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Zhang L, Ma M, Li J, Qiao K, Xie Y, Zheng Y. Stimuli-responsive microcarriers and their application in tissue repair: A review of magnetic and electroactive microcarrier. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:147-162. [PMID: 38808158 PMCID: PMC11130597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcarrier applications have made great advances in tissue engineering in recent years, which can load cells, drugs, and bioactive factors. These microcarriers can be minimally injected into the defect to help reconstruct a good microenvironment for tissue repair. In order to achieve more ideal performance and face more complex tissue damage, an increasing amount of effort has been focused on microcarriers that can actively respond to external stimuli. These microcarriers have the functions of directional movement, targeted enrichment, material release control, and providing signals conducive to tissue repair. Given the high controllability and designability of magnetic and electroactive microcarriers, the research progress of these microcarriers is highlighted in this review. Their structure, function and applications, potential tissue repair mechanisms, and challenges are discussed. In summary, through the design with clinical translation ability, meaningful and comprehensive experimental characterization, and in-depth study and application of tissue repair mechanisms, stimuli-responsive microcarriers have great potential in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiYang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Ma
- Beijing Wanjie Medical Device Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Junfei Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Beijing Gerecov Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- Beijing Gerecov Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Cao M, Sheng R, Sun Y, Cao Y, Wang H, Zhang M, Pu Y, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Lu P, Teng G, Wang Q, Rui Y. Delivering Microrobots in the Musculoskeletal System. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:251. [PMID: 39037551 PMCID: PMC11263536 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are the major contributors to the global burden of disease and current treatments show limited efficacy. Patients often suffer chronic pain and might eventually have to undergo end-stage surgery. Therefore, future treatments should focus on early detection and intervention of regional lesions. Microrobots have been gradually used in organisms due to their advantages of intelligent, precise and minimally invasive targeted delivery. Through the combination of control and imaging systems, microrobots with good biosafety can be delivered to the desired area for treatment. In the musculoskeletal system, microrobots are mainly utilized to transport stem cells/drugs or to remove hazardous substances from the body. Compared to traditional biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies, active motion improves the efficiency and penetration of local targeting of cells/drugs. This review discusses the frontier applications of microrobotic systems in different tissues of the musculoskeletal system. We summarize the challenges and barriers that hinder clinical translation by evaluating the characteristics of different microrobots and finally point out the future direction of microrobots in the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Renwang Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmeng Pu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Chang W, Li Y, Cai Y, Wang S, Song X, Sun J, Deng D, Gu Z, Xie Z. Hierarchical Dendritic Photonic Crystal Beads for Efficient Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Multiple Cell Types. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303213. [PMID: 38295412 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cell types with different morphology, and function collaborate to maintain organ function. As such, analyzing proteomic differences and connections between different types of cells forms the foundation for establishing functional connectomes and developing in vitro organoid simulation experiments. However, the efficiency of cell type isolation from organs is limited by time, equipment, and cost. Here, hierarchical dendritic photonic crystal beads (HDPCBs) featuring high-density functional groups via the self-assembly of dendritic mesoporous structure SiO2 nanoparticles (DM-SiO2) and grafting dendrimers onto the surface of dendritic mesoporous photonic crystal beads (DMPCBs) is developed. This platform integrates multitype cell separation with in situ protein cleavage processes. Efficient simultaneous isolation of Kupffer cells and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial cells (LSECs) from liver, with high specificity and convenient operation in a short separation time are demonstrated. The results reveal 2832 and 3442 unique proteins identified in Kupffer cells and LSECs using only 50 HDPCBs, respectively. 764 and 629 over-expressed proteins associated with the function of Kupffer cells and LSECs are found, respectively. The work offers a new method for efficiently isolating multiple cell types from tissues and downstream proteomic analysis, ultimately facilitating the identification of primary cell compositions and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, P. R. China
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Su L, Jin D, Wang Y, Wang Q, Pan C, Jiang S, Yang H, Yang Z, Wang X, Xia N, Chan KF, Chiu PWY, Sung JJY, Zhang L. Modularized microrobot with lock-and-detachable modules for targeted cell delivery in bile duct. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj0883. [PMID: 38100592 PMCID: PMC10848723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic microrobots promise benefits in minimally invasive cell-based therapy. However, they generally suffer from an inevitable compromise between their magnetic responsiveness and biomedical functions. Herein, we report a modularized microrobot consisting of magnetic actuation (MA) and cell scaffold (CS) modules. The MA module with strong magnetism and pH-responsive deformability and the CS module with cell loading-release capabilities were fabricated by three-dimensional printing technique. Subsequently, assembly of modules was performed by designing a shaft-hole structure and customizing their relative dimensions, which enabled magnetic navigation in complex environments, while not deteriorating the cellular functionalities. On-demand disassembly at targeted lesion was then realized to facilitate CS module delivery and retrieval of the MA module. Furthermore, the feasibility of proposed system was validated in an in vivo rabbit bile duct. Therefore, this work presents a modular design-based strategy that enables uncompromised fabrication of multifunctional microrobots and stimulates their development for future cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuqiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengfeng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haojin Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengxin Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Fung Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip Wai Yan Chiu
