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Zhang H, Wang S, Chang K, Sun H, Guo Q, Ma L, Yang Y, Zou C, Wang L, Hu J. Optical Characterization of Paper Aging Based on Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:913-920. [PMID: 29512412 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818761669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paper aging and degradation are growing concerns for those who are responsible for the conservation of documents, archives, and libraries. In this study, the paper aging was investigated using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS), where the fluorescence properties of 47 paper samples with different ages were explored. The paper exhibits fluorescence in the blue-green spectral region with two peaks at about 448 nm and 480 nm under the excitation of 405 nm laser. Both fluorescence peaks changed in absolute intensities and thus the ratio of peak intensities was also influenced with the increasing ages. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering algorithm, all 47 paper samples were classified into nine groups based on the differences in paper age. Then the first-derivative fluorescence spectral curves were proposed to figure out the relationship between the spectral characteristic and the paper age, and two quantitative models were established based on the changes of first-derivative spectral peak at 443 nm, where one is an exponential fitting curve with an R-squared value of 0.99 and another is a linear fitting curve with an R-squared value of 0.88. The results demonstrated that the combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and PCA can be used for the classification of paper samples with different ages. Moreover, the first-derivative fluorescence spectral curves can be used to quantitatively evaluate the age-related changes of paper samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun Wang
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keke Chang
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqian Guo
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuzheng Ma
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yatao Yang
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zou
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Campanella L, Costanza C, Tomassetti M. Determination of environmental persistence and thermogravimetric analysis of paper artificially aged by photoirradiation. ANNALI DI CHIMICA 2006; 96:575-85. [PMID: 17172210 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200690059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fabriano paper was aged by irradiation with ultraviolet light (k=310) in a veterometer for 300 hours. At fixed time intervals, samples of the paper under test were analysed by titanium dioxide photosensor to determine electrochemically the "environmental persistence" index, by a suitable conductimeter method, to determine the specific conductivity variation and by thermogravimetry to determine the moisture content, the onset temperature of the cellulose degradation process and the value of the activation energy of the same process. The behaviour of these different types of indicators displayed approximately monotonous trends as a function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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