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Xu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yu Y, Yang M, Lu L, Chan L, Liu B. Functional hydrogels for hepatocellular carcinoma: therapy, imaging, and in vitro model. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:381. [PMID: 38951911 PMCID: PMC11218144 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide and is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, posing a serious threat to human health. Interventional embolization therapy is the main treatment against middle- and late-stage liver cancer, but its efficacy is limited by the performance of embolism, hence the new embolic materials have provided hope to the inoperable patients. Especially, hydrogel materials with high embolization strength, appropriate viscosity, reliable security and multifunctionality are widely used as embolic materials, and can improve the efficacy of interventional therapy. In this review, we have described the status of research on hydrogels and challenges in the field of HCC therapy. First, various preparation methods of hydrogels through different cross-linking methods are introduced, then the functions of hydrogels related to HCC are summarized, including different HCC therapies, various imaging techniques, in vitro 3D models, and the shortcomings and prospects of the proposed applications are discussed in relation to HCC. We hope that this review is informative for readers interested in multifunctional hydrogels and will help researchers develop more novel embolic materials for interventional therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yahan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Leung Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhou F, Li H, Liu Y, Deng H, Rong J, Zhao J. Hyaluronan derivative decorated calcium carbonate nanoparticle as a potential platform for breast cancer synergistic therapy via blood coagulation and drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Gan S, Dong J, Li X, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Y, Feng S, Li H, Zhou G. Smart "Thrombus": Self-Localizing UCST-Type Microcage. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:320-324. [PMID: 36802516 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Embolization is often used to block blood supply for controlling the growth of fibroids and malignant tumors, but limited by embolic agents lacking spontaneous targeting and post-treatment removal. So we first adopted nonionic poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) to build up self-localizing microcages by inverse emulsification. The results showed that these UCST-type microcages behaved with the appropriate phase-transition threshold value around 40 °C, and spontaneously underwent an expansion-fusion-fission cycle under the stimulus of mild temperature hyperthermia. Given the simultaneous local release of cargoes, this simple but smart microcage is expected to act as a multifunctional embolic agent for tumorous starving therapy, tumor chemotherapy, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Longbin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shiting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South P. R. China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South P. R. China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Gluing blood into gel by electrostatic interaction using a water-soluble polymer as an embolic agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206685119. [PMID: 36215508 PMCID: PMC9586266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206685119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid embolic agents are widely used for the endovascular embolization of vascular conditions. However, embolization based on phase transition is limited by the adhesion of the microcatheter to the embolic agent, use of an organic solvent, unintentional catheter retention, and other complications. By mimicking thrombus formation, a water-soluble polymer that rapidly glues blood into a gel without triggering coagulation was developed. The polymer, which consists of cationic and aromatic residues with adjacent sequences, shows electrostatic adhesion with negatively charged blood substances in a physiological environment, while common polycations cannot. Aqueous polymer solutions are injectable through clinical microcatheters and needles. The formed blood gel neither adhered to the catheter nor blocked the port. Postoperative computed tomography imaging showed that the polymer can block the rat femoral artery in vivo and remain at the injection site without nontarget embolization. This study provides an alternative for the development of waterborne embolic agents.
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