanyi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Cai S, Lei T, Bi W, Sun S, Deng S, Zhang X, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Du H. Chitosan Hydrogel Supplemented with Metformin Promotes Neuron-like Cell Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063276. [PMID: 35328696 PMCID: PMC8955038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are derived from migratory neural crest stem cells and have the potential to differentiate into neurons. Metformin can inhibit stem–cell aging and promotes the regeneration and development of neurons. In this study, we investigated the potential of metformin as an enhancer on neuronal differentiation of GMSCs in the growth environment of chitosan hydrogel. The crosslinked chitosan/β–glycerophosphate hydrogel can form a perforated microporous structure that is suitable for cell growth and channels to transport water and macromolecules. GMSCs have powerful osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic abilities in the induction medium supplemented with metformin. After induction in an induction medium supplemented with metformin, Western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that GMSCs differentiated into neuron–like cells with a significantly enhanced expression of neuro–related markers, including Nestin (NES) and β–Tubulin (TUJ1). Proteomics was used to construct protein profiles in neural differentiation, and the results showed that chitosan hydrogels containing metformin promoted the upregulation of neural regeneration–related proteins, including ATP5F1, ATP5J, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe–S protein 3 (NDUFS3), and Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1). Our results help to promote the clinical application of stem–cell neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangyu Bi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Shiwen Deng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Shin H, Kim J. Nanoparticle-based non-viral CRISPR delivery for enhanced immunotherapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1860-1870. [PMID: 35040444 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05999h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR Cas9 system has received considerable attention due to its simplicity, efficiency, and high precision for gene editing. The development of various therapeutic applications of the CRISPR system is under active research. In particular, its proven effects and promise in immunotherapy are of note. CRISPR/Cas9 components can be transported in various forms, such as plasmid DNA, mRNA of the Cas9 protein with gRNA, or a ribonucleoprotein complex. Even with its proven gene editing superiority, there are limitations in delivering the CRISPR system to target cells. CRISPR systems can be delivered via physical methods, viral vectors, or non-viral carriers. The development of diverse types of nanoparticles that could be used as non-viral carriers could overcome the disadvantages of physical techniques and viral vectors such as low cell viability, induction of immune response, limited loading capacity, and lack of targeting ability. Herein, we review the recent developments in applications of CRISPR system-mediated non-viral carriers in immunotherapy, depending on the targeting cell types, and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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19
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Xue Y, Baig R, Dong Y. Recent advances of biomaterials in stem cell therapies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:10.1088/1361-6528/ac4520. [PMID: 34933291 PMCID: PMC10068913 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been utilized as 'living drugs' in clinics for decades. Their self-renewal, differentiation, and immunomodulating properties provide potential solutions for a variety of malignant diseases and disorders. However, the pathological environment may diminish the therapeutic functions and survival of the transplanted stem cells, causing failure in clinical translation. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed biomaterial-based strategies that facilitatein vivotracking, functional engineering, and protective delivery of stem cells, paving the way for next-generation stem cell therapies. In this perspective, we briefly overview different types of stem cells and the major clinical challenges and summarize recent progress of biomaterials applied to boost stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonger Xue
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Rafia Baig
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
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20
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Lin Y, Wagner E, Lächelt U. Non-viral delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system: DNA versus RNA versus RNP. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1166-1192. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the CRISPR/Cas technology has rapidly become an essential tool in modern biomedical research. The opportunities to specifically modify and correct genomic DNA has also raised big hope...