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jiang Q, Zhang S. Stimulus-Responsive Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms for Osteoarthritis Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206929. [PMID: 36905239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent age-related degenerative diseases. With an increasingly aging global population, greater numbers of OA patients are providing clear economic and societal burdens. Surgical and pharmacological treatments are the most common and conventional therapeutic strategies for OA, but often fall considerably short of desired or optimal outcomes. With the development of stimulus-responsive nanoplatforms has come the potential for improved therapeutic strategies for OA. Enhanced control, longer retention time, higher loading rates, and increased sensitivity are among the potential benefits. This review summarizes the advanced application of stimulus-responsive drug delivery nanoplatforms for OA, categorized by either those that depend on endogenous stimulus (reactive oxygen species, pH, enzyme, and temperature), or those that depend on exogenous stimulus (near-infrared ray, ultrasound, magnetic fields). The opportunities, restrictions, and limitations related to these various drug delivery systems, or their combinations, are discussed in areas such as multi-functionality, image guidance, and multi-stimulus response. The remaining constraints and potential solutions that are represented by the clinical application of stimulus-responsive drug delivery nanoplatforms are finally summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Kang Z, Wu B, Zhang L, Liang X, Guo D, Yuan S, Xie D. Metabolic regulation by biomaterials in osteoblast. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1184463. [PMID: 37324445 PMCID: PMC10265685 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1184463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of bone defects resulting from high-energy trauma, infection, or pathological fracture remains a challenge in the field of medicine. The development of biomaterials involved in the metabolic regulation provides a promising solution to this problem and has emerged as a prominent research area in regenerative engineering. While recent research on cell metabolism has advanced our knowledge of metabolic regulation in bone regeneration, the extent to which materials affect intracellular metabolic remains unclear. This review provides a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of bone regeneration, an overview of metabolic regulation in bone regeneration in osteoblasts and biomaterials involved in the metabolic regulation for bone regeneration. Furthermore, it introduces how materials, such as promoting favorable physicochemical characteristics (e.g., bioactivity, appropriate porosity, and superior mechanical properties), incorporating external stimuli (e.g., photothermal, electrical, and magnetic stimulation), and delivering metabolic regulators (e.g., metal ions, bioactive molecules like drugs and peptides, and regulatory metabolites such as alpha ketoglutarate), can affect cell metabolism and lead to changes of cell state. Considering the growing interests in cell metabolic regulation, advanced materials have the potential to help a larger population in overcoming bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Panyu Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Panyu Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhi Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, China
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Lv Y, Pu R, Tao Y, Yang X, Mu H, Wang H, Sun W. Applications and Future Prospects of Micro/Nanorobots Utilizing Diverse Biological Carriers. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050983. [PMID: 37241607 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery using micro-nano robots (MNRs) is a rapidly advancing and promising field in biomedical research. MNRs enable precise delivery of drugs, addressing a wide range of healthcare needs. However, the application of MNRs in vivo is limited by power issues and specificity in different scenarios. Additionally, the controllability and biological safety of MNRs must be considered. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed bio-hybrid micro-nano motors that offer improved accuracy, effectiveness, and safety for targeted therapies. These bio-hybrid micro-nano motors/robots (BMNRs) use a variety of biological carriers, blending the benefits of artificial materials with the unique features of different biological carriers to create tailored functions for specific needs. This review aims to give an overview of the current progress and application of MNRs with various biocarriers, while exploring the characteristics, advantages, and potential hurdles for future development of these bio-carrier MNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ruochen Pu
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yining Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Ding SL, Liu X, Zhao XY, Wang KT, Xiong W, Gao ZL, Sun CY, Jia MX, Li C, Gu Q, Zhang MZ. Microcarriers in application for cartilage tissue engineering: Recent progress and challenges. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:81-108. [PMID: 35386447 PMCID: PMC8958326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful regeneration of cartilage tissue at a clinical scale has been a tremendous challenge in the past decades. Microcarriers (MCs), usually used for cell and drug delivery, have been studied broadly across a wide range of medical fields, especially the cartilage tissue engineering (TE). Notably, microcarrier systems provide an attractive method for regulating cell phenotype and microtissue maturations, they also serve as powerful injectable carriers and are combined with new technologies for cartilage regeneration. In this review, we introduced the typical methods to fabricate various types of microcarriers and discussed the appropriate materials for microcarriers. Furthermore, we highlighted recent progress of applications and general design principle for microcarriers. Finally, we summarized the current challenges and promising prospects of microcarrier-based systems for medical applications. Overall, this review provides comprehensive and systematic guidelines for the rational design and applications of microcarriers in cartilage TE. This review summarized fabrication techniques and cartilage repaired application of microcarriers. The appropriate materials and design principle for microcarriers in cartilage tissue engineering are discussed. Promising future perspectives and challenges in microcarriers fields are outlined.
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Liu TP, Ha P, Xiao CY, Kim SY, Jensen AR, Easley J, Yao Q, Zhang X. Updates on mesenchymal stem cell therapies for articular cartilage regeneration in large animal models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982199. [PMID: 36147737 PMCID: PMC9485723 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for novel and efficacious therapeutics for regenerating injured articular cartilage in progressive osteoarthritis (OA) and/or trauma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are particularly promising for their chondrogenic differentiation, local healing environment modulation, and tissue- and organism-specific activity; however, despite early in vivo success, MSCs require further investigation in highly-translatable models prior to disseminated clinical usage. Large animal models, such as canine, porcine, ruminant, and equine models, are particularly valuable for studying allogenic and xenogenic human MSCs in a human-like osteochondral microenvironment, and thus play a critical role in identifying promising approaches for subsequent clinical investigation. In this mini-review, we focus on [1] considerations for MSC-harnessing studies in each large animal model, [2] source tissues and organisms of MSCs for large animal studies, and [3] tissue engineering strategies for optimizing MSC-based cartilage regeneration in large animal models, with a focus on research published within the last 5 years. We also highlight the dearth of standard assessments and protocols regarding several crucial aspects of MSC-harnessing cartilage regeneration in large animal models, and call for further research to maximize the translatability of future MSC findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pin Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Crystal Y. Xiao
- Samueli School of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sang Yub Kim
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew R. Jensen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeremiah Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Qingqiang Yao, ; Xinli Zhang,
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Qingqiang Yao, ; Xinli Zhang,
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