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21
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Qiu M, Li Y, Bloomer H, Xu Q. Developing Biodegradable Lipid Nanoparticles for Intracellular mRNA Delivery and Genome Editing. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4001-4011. [PMID: 34668716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted emergency use authorization for two mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-based technology has attracted broad attention from the scientific community to investors. When delivered intracellularly, mRNA has the ability to produce various therapeutic proteins, enabling the treatment of a variety of illnesses, including but not limited to infectious diseases, cancers, and genetic diseases. Accordingly, mRNA holds significant therapeutic potential and provides a promising means to target historically hard-to-treat diseases. Current clinical efforts harnessing mRNA-based technology are focused on vaccination, cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapy, and genome editing. The clinical translation of mRNA-based technology has been made possible by leveraging nanoparticle delivery methods. However, the application of mRNA for therapeutic purposes is still challenged by the need for specific, efficient, and safe delivery systems.This Account highlights key advances in designing and developing combinatorial synthetic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with distinct chemical structures and properties for in vitro and in vivo intracellular mRNA delivery. LNPs represent the most advanced nonviral nanoparticle delivery systems that have been extensively investigated for nucleic acid delivery. The aforementioned COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and one LNP-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) drug (ONPATTRO) have received clinical approval from the FDA, highlighting the success of synthetic ionizable lipids for in vivo nucleic acid delivery. In this Account, we first summarize the research efforts from our group on the development of bioreducible and biodegradable LNPs by leveraging the combinatorial chemistry strategy, such as the Michael addition reaction, which allows us to easily generate a large set of lipidoids with diverse chemical structures. Next, we discuss the utilization of a library screening strategy to identify optimal LNPs for targeted mRNA delivery and showcase the applications of the optimized LNPs in cell engineering and genome editing. Finally, we outline key challenges to the clinical translation of mRNA-based therapies and propose an outlook for future directions of the chemical design and optimization of LNPs to improve the safety and specificity of mRNA drugs. We hope this Account provides insight into the rational design of LNPs for facilitating the development of mRNA therapeutics, a transformative technology that promises to revolutionize future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- School of Medicine & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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22
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Hou X, Zaks T, Langer R, Dong Y. Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 6:1078-1094. [PMID: 34394960 PMCID: PMC8353930 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1234] [Impact Index Per Article: 411.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a new category of therapeutic agent to prevent and treat various diseases. To function in vivo, mRNA requires safe, effective and stable delivery systems that protect the nucleic acid from degradation and that allow cellular uptake and mRNA release. Lipid nanoparticles have successfully entered the clinic for the delivery of mRNA; in particular, lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines are now in clinical use against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which marks a milestone for mRNA therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss the design of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery and examine physiological barriers and possible administration routes for lipid nanoparticle-mRNA systems. We then consider key points for the clinical translation of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations, including good manufacturing practice, stability, storage and safety, and highlight preclinical and clinical studies of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA therapeutics for infectious diseases, cancer and genetic disorders. Finally, we give an outlook to future possibilities and remaining challenges for this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Tal Zaks
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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23
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Puchkov PA, Maslov MA. Lipophilic Polyamines as Promising Components of Liposomal Gene Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:920. [PMID: 34205825 PMCID: PMC8234823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy requires an effective and safe delivery vehicle for nucleic acids. In the case of non-viral vehicles, including cationic liposomes, the structure of compounds composing them determines the efficiency a lot. Currently, cationic amphiphiles are the most frequently used compounds in liposomal formulations. In their structure, which is a combination of hydrophobic and cationic domains and includes spacer groups, each component contributes to the resulting delivery efficiency. This review focuses on polycationic and disulfide amphiphiles as prospective cationic amphiphiles for gene therapy and includes a discussion of the mutual influence of structural components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Maslov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Ave. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
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24
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Ramirez-Phillips AC, Liu D. Therapeutic Genome Editing and In Vivo Delivery. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:80. [PMID: 34080099 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in the understanding of human genetics and its roles in disease development and prevention have led to an increased interest in therapeutic genome editing via the use of engineered nucleases. Various approaches have been explored in the past focusing on the development of an effective and safe system for sequence-specific editing. Compared to earlier nucleases such as zinc finger nuclease and transcription activator-like effector nuclease, the relatively low cost and ease of producing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems have made therapeutic genome editing significantly more feasible. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has shown great potential to correct genetic mutations implicated in monogenic diseases and to eradicate latent or chronic viral infections in preclinical studies. Several CRISPR/Cas9-based therapeutics have reached the clinical stage, including treatments for inherited red blood cell disorders and Leber Congenital Amaurosis 10, as well as CRISPR/Cas9-edited T cells designed to target and destroy cancer cells. Further advances in therapeutic genome editing will rely on a safe and more efficient method of in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and improved efficiency of homology-directed repair for site-specific gene insertion or replacement. While other reviews have focused on one or two aspects of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, this review aims to provide a summary of the mechanisms of genome editing, the reasons for the emerging interest in CRISPR/Cas9 compared to other engineered nucleases, the current progress in developing CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems, and the current preclinical and clinical applications of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
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